staircase design: basic terms - cvut.czkps.fsv.cvut.cz/upload/files/k124bs-5-stiars.pdf ·...

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Terms

• Step: tread, riser, nosing, starting step/bullnose, winder, kite winder

• Stringer

• Flight of stairs

• Stair landing, platform: half, quarter

• Stairwell

• Railing: baluster, volute,

• Riser height, tread depth, going

• Slope, pitch, pitch line

• Headroom, headpass

• Walk line: curved, straight

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Longest Stairs:

Niesenbahn

Funicular

SWITZERLAND

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Hua Shan, outside Xi'an, China

JAPAN

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design and Materials

• Reinforced

• concrete:

• Precast

• Monolithic

• Wooden

• Stone

• Masonry

• Glass

• Metals

• …

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Forms of stairs

• Straight

• Curved

• Combined

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

PLAN OF STAIRCASE

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

VERTICAL CUT STAIRS

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Statics

Additional supporting structures:

• ½ height load bearing walls

• Additional tension frame / rods / walls

• Additional intermediate beam

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Statics

„slab to slab“ 1x inclined slab 2x inclined slab

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Statics

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Static schema – double staircase

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Prefabricated slab staircase

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Example of design of staircase structural wall system

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Rules

• Width of stairs: n x (600mm) (ČSN 73 4130)

• (family houses: 900mm,

• residential houses: 1100mm,

• Width of landing: [width of stairs] + (100-200)mm

• Width of intermediate landing: equal to neighbouring flights of

stairs

• No obstacles in the landing width

• Door opening direction > according to the emergency directions

● Vertical comunications

0 – 10° ramps

10 – 58° staircase

58 – 90° ladder

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Optimal Angle for

Residential houses by building code: 25°- 35°

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

VERTICAL CUT STAIRS

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

SECTION AND PLAN OF SLANT RAMP PLAN OF SLANT RAMP

● Vertical comunications

RAMPS from 0 – 10°

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Rules

• Angle: 25°- 35°

• Steps: all must have same tread and riser (width and height)

• Maximum: 18 steps in one flight of stairs (better max. 16, minimum 3)

• Optimal step height h0: 150-180mm

• Approximate step height: n = SH / h0

• Step height h: h = SH / n

• Step width b: 2.h + b = 630

After calculation: check the available space for staircase!

Number of steps = number of heights = (number of withs) – 1 !

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Rules

• Headroom or underpass height:

h1 = 1500 + 750/cosa > 2100mm

• Clearance height or Tangent

height:

h2 = 750 + 1500.cosa > 1950mm

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Rules

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Basic Rules

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Static schema – three - flight staircase

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Most frequent solution

Slab staircase: detail landing-flight

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

DETAIL LANDING-FLIGHT – INTERSECTION IN ONE LINE

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

BOARD STAIRCASE WITH

EDGES DEGREE IN ONE

LINE

STAIR GEOMETRY

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase

Design:

Most

Frequent

Geometry

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Acoustics

• Dividing walls must meet acoustic parameters:

Rw‘=52dB

• Separation of slabs:

http://www.schoeck.co.uk/en_gb/solutions-uk/tronsole--40

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

CZECH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING STRUCTURES

Staircase Design: Home work for Your Task

For one selected variant provide:

• Plan and section, scale 1:50, A3

• List of materials

• The cutting plane position drawn

• Detailed drawing (scale 1:10):

• The connection of the flight and landing slabs

• All floor layers

• Description of acoustic problems solution

• Handrail

• The intermediate landing supporting structure