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Sugarcane Aphid & Potential Control Strategies
Nicholas Clark – Farm Advisor, Kings, Tulare, & Fresno CountiesTeam: David Haviland, Brian Marsh, Jeff Dahlberg, and Bob Hutmacher2019 Western Alfalfa and Forage SymposiumNovember 20, 2019Reno, NV
Presentation Outline• Sugarcane aphid of sorghum as a pest in the US
• Identifying and scouting for Sugarcane Aphid
• Effective control
• Experimental control – soon to be available?
Why is Sugarcane Aphid a Pest?Distribution and Damage to Sorghum Crops
When and Where Did it Come From?• 2013 reported in US (from
Mexico)• 2016 1st reported in CA
Narrow Host Range, Includes Weeds• Observed to feed heavily and reproduce on sorghum species
only• Johnson Grass is a sorghum species
• Will be present on, but not cause damage to other grasses• Not observed to feed or reproduce on broad-leaf plants
Fast-Growing, Honeydew-Secreting, Sap Suckers!• Can double population in 2-7 days• Sap loss reduces C to sinks
• General stunting, delayed development, diminished grain, early senescence
• Honeydew supports Sooty Mold, blocks photosynthesis
Exposure to Aphids and Yield: 2017
y = -4.16ln(x) + 66.99R² = 0.3378
0.005.00
10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.0050.00
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Yie
ld a
t 70%
MC
(Ton
s/ac
re)
Cumulative Aphid-Days
Exposure to Aphids and Yield: 2018
y = -0.0017x + 33.772R² = 0.1421
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Yie
ld (T
ons @
30%
DM
/acr
e)
P = 0.033
Jennifer Heguy, Merced Dairy Advisor2016 Study of 16 dairies.
How to ID and Scout for SCAFirst Steps in IPM Decision Making
Pretty Easily Distinguishable• Light green to vivid orange
• Black antennae, black tailpipes, black feet
• Heavy honeydew producers
Nymph and Winged Adult
When, Where, & What to Scout• Scout edges weekly until ID’ed
• Sample 4 areas 2x weekly until threshold
50 Aphids/Leaf, Time to Treat
This is 50 aphids
Effective SCA Control MeasuresPreventative and Responsive Tactics for your IPM Strategy
Preventative Control
• Manage Johnson Grass
• Choose resistant varieties
• Plant early, encourage vigor and health
• Neonicotinoid seed treatments available
Jeff Gore, Miss. SU
Responsive Methods
• Flupyradifurone (Sivanto Prime) or Sulfoxaflor (Transform WG) at treatment threshold, enough water for deep canopy penetration
• Greenbug poison is SCA energy drink• Malathion, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos don’t work well
2017 CA Foliar Insecticide Trial Results - Shafter
0100200300400500600700800
6 DAT 12 DAT 15 DAT 20 DAT 26 DAT 29 DAT 34 DAT 39 DAT
Aph
ids p
er L
eaf
UTC Sivanto Prime 4 Sivanto Prime 7 Transform 1.5Malathion 57% 24 Dimethoate 4EC 16 Lorsban Adv. 32
2018 CA Foliar Insecticide Trial Results - Shafter
0255075
100125150
Mea
n ap
hids
/leaf
UTC Siv_Prime Siv_HL Transform Sefina 6 Sefina 12 Dimethoate Dim_Siv* * *
Experimental SCA ControlMore Options on the Horizon?
New Product & Application Mode Registrations?
Company Product AI IRAC group Registration Status
BASF Sefina Inscalis Afidopyropen 9D 2nd or 3rd tier for Sec. 3; Field research
Corteva(Dow)
Transform WG Sulfoxaflor 4C EPA Sec. 3; CA SLN; Field research
Bayer Sivanto HL Flupyradifurone 4D Field research
Sivanto at Planting and at Layby• At planting was sprayed in
seed furrow before closing wheel
• At layby was injected with UAN-32 4” from plant about 2-3” below soil surface
2018 Five Points Soil-Applied Sivanto
050
100150200250300350400450
4DAI8/20/18
11DAI8/27/18
4DAT9/4/18
7DAT9/7/18
14DAT9/14/18
21DAT9/21/18
28DAT9/28/18
Aph
ids/
leaf
UTC IF 4 fl oz IF 5 fl oz Fol 3.5 fl oz SD 2.5 fl oz SD 4 fl oz
Yield Protection from Sivanto Applications
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
UTC IF 4 fl oz IF 5 fl oz Fol 3.5 fl oz SD 2.5 fl oz SD 4 fl oz
Yie
ld (T
ons/
acre
@ 3
0% D
M)
Sivanto Soil Treatment on FQTreatment
CP Ash ADF aNDF Lignin Starch tNDFD 30 om1
Check6.4 12.3 41.6 a 58.7 a 5.7 6.0 b 53.6 ab
In-furrow 7.0 11.5 35.1 b 49.9 b 5.2 16.6 a 49.3 b
Side-dress 6.7 11.8 38.0 ab 54.5 ab 5.4 10.9 ab 54.8 a
Foliar 7.1 10.9 34.8 b 48.9 b 5.4 19.0 a 49.5 b
P-value 0.455 0.468 0.021 0.009 0.911 0.035 0.003
Take-Away from this Presentation• Use preventative measures when feasible
• Early detection and diligent scouting - key
• Selective materials available, protective of beneficials, avoid dimethoate, malathion
• Most important to reduce cumulative aphid exposure to plants
• Looks good for future registration of new materials and uses
ThanksNick Clark
559-852-2788
680 N. Campus Dr., Ste. A
Hanford, CA 93230
neclark@ucanr.edu
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