staar blitz answers - marshallhistory · 2012. 4. 25. · •soil – rocky soil •resources...

STAAR Blitz Answers

Pages 1-17

Term 1

Bering Strait Theory

• Page 27

• Ice Age hunters crossed the Bering straight and developed, over time into the Native American Tribes

Native Americans

• They developed into the tribes present at the time of European Exploration of the New World.

1215 Magna Carta

• Document that guaranteed “rights” to the English noblemen and freedmen.

1492 Columbus

• 1st Explorer to reach North America.

Reasons for Colonization

• Religious Freedom: God

Primarily New England Colonies

Puritans of Massachusetts, Quakers of Pennsylvania

• Economic Gain: Gold

Primarily Middle and Southern Colonies

Tobacco in Virginia, Rice in South Carolina

• European Rivalries: Glory

Extend Power

England captured Dutch Colony; Renamed New York

St Augustine, FLorida

• 1st permanent Spanish settlement in the New World

1588 English Defeat the Spanish Armada

• England becomes “master of the Atlantic”

1607 Jamestown

• 1st Permanent English colony in the New World.

Quebec, Canada

• 1st Permanent French colony in the New World.

Southern Colonies

• List – Georgia, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina

• (Georgia married Virginia, not Carolina)

• Climate – Coastal Plains, longest growing season

• Soil - Fertile

• Resources – Tobacco, rice, indigo

• Industries - farming

1607 Jamestown, Va

• 1st Permanent English colony in the New World.

John Rolfe

• Domesticated tobacco, saving the colony by providing an item to supplement the economy of Jamestown.

John Smith

• Military leader of Jamestown, Va.

Indentured Servants

• Agreed to work for a term in order to make it to the New World. Normally 7 years.

Page 2

Slavery System

• To hold people in bondage for the purpose of forced labor.

Plantations

• Large Farms, Cash crops, slave labor

House of Burgesses

• 1st representative assembly in the colonies

Mercantilism

• An economic system where England benefited from trade with it’s colonies.

New England Colonies

• List – Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut

• (My new red car)

• Climate – Short growing season, cold

• Soil – Rocky soil

• Resources

• Industries - Shipbuilding, fishing, trade

1620 Pilgrims

• Religious group who came to New World to escape religious persecution in England

Puritans

• Came to America to escape persecution. Wanted to purify the religion.

Mayflower Compact

• Contract for self-government in Massachusetts.

Great Migration

• Puritans migrated to America in large numbers.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• 1st state constitution written in America.

Thomas Hooker

• Founded Connecticut

Middle Colonies

• List – New Jersey, New York, Delaware, Pennsylvania (2 New Drawing Penns)

• Climate – Warmer, longer growing season

• Soil - fertile

• Resources – Grains (largest export)

• Industries

William Penn

• Founder of Pennsylvania

• Quaker

Examples of Political reasons for founding the colonies

• Duke of York received New Netherlands from the King of England.

Examples of Economic reasons for founding the colonies

• Cash Crops in the South

• Land and gold from the Native Americans

Examples of Social reasons for founding the colonies. (includes

religion) • Pilgrims, Puritans, Quakers, and Debtors.

1689 English Bill of Rights

• Agreement to respect the rights of English citizens and Parliament

French and Indian War

• War fought between England and France to determine control of North America.

Ben Franklin

• Enlightenment thinker, inventor, thinker, scientist and politician.

Albany Plan of Union

• 1st formal proposal to unite the colonies.

Proclamation of 1763

• Forbade colonial settlement west of the Appalachian mountains.

Page 3

TAKS Dates Date Event Description

1607 Jamestown 1st permanent English Colony

1620 Plymouth, Mass. Mayflower Compact, Pilgrims

1776 Declaration of

Independence

Declared Independence from England.

Stated King George III forced us to do

this.

1787 Constitution 2nd document to run country. Created a

republican government.

1803 Louisiana Purchase Doubles size of the U. S.

1861- 65 Civil War The US splits over states rights and,

later, slavery

Mercantilism

• System of trade designed to benefit the mother country over the colonies.

Write this down!!

• Great Britain = England = Britain

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

House of Burgesses

Mayflower Compact

Join or Die

• Ben Franklin proposed the colonies unite for common defense against the Indians. This did not happen.

Page 4

Causes and events of the American Revolution

Magna Carta

• 1215

• Took power from the King and gave political rights to people.

• First time king had given up power.

• Gave basic political rights to English citizens

Mercantilism

• Economic system by which a nation determines its power based on wealth.

• System England used with the colonies.

1607 Jamestown

• Virginia – 1st successful permanent English settlement in the colonies.

