strategic planning: policy formulation by mrs
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PROF. JOSEFINA B. BITONIO, D.P.A
STRATEGIC PLANNING (DM 214)
MARIBETH R. SUMAJIT
ARLOYD P. CARRERA
Reporters/Discussants
Understanding the meaning of
policy and policy formulation
Importance of policy formulation
Characteristics of a good policy
Policy making process
Steps in making a making a policy
How to write an effective policy
Sample policy format of PANELCO
III
TOPIC OUTLINE:
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
• TO UNDERSTAND THE
IMPORTANCE OF POLICY
FORMULATION
• TO FORMULATE EFFECTIVE
POLICIES FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
WHAT IS ?
A POLICY . . .
IS A PRINCIPLE OR RULE TO GUIDE
DECISIONS AND ACHIEVE RATIONAL
OUTCOMES
IS A STATEMENT OF INTENT, AND IS
IMPLEMENTED AS A PROCEDURE OR
PROTOCOL (WIKIPEDIA)
A POLICY . . .
IS A STATEMENT THAT PROVIDES A GUIDE
FOR DECISION MAKING BY
MEMBERS OF THE ORGANIZATION
CHARGED WITH THE RESPONSIBILITY OF
OPERATING THE ORGANIZATION AS A
SYSTEM WITH THE PURPOSE OF
ATTAINING THE ESTABLISHED
OBJECTIVES OF THE AN ORGANIZATION.
A POLICY . . .
A PRINCIPLE OR RULE TO GUIDE
DECISIONS AND ACHIEVE RATIONAL
OUTCOME
IT CONTAIN THE “WHAT” AND THE
“WHY” (NEEDS TO BE DONE)
WHAT IS POLICY FORMULATION?
POLICY FORMULATION . . .
A PROCESS TYPICALLY INCLUDES
AN ATTEMPT TO ASSESS AS MANY AREAS
OF POTENTIAL POLICY IMPACT AS
POSSIBLE IN ORDER TO LESSEN THE
CHANCES THAT A GIVEN POLICY WILL
HAVE UNEXPECTED OR UNINTENDED
CONSEQUENCES
POLICY FORMULATION . . .
INVOLVES THE CRAFTING OF
ALTERNATIVES OR OPTIONS FOR
DEALING WITH A PROBLEM
MAY ALSO REFER TO THE PROCESS OF
MAKING IMPORTANT ORGANIZATIONAL
DECISIONS
POLICY FORMULATION . . .
IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECTIVE
AND ACCEPTABLE COURSES OF ACTION
FOR ADDRESSING WHAT HAS BEEN PLACED
ON THE POLICY AGENDA
1. EFFECTIVE FORMULATION means
that the policy proposed is regarded
as a valid, efficient, and
implementable solution to the issue
at hand
2. ACCEPTABLE FORMULATION means
that the proposed course of action is
likely to be authorized by the
legitimate decision makers, usually
through majority-building in a
bargaining process
TWO PARTS TO THE DEFINITION
DEFINING POLICY FORMULATION
TOPICS REMARKS
TWO ASPECTS:
TECHNICAL and
POLITICAL
the literature typically features
either one or the other, rarely
both simultaneously
DEFINE POLICY
FORMULATION
Define as both effective +
acceptable
THE POLICY
FORMULATION
The formula is essential:
Analysis + Authorization =
FORMULATION
THUS TWO ROLES:
ANALYST and POLICY MAKER,
but the latter has the
responsibility
COMPLIANCE
COMMUNICATION
COORDINATION
CONTINUITY
CONTROL
IMPORTANCE OF A POLICY
WHY THE NEED FOR POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
IN A WORKPLACE
PURPOSE is to . . .
Ensure a safe, organized, convivial (warm, friendly, hospitable), empowering, non-discriminatory work place
What if there’s NO POLICY formulated?
Employees would feel as if they reside in a free-for-all-environment of favoritism and unfair treatment
A POLICY IS NECESSARY . . .
