ssn 1987-6890 · potencialis zegavlena biznes-infrastruqturis srulyofaze 24 auditi dezdemona...
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ISSN 1987-6890
saerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali
International Scientific-Analytical Journal
2
2 0 1 5
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
1
UDC33 E e-49
ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti paata guguSvilis ekonomikis instituti
ekonomisti saerTaSoriso samecniero-analitikuri Jurnali
gamodis 2009 wlis ianvridan
aprili maisi ivnisi 2
2015
mTavari redaqtori ramaz abesaZe samecniero-saredaqcio kolegia:
akademikosebi:
vladimer papava, avTandil silagaZe. saq. mec. erovnuli akademiis wevr-korespondenti
leo Ciqava.
ekonomikur mecnierebaTa doqtorebi: iuri ananiaSvili, rozeta asaTiani, givi bedianaSvili, Temur beriZe, giorgi berula-va, vaxtang burduli, revaz gvelesiani, revaz gogoxia, revaz kakulia, Temur kandelaki, murman kvaracxelia, alfred kurataSvili, iakob mesxia, elguja meqvabiSvili, solomon pavliaSvili, uSangi samadaSvili, roland sarCimelia, avTandil sulaberiZe, Temur Sengelia, Tina CxeiZe, nodar WiTanava, eTer xaraiSvili, mixeil jibuti.
ekonomikis doqtorebi: nanuli arevaZe, Tamila arnania-kepulaZe, nana bibilaSvili, badri geCbaia, merab gvelesiani, Salva gogiaSvili, lina daTunaSvili, gulnaz erqomaiSvili, eTer kakulia, nazira kakulia, anzor kurataSvili, Tea lazaraSvili (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), iza naTelauri, dali soloRaSvili, nodar xaduri, mamuka xuskivaZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), revaz javaxiSvili.
ucxoeli wevrebi: ana axvlediani (didi britaneTi, pasuxismgebeli mdivani ucxoeTSi), larisa belinskaia (litva), eldar ismailovi (azerbaijani), gindra kasnauskiene (litva), daviT kurtaniZe (aSS, mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), vladimer menSikovi (latvia), mixeil roketliSvili (aSS), galina savina (ukraina), slavomir particki (poloneTi), dimitri sorokini (ruseTi).
Tamar dadiani (pasuxismgebeli mdivani)
Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis principiT. redaqciis Sexeduleba SesaZloa ar emTxveodes avtoris azrs da igi pasuxs ar agebs informaciis sizusteze.
Tbilisi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
2
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Paata Gugushvili Institute of Economics
EKONOMISTI International Scientific-Analytical Journal
Published from January 2009
April May June 2
2015
Editor-in-Chief Ramaz Abesadze SCIENTIFIC-EDITORIAL BOARD:
ACADEMICIAN OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:
Vladimer Papava, Avtandil Silagadze CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF GEORGIA:
Leo Chikava, DOCTORS OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES: Iuri Ananiashvili, Roseta Asatiani, Givi Bedianashvili, Temur Beridze, Giorgi Berulava, Vakhtang Burduli, Nodar Chitanava, Tina Chkheidze, Revaz Gvelesiani, Revaz Gogokhia, Mikhail Jibuti, Revaz Kakulia, Temur Kandelaki, Eter Kharaishvili, Mu rman Kvaratskhelia, Alfred Kuratashvili, Jakob Meskhia, Elguja Mekvabishvili, Solomon Pavliashvili, Ushangi Samadashvili, Roland Sarchimelia, Temur Shengelia, Avtandil Sulaberidze. DOCTORS OF ECONOMICS:
Nanuli Arevadze, Tamila Arnania-Kepuladze, Nana Bibilashvili, Lina Datunashvili, Gulnaz Erkomaishvili, Badri Gechbaia, Shalva Gogiashvili, Merab Gvelesiani, Revaz Javakhishvili, Nazira Kakulia, Eteri Kakulia, Anzor Kuratashvili, Tea Lazar ashvili (deputy editor-in-chief), Iza Natelauri, Nodar Khaduri, Mamuka Khuskivadze (deputy editor-in-chief), Dali Sologhashvili. FOREIGN MEMSERS:
Larisa Belinskaja (Lithuania), Eldar Ismailov (Azerbaijan), Gindra Kasnauskiene (Lithuania), David Kurtanidze (USA, deputy editor-in-chief abroad), Vladimir Menshikov (Latvia), Slawomir Partycki (Poland), Mikhail Roketlishvili (USA), Gal ina Savina (Ukraine), Dmitri Sorokin (Russia).