English Bill of Rights

• King agreed to respect rights of people and parliament. Colonists thought they had the same rights as other Englishmen

House of Burgesses

• In Virginia.

• 1st Representative assembly in the colonies

• 1619

Mayflower Compact

• Pilgrim men signed this, agreeing to follow the laws for the good of the colony.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• Set of laws.

• 1st state constitution.

• Self-Govt.

Great Awakening

• 1730’s – 1740’s

• Religious revival taking place in the colonies

French and Indian War

• The BRITISH won

• The French and Indians against the British and the Colonists

• Fought over the land in the Ohio river valley..

Albany Plan of Union

• Join or die

• Proposed by Ben Franklin.

• First formal proposal to unite the colonies.

Proclamation of 1763

• King George III

• stated the colonists could not settle to the west of the Appalachian Mtns to prevent war with the Native Americans

Problem:

• Great Britain’s massive war debt after the French and Indian War.

Quartering Act

• Forced the colonists to house and provide for the British soldiers in the colonies

Sugar Act

• Placed a tax on sugar, molasses and other products. Called for strict enforcement and harsh punishment for smugglers.

Stamp Act

• Required all legal and commercial documents to carry an official stamp.

• Required on Diplomas, wills, playing cards, newspapers and many other items

Stamp Act Congress

• Formed to protest the stamp act.

• No taxation without representation

• Voted to boycott all British products

Sons of Liberty

• A secret society formed to protest the British policies in the colonies.

• Samuel Adams helped organize it.

Committees of Correspondence

• Groups who wrote letters to each other about what was happening in their colony.

Samuel Adams

• Leader of the Sons of Liberty.

• Driving force behind many protests, including a boycott of British goods to protest the Townshend acts.

Patrick Henry

• “Give me liberty or give me death

Writs of assistance

• Like a search warrant today

• Allowed British to search for smuggled goods in homes and businesses.

The Boston Massacre

• Event in Boston Mass where 5 people were killed when the British soldiers (Redcoats) fired into a crowd.

• Used as propaganda by the Partiots.

Crispus Attucks

• Killed during the “Boston Massacre”

• African American

The Boston Tea Party

• Sons of Liberty destroy tea in protest.

1st Continental Congress

• Met in Philadelphia Pennsylvania to vote to ban all trade with Britain.

• Ordered the colonies to raise militia

The American Revolution

• America fights for independence from Britain

• Lexington and Concord – First shots of the American Revolution. U. S. wins!

• Bunker Hill – British win but with horrible losses.

Page 5

2nd Continental Congress

• Formed the Continental Amy.

• Washington as commander of Continental Army

• Authorized the printing of paper money

• Declared independence

• Began acting as a government

1776

• Declaration of Independence

• Main Author – Thomas Jefferson

• July 4, 1776 – Declaration is adopted. U.S. is independent from Britain

• Common Sense written to support it.

Thomas Paine

• Wrote Common Sense in order to convince others of the need for declaring independence from Britain

Unalienable Rights

• Cannot be taken away

• Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

Grievances

• Complaints

• 27 listed in the Declaration of Independence

Saratoga

• Turning point of the war

• French begin to support the Continental Army

Marquis de Lafayette

• French Nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington’s Army

John Paul Jones

• “I have not yet begun to fight!”

Yorktown

• Final Battle of War

• British Defeated

• Gen. Cornwallis surrenders

Treaty of Paris

• Set boundaries of U.S.

• Declared U. S. independent (OFFICIAL)

• Each side would pay debts

• British would return any slaves they captured

Weaknesses Strengths

Pg 208 Northwest Ordinance

Could not enforce laws Kept the U. S. together through the Revolution

Could not levy taxes Negotiated the Treaty of Paris 1783 (ending the war)

Could not regulate trade

Required all 13 states to approve changes

Northwest Ordinance

• Abolition of state claims

• Establishment of territorial government

• Establishment of civil rights

• Prohibition of slavery

• Definition of the Midwest as a region

Shay’s Rebellion

• Showed need for new government because this one is too weak to deal with a small rebellion.

Constitutional Convention

• Aka Philadelphia Convention

• 1787

• 55 delegates

• George Washington selected as president of the Convention

• Designing a new national government

• Shay’s Rebellion changed many Americans minds…

Page 6

Father of the Constitution

• James Madison

The Virginia Plan Called for a 3 branch

government with representation in congress

based on population.

The New Jersey Plan Representation in Congress

would be equal for each state (1 vote/state

The Great Compromise How our new government turned out

3 branches – 2 house Congress 2 per state in Senate; House of Reps based

on population

3/5ths Compromise How slaves would be counted for

Representation.