THE ACTIONS OF
EMPLOYEES
INDICATE
CONFUSION ABOUT
THE MOST
APPROPRIATE WAY
TO BEHAVE
GUIDANCE IS
NEEDED ABOUT THE
MOST SUITABLE
WAY TO HANDLE
VARIOUS
SITUATIONS
WHEN NEEDED
TO PROTECT
THE COMPANY
LEGALLY
A POLICY IS NECESSARY . . .
TO PROVIDE CONSISTENT AND FAIR
TREATMENT FOR EMPLOYEES
TO ESTABLISH CONSISTENT WORK
STANDARDS, RULES AND
REGULATIONS
TO COMPLY WITH GOVERNMENTAL
POLICIES AND LAWS
CONSISTENCY
PROVIDES AS PLANNING DOCUMENT OR FRAMEWORK IN WHICH ACTIONS ARE TO BE EXECUTED
SERVES AS A TOOL FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT WITHIN THE ORGANIZATION
FUNCTIONS OF POLICY
FUNCTIONS OF POLICY
PREDICTABLE
BEHAVIOR
POLICIES PROVIDE AN IMPORTANT METHOD OF LETTING PERSONNEL KNOW WHAT IS EXPECTED OF THEM, THEREBY INCREASING THE PREDICTABILITY OF DESIRED BEHAVIOR
FUNCTIONS OF POLICY
DELEGATION
POLICIES PROMOTE DELEGATION MAKING TO THE LEVEL IN THE MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY THAT MUST FACE THE PROBLEM WHEN IT ARISES
FUNCTIONS OF POLICY
COMMUNICATION
POLICIES REDUCE COMMUNICATION RELATING TO ROUTINE DECISIONS
FUNCTIONS OF POLICY
COORDINATION
POLICIES ENCOURAGE COORDINATION AND INTEGRATION OF ACTIONS AND PLANS WITHIN AND ACROSS FUNCTIONAL AREAS AND DEPARTMENTS
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
CLEAR AND SIMPLE
ASSUMPTIONS ARE
CLEAR AND EXPLICIT
THERE IS LINKAGE TO
ORGANIZATIONAL
DIRECTION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
BOTH EFFICIENT AND
EFFECTIVE
DUE PROCESS HAS BEEN
OBSERVED
CLEARLY INDICATES THE
CONDITION TO WHOM AND TO
WHAT EXTENT IT APPLIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
THERE IS A CAPACITY TO
EVALUATE OUTCOMES
OUTCOMES ARE STATED IN
MEASURABLE TERMS
THE POLICY OUTCOMES
ARE CLEARLY STATED
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
GENERALLY LONG-TERM
COMMITMENTS
ESTABLISHED BY THE
BOARD
IT HAS BEEN
APPROPRIATELY FUNDED
AND SUPPORTED BY
RESOURCES
THERE IS CLEAR
ACCOUNTABILITY
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
IT FOLLOWS ALL
APPROPRIATE LAWS
IT DOES NOT CONFLICT
WITH OTHER COOPERATIVE
POLICIES
IT IS ENFORCEABLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
IT IS HISTORICALLY
INFORMED
IDEAS HAVE BEEN
TESTED PRIOR TO
IMPLEMENTATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
STAKEHOLDERS HAVE
BEEN INCLUDED IN THE
DEVELOPMENT
CONFORMS TO
COOPERATIVE VALUES,
PRINCIPLES, VISION,
MISSION, CURRENT
STRATEGIES, GOALS,
OBJECTIVES
POLICIES, RULES & PROCEDURES
POLICY VS PROCEDURES
PROCEDURES • Management-
developed
• Management-
monitored
POLICIES
lay out what
the Board wants
the Management
do (will contain
the “what” and
the “why”)
PROCEDURES
lay out what the Board wants the Management to do (will contain the “what”, the “how”,
the “where” and the “when”)
POLICIES Board-
approved
Board-
monitored
STEPS IN POLICY FORMULATION
1. IDENTIFY
2. FORMULATE
3.
ADOPT
4.
IMPLEMENT
5. DISTRIBUTE
6.
CONTROL
7.