Tamar Dadiani (executive secretary) The journal follows the principles of free press. The views of editorial board do not necessarily reflect author's option and it accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of information.
Tbilisi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
3
s a r C e v i
saerTaSoriso vaWroba
iuri prisiaJniuki, irina prixodvo _ aratarifuli barierebi
saerTaSoriso vWrobaSi da ekonomikuri integraciis procesi
6
finansebi
irine mamalaZe, aleqsandre xvedeliani _ sarisko kapitalis
ganviTarebis etapebi
13
nino qavTaraZe _ pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi 20
turizmi
dali CaxvaSvili, naTela kakauriZe _ saqarTvelos turistuli
potencialis zegavlena biznes-infrastruqturis srulyofaze
24
auditi
dezdemona maRlakeliZe, naTela vaSakiZe _ auditoruli saqmianobis
Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi
30
magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi
ekaterine SainiZe _ sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi
Sesrulebis strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi
37
Tamar maRalaSvili _ momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis
kriteriumebi
44
irma guraSvili _ marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi 49
mariam giorgaZe, rusudan sirbilaZe _ erovnuli Semosavlis
gamoTvla da turizmi 61
xatia udesiani _ Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria 71
merab comaia _ saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi 79
Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili _ drois menejmenti da misi
gavlena karieruli warmatebis miRwevaze 84
Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili _ festivalebis roli qarTuli
turizmis ganviTarebaSi 90
siaxle
95
informacia
98
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
4
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ
Присяжнук Юрий, Приходько Ирина – Нетарифные барьеры в международной
торговле и процессе экономической интеграции 6
ФИНАНСЫ
Мамаладзе Ирине, Хведелиани Александр – Этапы развития рискового капитала 13
Нино Кавтарадзе – Прямые иностранные инвестиции в Грузии 20
ТУРИЗМ
Чахвашвили Дали, Какауридзе Натела – Влияние туристического потенциала Грузии на совершенствование бизнес –инфраструктуры
24
АУДИТ
Маглакелидзе Дездемона, Вашакидзе Натела – Формирование аудиторской
деятельности в Грузии
30
НАУЧНЫЕ ТРУДЫ МАГИСТРАНТОВ И ДОКТОРАНТОВ
Шаинидзе Екатерина – Стратегия добровольного выполнения налоговых обязательств и ожидаемые результаты
37
Магалашвили Тамар – Критерии качество обслуживания 44
Гурашвили Ирма – Маркетинговая Стратегия в книжной торговле 49
Гиоргадзе Мариам, Сирбиладзе Русудан – Расчёт национального дохода и туризм
61
Удесиани Хатиа – Сильный регион основа для сильной страны 71
Цомаиа Мераб – Политические проблемы грузинской экономики 79
Томарадзе Тамара, Кандауришвили Лали – Менеджмент времени и его влияние
на успех в карьере
84
Сирадзе Тамара, Джимшелеишвили Елена – Роль фестивалев в развитии туризма
грузий
90
НОВШЕСТВО
95
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ
98
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
5
C O N T E N T S
INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Yuriy Prysiazhniuk, Iryna Prykhodko – Non-Tariff Barriers of International Trade and Economic Integration
6
FINANCE
Irine Mamaladze, Aleksandre Khvedeliani – The Stages of Risk Capital Development
13
Nino Kavtaradze – Foreign direct investments in Georgia 20
TOURISM
Dali Chakhvashvili, Natela Kakauridze– The influence of the tourist potential of Georgia to improve the business infrastructure
24
AUDIT
Desdemona Maghlakelidze, Natella Vashakidze – Georgia to establish audit
30
SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF UNDERGRADUATES AND DOCTORAL
STUDENTS
Ekaterine Shainidze – The Strategy of fulfilling Tax-Paying duties and its predictable results
37
Tamar Magalashvili – Service Quality Dimensions 44 Irma Gurashvili – Marketing strategy in the book trade 49 Mariam Giorgadze, Rusudan Sirbiladze – Calculation of National Income and Tourism
61
Khatia Udesiani – A strong region as a foundation for a strong country 71 MerabTsomaia – The Political Problems of Georgian Economy 79 Tamar Tomaradze, Lali Kandaurishvili – Time Management and its influence on career success
84
Tamar Siradze, Elene Jimsheleishvili – The role of Festivals in Development of Georgian Tourism
90
INNOVATION
95
INFORMATION 98
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
6
saerTaSoriso vaWroba
Yuriy Prysiazhniuk Doctor of economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of International
Relations and diplomatic service, Faculty of International Relations Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
Iryna Prykhodko assistant, Department of International Economic Relations, Faculty of
International Relations Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECON OMIC INTEGRATION
Abstract. Using of non-tariff measures in the international trade is fairly commonplace, because they appear to be the most effective tools to deny the access to markets due to the government subsidies, quantitative restrictions, licensing, quotas, administrative procedures, sanitary and technical standards etc.
