static electricity by: annette miles
Post on 20-Jan-2016
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Static Electricity
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html
By: Annette Miles
Everything around us is made of atoms. So far, scientists have
found only _____ different kinds of atoms. Everything you see is made of different combinations of these
atoms.
115
PARTS OF AN ATOMSo, of what are atoms made? In the middle of each atom is a _____________. The nucleus contains two kinds of tiny particles, called __________ and ___________. Orbiting around
the nucleus are even smaller particles called ____________.
nucleus protons
neutrons electrons
The 115 kinds of atoms are different from each other because they have
different ____________ of protons, neutrons and electrons.
numbers
Oxygen atom Carbon atom
It is useful to think of a model of the atom as similar to the solar system. The _________ is in the center of the
atom like the _____ is in the center of the solar system. The __________ orbit around the nucleus like the ________
around the sun.
sun
electrons planets
nucleus
Just like in the solar system, the ________is large compared to the
electrons. The atom is mostly ______________, and the electrons are
very far away from the nucleus. While this model is not completely accurate,
we can use it to help us understand static electricity.
Empty Space
nucleus
empty space
Protons, neutrons and electrons are very different from each other. They have their own properties, or characteristics. One of
these properties is called an __________________.
• Protons have what we call a ___________charge.
• Electrons have a ____________charge.
• Neutrons have ___________; they are neutral.
positive (+)
negative (-)
no charge
electrical charge
The charge of one proton is ______ in strength to the charge of one electron.
When the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, the atom
itself has no overall charge; it is _____________.
3 protons
+3
electrons =
NeutralCharge
equal
neutral
The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held together very tightly. Normally the nucleus does not change. But some of the outer electrons are held very loosely. They can move from one atom to another. An
atom that loses electrons has more positive charges (protons) than negative charges (electrons). It is ____________ charged.
positively
An atom that gains electrons has more negative than positive particles. It has a ____________ charge. A charged atom
is called an “_________." negative
ion
Some materials hold their electrons very tightly. Electrons do not move through them very well.
These things are called ____________. Plastic, cloth, glass, and dry air are good insulators.
insulators
Other materials have some loosely held electrons, which move
through them very easily. These are called ___________. Most metals are good conductors.
conductors
How can we move electrons from one place to another? One very common way is to ____ two objects together. If they are made of different materials, and are both insulators, electrons
may be transferred (or moved) from one to the other. The more rubbing, the more electrons move, and the larger the
static charge that builds up.
Both objects are
neutral
Balloon is negatively
charged…the hand is positively
charged.
rub
Static electricity is the __________ of
__________ and _________ charges.
Now, positive and negative charges behave in interesting ways. Did you ever hear the
saying that opposites attract? Well, it's true.
imbalance positive negative
Two things with opposite, or different charges (a positive and a
negative) will ________ or pull towards each other.
attract
Things with the same charge (two positives or two negatives) will ______ or push away from each
other.
repel
What does that have to do with static electricity in hair? When you take off your
hat, it rubs against your hair. Electrons move from your hair to the hat. A static
charge builds up and now each of the hairs has the same positive charge. Remember,
things with the same charge repel each other. So the hairs try to get as far from
each other as possible. Try rubbing a balloon
vigorously against your hair. What happens?
As you walk across a carpet, electrons move from the rug to you. Now you have extra electrons and a negative static charge. Touch a door knob and ZAP! The door knob is a conductor. The electrons jump from you to the knob, and you feel the static shock.
We usually only notice static electricity in the ________ when the air is very
_____. The air is more humid during the summer. The water in the air helps
electrons move off you more quickly, so you cannot build up as big of a
static charge.
winter dry
REVIEW1. Everything around us is made of
___________.
2. In the middle of an atom is the ___________.
3. The nucleus is made up of ___________ and ______________.
4. Orbiting the nucleus are the ____________.
5. Electrons have a ____________ charge, and protons have a ____________ charge.
atoms
nucleus
protonsneutro
ns electrons
negativepositive
6. When two objects rub together, ___________ can transfer from one of the objects to the other.
7. An atom that loses an electron has a __________ charge; an atom that gains an electron has a ___________ charge.
8. Static electricity is due to the ____________ of positive and negative charges.
9. Two things with opposite charges ___________ while two things with the same charges ________.
electrons
positive
negative
imbalance
attract
repel
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http://scienceforkids.kidipede.com/chemistry/atoms/pictures/oxygen.jpg http://www.google.com/imgres?q=atom&hl=en&sa=X&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4ADSA_enUS387US388&biw=584&bih=733&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=cHtRK7rZq9AxWM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/atommodels.htm&docid=1WekoOdXD0SY1M&imgurl=http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/Graphics/atom.jpg&w=216&h=212&ei=Pgt_UI71AabO2AXWmIHIBQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=20&vpy=97&dur=1160&hovh=169&hovw=172&tx=104&ty=48&sig=114008313194622623840&page=2&tbnh=146&tbnw=129&start=16&ndsp=20&ved=1t:429,r:19,s:0,i:194 http://www.google.com/imgres?q=static+electricity&hl=en&sa=X&rlz=1R2ADSA_enUS387&biw=907&bih=733&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=lo7dVj92bNAZfM:&imgrefurl=http://www.electrostatics.com/page2.html&docid=ROUx7PD_LYapcM&imgurl=http://www.electrostatics.com/electro1.gif&w=393&h=157&ei=AAx_UMKaLei42wXA0YGICg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=349&sig=114008313194622623840&page=2&tbnh=96&tbnw=242&start=16&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:18,s:0,i:191&tx=166&ty=72 http://curriculum.cna.ca/curriculum/cna_atomic_theory/images/Negative-Ion.gif http://curriculum.cna.ca/curriculum/cna_atomic_theory/images/Positive-Ion.gif
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http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/images/static_force_opposite.gif http://www.google.com/imgres?q=static+electricity+opposites+attract&hl=en&sa=X&qscrl=1&rlz=1T4ADSA_enUS387US388&biw=787&bih=733&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=gdRY_2R1o-AfvM:&imgrefurl=http://www.jonathanfeicht.com/static-electricity.html&docid=pXyigPu1LcrQgM&imgurl=http://www.jonathanfeicht.com/uploads/7/8/0/6/7806643/8699197.gif&w=191&h=218&ei=Zip_ULr3DMng2QW5mIHIBA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=391&vpy=220&dur=504&hovh=174&hovw=152&tx=81&ty=99&sig=114008313194622623840&page=3&tbnh=143&tbnw=125&start=31&ndsp=22&ved=1t:429,r:17,s:20,i:186 http://www.electricityforum.com/static-electricity.html
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