REVIEW / EVALUATE
POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
STEP 1
IDENTIFY POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
STEP 2
FORMULATE
POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
ADOPT
POLICY MAKING
PROCESS STEP 3
IMPLEMENT
STEP 4 POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
STEP 5
DISTRIBUTE
POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
POLICY MAKING
PROCESS STEP 6
CONTROL
STEP 7 POLICY MAKING
PROCESS
EVALUATE
HOW TO WRITE
EFFECTIVE
Policies should be written in clear,
concise and simple language
Not too technical – simple enough for
members, leaders, staff to understand
Don’t include information that may
quickly be outdated (e.g. names,
contact numbers)
WRITING GOOD POLICIES
Keep the structure simple
- gender neutral language
- short sentences (max 15 words)
- short paragraphs
- don’t use acronym – spell it the
first time
WRITING GOOD POLICIES
Be specific – mean what you say and say
what you mean.
- if action is mandatory, use “must” or
“will”
- if recommendatory, use “should”
- if permissive, use “may”
- avoid “shall” – confuses between
mandatory or recommended
WRITING GOOD POLICIES
Keep it general
- a policy cannot be written that will take
precise account of all possible
situations. Its provisions need to be
general enough and clear enough to be
applied to unanticipated circumstances.
WRITING GOOD POLICIES
POLICY
FORMAT
POLICIES ARE . . .
SET OF RULES AND GUIDELINES
THAT WILL GUIDE THE MANAGEMENT
IN IMPLEMENTING COOPERATIVE’S
VISION, MISSION AND GOALS
PLANS AND PROGRAMS
thoroughly discussed in the board meeting
always consistent with the vision, mission and
goals of the cooperative
always accordance with the existing laws and
regulations
reviewed and that changes or updates must be
properly discussed and documented
implemented and regularly monitored
1. SUBJECT OR TITLE
It contains the Policy Title and the Number
of the Policy
e.g. Policy No. 31-s-08-2013, A
POLICY CONTENTS
2. OBJECTIVE / PURPOSE OF THE POLICY
A concise statement of the rationale for the policy, including if
appropriate, reference to bylaws, external regulations, etc.
Outlines what the desired effect or outcome of the policy
should be.
e.g. PANECO III values its employees and recognizes
their needs for a safety and healthy work
environment. Being one of the entities that created
Occupational Safety and Health Committee became
increasingly sensitive to health and safety practices
at the workplace that protects its workforce.
To protect all individuals from exposure to
secondhand smoke.
Describes who the policy affects
Or which actions are impacted by the policy
may expressly exclude certain people, units, or actions
from the policy requirements
e.g. In Policy No. 31-s-08-2013, A
III. CONTENTS
A. Definition of Terms
B. Implementing Guidelines and Procedures
C. Penalty for Violation
IV. SEPARABILITY CLAUSE
V. RESPONSIBILITY
VI. EFFECTIVITY
SCOPE / CONTENTS
Source: Bitonio (2012)
SUMMARY OF PANELCO III
BOARD POLICIES
YEAR NUMBER OF
APPROVED
RESOLUTIONS
NUMBER OF
APPROVED
BOARD POLICIES
2012
Total
82 (I, A)
28 (F)
35 (T)
145
25 (9 amended)
2013
Total
20 (F)
25 (I)
52 (T, F)
61 (A)
158 (as of Sept. 2013)
26 (5 amended)
IN SUMMARY . . .
WE HAVE JUST LEARNED . . .
THE IMPORTANCE OF POLICY AND POLICY
FORMULATION IN OUR ORGANIZATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POLICY
THE POLICY MAKING PROCESS
STEPS ON HOW TO WRITE AN
EFFECTIVE POLICY
A policy is a temporary creed
liable to be changed, but while it holds
good it has got to be pursued with apostolic
zeal.
Mahatma Gandhi
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING . . .
- LEADERSHIP & POLICY FORMULATION :CDA DEVELOPMENT COURSE 2012) - THE AUSTRALIAN POLICY HANDBOOK BY PETER BRIDGMAN AND GLYN DAVIS - WIKIPEDIA - BITONIO (2012) POLICY FORMULATION. - NATCCO (2012 )POLICY DEVELOPMENT COURSE
REFERENCES:
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