sternberg theory
Post on 03-Jun-2018
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If IQ rules, it is only because we let it. And
when we let it rule, we choose a bad master.
We got ourselves into the test mess; we can
get ourselves out of it.
-Robert J. Sternberg
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Starting from his own bad experiencewith traditional IQ measurements,Robert J. Sternberg- a prominent
figure in the research of humanintelligence, developed an alternativeintelligence model, comprising threeelements of thinking processes kept
in balance by metacognition.
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Sternbergsdefinition of human intelligence is
mental activity directed toward purposiveadaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world
environments relevant to oneslife
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His triarchic theory includes three facets
or subtheories:
Analytical (componential)
Creative (experiential)
Practical (contextual)
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1.Analytical (componential) Facet (or
Subtheory)
-is influential in being able to take apart
problems and being able to see solutions not
often seen.
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Sternberg gave the example of a student, Alice,
who had excellent test scores and grades, and
teachers viewed her as extremely smart. Alicewas later seen having trouble in graduate school
because she was not adept at creating ideas of
her own (Sternberg, 1997).
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Metacomponents
-control, monitor and evaluate cognitive processing.
Performance Components
- execute strategies assembled by theMetacomponents. They are the basic operations
involved in any cognitive act.
Knowledge acquisition components-are the processes used in gaining and storing
new knowledge
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2. Creative (experiential) Facet (orSubtheory)
-deals mainly with how well a task
is performed with regard to how
familiar it is.
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Novelty
-situation that you have never
experienced before
automation
-has beenperformed multiple times and can
now be done with little or no extra thought.
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Sternberg also associated another one of his
students, Barbara, to the synthetic
giftedness. Barbara did not perform as well as
Alice on the tests taken to get into school, but
was recommended to Yale Universitybased onher exceptional creative and intuitive skills.
Barbara was later very valuable in creating
new ideas for research (Sternberg, 1997).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University -
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3. Practical (contextual) Facet (or Subtheory)
-deals with the mental activity involved in
attaining fit to
context . This type of
intelligence is often referred to as "street
smarts."
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/contexthttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/context -
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Adaptation
-occurs when one makes a change within oneselfin order to better adjust to ones surroundings
Shaping
-occurs when one changes their environment tobetter suit ones needs
selection
-replace the previous, unsatisfying undertakenwhen a completely new alternate environment is
found environment to meet the individuals goals
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation -
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An example of this type of giftedness is "Celia".
Celia did not have outstanding analytical orsynthetic abilities, but she was highly successful
in figuring out what she needed to do in order
to succeed in an academic environment. She
knew what kind of research was valued, how to
get articles into journals, how to impress people
at job interviews, and the like (Sternberg, 1997,
p.44). Celias contextual intelligence allowed herto use these skills to her best advantage.
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Analytical thinkingwhich focuses on planning,
monitoring, reflection, and transfer.
Creative thinkingwhich focuses on developing,
applying new ideas, and creating solutions.
Practical thinkingwhich focuses on selecting and
shaping real-world environments and experiences.
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The Analyzerfares well in academicenvironments, but isn't likely to make a
creative contribution to the field.
The Creatorgenerates ideas easily, but
is unable to analyze these ideas or to put
them into practice.
The Practitioneris persuasive and
maybe entertaining, but lacks substancein thinking
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The Analytical Creatoris able toanalyze created ideas, but doesn't
easily communicate these ideas to
others
The Analytical Practitionersucceeds in
conventional terms because high IQ is
translated into practical work, but he isunlikely to make a lasting contribution.
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The Creative Practitionerhas the ability to
come up with new ideas and can persuadeother people of the value of these ideas,
regardless whether those ideas are worth it
or not.The Consummate Balanceris able to apply
all of the three intelligences as needed, and
is therefore in the best position to make avaluable contribution to society.
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