The attitude towards the non-tariff instruments is rather contradictory: from one point of view, the World Trade Organization tries to minimize their usage, and another point of view - each country tries to apply them to protect their domestic market by encouraging the use of the economic and the administrative levers of export-import activities regulation.
Keyword: non-tariff barriers, international trade, international economic integration, political and economic barriers, trade barriers, trade war, technical measures.
Analysis of recent research. The theoretical aspects of tariff and non-tariff barriers are investigated in the works of such scientists as A. Hrebelnyk, D. Lukyanenko, N. Naumenko, V. Golubev, N. Gorin, Ruth F., R. Baldwin, A. Deardorf and others.
Purpose of the study is to form a set of scientific and methodological foundations and non-tariff barriers contents of international trade. The comparison of existing classifications of the non-tariff measures and to identify the dependence of the international economic integration on non-tariff barriers.
Statement of the main material. The simplest definition of "non-tariff barriers" means all trade restrictions that are not tariffs.
R. Baldwin (1989) in his study described four methods of the non-tariff barriers measuring [1]. R. Baldwin (1982) considered the implementation of political factors of the trade protection by the state, while A. Hilman (1982)[3], S. Madgee, V. Brock and L. Young (1989) [7] investigated how political factors can affect on trade. In the research "Declining industry and the political motives of protectionism" (1982) A. Hilman highlighted the trade protection benefits with regard to political influence
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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on state regulation of the economy. Next work of A. Hilman (1985) was devoted to the political decision in the selection of the protectionist policy tools.
Edward E. Leamer (1986) [5] is one of the leading researchers of the trade barriers effects. In some studies that E. Leamer began in 1986 and submitted the study in more details in 1990, the theoretical foundations of empirical models are described and the application of econometric models to calculate the effects of trade barriers are covered.
In 1990 E. Leamer determined the trade barriers effects based on the import barriers differences. Although the studies of E. Leamer were detailed but not without drawbacks, one of these was the inability to determine the volume and structure of mutual trade. That is, this model can be used to determine the net trade flows but empirically the trade barriers’ impact on gross imports requires some additional investigation. Consequently, an empirical model of E. Leamer is confirmed only by free theoretical assumptions.
In 1987 R. Lowrence was the first who used a model of monopolistic competition to predict the volume of trade and to use the disaggregation of production data and trade flows to determine the country and the industry that significantly differ from the assumptions of the model. In general, it can be noted that R. Lowrence did not calculate trade barriers, but only pointed in his studies on their impact on imports.
J. Lee and F. Swagel (1995) continued the investigation of trade barriers within the theory of monopolistic competition. They explored the impact of trade barriers in more countries than did Harrihan. However, they focused more on the political and economic determinants of non-tariff barriers than on the impact of protective measures (tariff and non-tariff) on the trade flows.
Jong-Wha Lee and Phillip Swagel in his book "Trade barriers and trade flows between countries and sectors" (1994) [4] noted that the effectiveness of free trade model and definition of trade barriers usually depend on political and economic reasons.
The investigation of J. Lee and F. Swagel was based on a study of P. Krugman and E. Helpman (1985), on the model of monopolistic competition, where the goods are not perfectly interchangeable and may differ by country of origin. The next assumption is similar tastes and preferences of consumers and the same consumption of each product in different countries. The model of monopolistic competition allows to predict the volume of trade in a situation where there are no trade barriers. The Helpman-Krugman model includes different measures of trade policy and points to the protectionism effects and welfare, production and trade flows of the country. However, using this model one can not determine whether the presence of trade barriers such as tariffs, non-tariff barriers will cause decrease in trading volumes.