Page 7

Federalists Hamilton, Madison,

Adams Wanted a strong

Federal government

Antifederalists George Mason, Patrick

Henry Strong State governments,

weak Federal

The Federalist Papers A series of essays written to support the Federalist view

of the Constitution

Compromise The Bill of Rights

Amendment Process

Proposed by 2/3 of congress

Presented to the states

Ratified by 3/4 of the

states

Personalities of the American

Revolution

Thomas Jefferson

Ben Franklin

George Washingto

n

Paul Revere

Marquis de

Lafayette Samuel Adams

Thomas Paine

Patrick Henry

George III

Albany Plan of Union

King of England

Give me liberty Or give me death

Common Sense

Sons of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence

French Nobleman who served under Washington

The British are Coming

“I wrote the Declaration of Independence

1st President , Commander of the Continental Army

Page 8

Republicanism

• We use representatives to do the people’s will.

Popular Soverignty

• “We the People” are the source of the government’s power.

Federalism

• The sharing of power between state and federal governments.

Federalism

Limited Government

• We limit the control the government has over our lives.

Separation of Powers

• 3 branches to disperse the power

United States Federal Government

Legislative Executive Judicial

Congress Makes the

Laws

Enforces the Law

Interprets the law

Individual Rights

• Personal Freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights.

Checks and Balances

• Each branch has power over the others to keep each other in check.

Checks and Balances

Legislative

Judicial Executive

Page 9

• Making Distinctions Historical Documents

Declaration of Independence

• “When in the course of human events…”

• Who wrote it? Thomas Jefferson

• What date? 7/4/1776

• What are inalienable Rights? Can’t be taken away.

• What are grievances? Complaints

• Who did we declare our independence from? Great Britain

• What pamphlet made Americans aware of their need to declare independence? Common Sense.

• Who wrote it? Thomas Paine

Articles of Confederation • Was this a strong or weak federal

government? Weak

• What were some of its success?

• Kept the new country together

• Northwest ordinance

• (Set the pattern for the orderly growth of the United States)

• What event made Americans aware of the need for a strong national government?

• Shays’ Rebellion

U. S. Constitution

• “We the people”

• Rulebook for the U. S. Govt.

• Who is the ‘Father of the Constitution?’

• James Madison

• What year? 1787

Principles: • Popular Soverignty

• Limited Government

• Republicism

• Federalism

• Separation of powers

• Checks and Balances

• Individual rights

Federalists Antifederalists

James Madison Alexander Hamilton

George Mason Patrick Henry

Bill of Rights

• First 10 amendments to the constitution.

• Lists our Individual rights.

• The 5 freedoms are

• Religion

• Speech

• Press

• Assembly

• Petition

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1st Political Parties

Federalists Anti Federalists

Republicans Against the expansion

of slavery

Democrats – Party of the “Common

Man” Andrew Jackson

Strict Construction (interpretation) can only do what is written in the

Constitution

Democratic-Republicans Jefferson, Madison

States rights

Federalists Adams, Hamilton

Strong Federal Govt

Loose Construction (interpretation) – Can do anything no forbidden in

the constitution

Early Foreign Policy

Washington’s Farewell Speech Message: Avoid Political Parties and Foreign alliances (Stay Neutral)

Monroe Doctrine Advised the European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere.:

Significant Supreme Court Cases

Marbury vs Madison

Dred Scott vs Sanford

Plessy vs Ferguson

Brown vs Board of Education

Page 11

The New Republic

Washington • Federal Judiciary Act – Washington establishes the

Supreme and Federal courts.

• Hamilton’s Financial plan – Taxes, Tariffs and a National Bank

• Whiskey Rebellion – the new government shows its strength putting down a Pennsylvania tax rebellion

• Farewell Speech – stay away from political parties and foreign alliances.

• Cotton Gin – this machine increased slaveryin the south

Adams

• Near war with France

• Abigail Adams – letter writing is a primary source for this period.

• Federalists – believed in a strong federal government

• Democratic – Republicans – believed the states should hold more power.

Jefferson

• Judicial review (John Marshall in Marbury v Madison) Supreme courts decisions are final.

• 1803 Louisiana Purchase by Jefferson from France; doubles the size of the country.

• Lewis and Clark – transcontinental exploration to the Pacific Ocean

Madison

• Impressment – kidnapping of sailors by the British

• War of 1812 – Washington burned. American manufacturing increases.

• Who wrote our national anthem? Francis Scott Key

• Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson) – An American victory against Britain.

Monroe

• Era of Good Feelings – Party differences fade. Country basks in Nationalism and Patriotism.

• Missouri Compromise – Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

• Monroe Doctrine – warns Europe to stay out of affairs in the Americas.

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3rd Term Auxiliary Review

• What is the name of our first, weak national government? Articles of Confederation.

• What did Shays’ rebellion make people aware of? Their need for a strong federal government.

• Delegates arrives in Philadelphia in 1787 for a Constitutional Convention.

• What is the overall political theory behind our government (hint: it means “rule by the people”)? Democracy

• What are the first three words in the Preamble to the Constitution? “We the People”

• Popular sovereignty means a government in which the people rule. This is also called “consent of the governed”. This fundamental principle is outlined in the Preamble to the Constitution, “We the People”. In a republic, citzens choose a representatives to act for them in government.

Separation of Powers divides our government into three branches. Fill in the government flow chart.

U. S. Federal Government

Judicial Branch Executive Branch Legislative Branch

Judges or interprets the laws

Enforces the laws Makes the laws

The Congress is made up of the Senate and the

House of Representatives

The President is the head of the

executive branch.

Judges of the Federal Court

Systems

• Checks and balances allows each branch to limit the power of the other two branches.

– Examples: The President can veto a bill

• The Congress can overide a presidential veto.

• The sharing of power between the state and federal governments is called Federalism.

• Example: Both can levy taxes but only states can establish schools.

• Constitutional Supremacy means the Constitution is the highest law in the U.S. The Supreme Court can use judicial review to declare a law unconstitutional.

Page 13

• A change to the Constitution is called an amendment. The process of approval, or Ratification of an amendment works like this:

• 1. it is proposed by a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress.

• 2. It is presented to the States.

• 3. An amendment is ratified when ¾ of the States approve.

• The Bill of Rights is the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution.

• It protects our individual rights. These rights include freedom of speech and religion as well as rights to an accused person such as due process and trial by jury.

List your 5 First Amendment Freedoms

• 1. Religion

• 2. Speech

• 3. Press

• 4. assembly

• 5. petition

• P279 Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan reflected his belief in a strong federal government. His plan included tariffs (taxes on imported goods) to pay off the national debt.

• P288 Hamilton became the head of the Federalist political party.

• Jefferson wanted to limit the powers of the Federal government and started the Democratic – Republican party

• P286 Washington, in his Farewell Address, urged the country to remain neutral in its foreign affairs and to avoid political parties.

• P301 The Supreme Court case that established the court’s power of judicial review is called Marbury v. Madison.

• Who was the Chief Justice? John Marshall

• P313 The causes of the War of 1812 include impressment, interference with American trade, and interference with North America.

• Our nation’s capital, Washington DC was burned and we won a land victory at New Orleans.

• P317 The effects (results) of the war included increased patriotism, U. S. manufacturing gres, North American resistance weakened and Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”.

• P343 The Monroe Doctrine warned Europeans to stay out of the affairs in the Western hemisphere

Page 14

• US Geography and Territorial Expansion Map

Page 15

4th Term Powerpoints (Economics)

• I. Territorial Expansion

• II. Economics in Early America

• Economics – the study of how products are made, marketed, distributed, and consumed.

• 1. Colonial Era – mercantilism – Great Britain (the mother country) controlled trade with the colonies. The colonies resented this economic control. Boycotts were often effective ways of Colonists showing their anger.

• 2. 1776 to the present – Capitalism, or free enterprise – people buy, sell, and trade with a minimum of government interference. Supply and demand.

• 3. Hamilton’s Financial Plan –

• Taxes – government revenue (money)

• Tariffs – taxes on imports

• National Bank – a place to keep the revenues and do the nation’s business.

• 4. Economic Results of the War of 1812 – American Manufacturing increases.

• 5. The Cotton Gin – Slavery and cotton production boom in the South. An agricultural revolution.

• 6. The American System – Congressional plan to build national transportation projects (National Road, Erie Canal, etc.). The money to build would be raised by tariffs (taxes on imported goods). Problem: Tariffs primarily hurt the South which was more dependent on imports than the industrial North.

Page 16

• III. The Industrial Revolution

• Industrialization – Jobs performed by hand are now done by machines.

• Urbanization – the movement of people to the cities.

• Immigration – movement of people from one country to another,

Social Problems

• Workplace Conditions – Poor, unsanitary, unsafe, no government control

• Living Conditions – ghettos, slums

• Sanitary concerns – no sewage or clean water standards.

• Alcoholism…

• Samuel Slater – built the first US factory

• Lowell Mills – Their workforce was mainly country girls

• Eli Whitney – interchangeable parts and the cotton gin.

• Interchangeable parts – allowed for mass production and lower prices.

• Robert Fulton – 1st successful steamboat. (The Clermont)

• Samuel F. B. Morse – Morse code for the telegraph

• John Deere – Steel-tipped plow.

Page 17

Topics and Biographies for Reformers