In general, the international trade barriers are devided conditionally into two groups, the independent and the singled out by the way of the impact on trade flows. The first group - are different types of natural barriers, above all, the geographical
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
8
distance between countries, the transportation infrastructure etc. However due to the enhancing globalization and technological progress and tehnological impact of these barriers on the value of trade flows will decrease. The second group consists of various tools of foreign policy created by governments and directly affect the import level and export of goods. This group includes of measures of tariff and non-tariff regulation of foreign trade [2].
The degree of influence on foreign economic activity of non-tariff measures are divided into 4 groups: hard measures; moderate measures; "irritative"measures; measures the degree of their forbiddance which can not be established [4].
I. Dumoulin distinguishes restrictives measures in such way: - non-tariff barriers, specially created for the regulation of foreign trade
(prohibitions, quotas, licensing, voluntary export restraints, etc.); - non-tariff barriers that arise as a result of technical policy, the
implementation of financial and administrative arrangements etc. - non-tariff charges, financial arrangements, sliding taxes, additional customs
duty, anti-dumping and countervailing duties, frontier taxation; - restrictive practices of government agencies; - subsidies and other grants, protectionist system of distribution of government
contracts, regional development policy of providing benefits to regions etc .; - customs procedures and formalities, if any additional barriers to trade
(customs valuation, customs classification system for their free use); - technical barriers, sanitary and veterinary norms and standards, industry
standards and safety requirements, requirements for packaging and labeling, trademarks if they discriminate foreign products or create barriers to trade [2].
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD distinguishes between "non-tariff measures" and "non-tariff barriers", where the first one is a general concept. Measures include any tools that have the effect of limiting or can be used as a restriction, even though it is not their main feature [10].
UNCTAD focuses on the non-tariff measures and their impact on trade and development in the first half of the 1980s. In 1994 it began to develop the classification of non-tariff barriers, based on previously established classification UNCTAD trade control measures, which are grouped in 8 steps groups, which are divided into over 100 categories: tariff measures; measures of price control; financial measures;
Another classification of non-tariff barriers UNCTAD divided into: 1) basic measures (measures created to protect domestic producers): price
control measures; financial activities; quantitative control measures; monopolistic activities;
2) non-basic activities (measures to protect domestic consumers), automatic licensing measures; technical measures; return guarantee deposit for sensitive products;
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
9
5) prohibition of automatic licensing arrangements; 6) quantitative control measures; 7) monopolistic activities; 8) technical barriers: import sensitive goods [11]. In 2007-2012 UNCTAD described and systematized main non-tariff barriers,
resulting in the new classification agreed number of international organizations (group MAST - Multy Agency Support Team, which includes FAO, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, UNCTAD, UNIDO, IMF, the World Bank, WTO).
The non-tariff trade barriers are grouped in three areas: technical, non-technical and exports measures for that are divided into groups and subgroups. The classification of non-tariff barriers (16 groups) are marked by letters of the alphabet from «A» to «P». They cover all areas of non-tariff regulation.
The political barrier is the degree of political differences, legislation, regulatory functions and mechanisms of the state, the stability of the political system and so on. The size of socio-cultural barrier shows different traditions, social organization of society, language and others. The economic barrier indicates the relative difference in economic conditions between regions market, demand, competition, rate of return of capital etc. Finally, geographical barriers are associated with differences climate conditions: temperature, time mode etc.
The political barriers components are the same as regular components of the economic barrier: customs regime, the cost of crossing the border, taxation, annual retail turnover, absolute and relative measure (in all respects and in different years); FDI per capita; gross added value per person; loans per person; population etc.
Another specific barrier is the trade war. E. Mytareva [8] gives the definition of it as a retail trade war between two or more countries the aim of which is to capture foreign markets or preventing the national economy trade "occupation".
We will try to match the political and economic barriers and the degree of international economic integration using a matrix method. Each side of our matrix will have three positions. Assume the current three levels of political and economic barriers: high political and economic barriers (I); average politico-economic barriers (II); low political-economic barriers (III);
Integration strategy (stage of international economic integration) denote: complete international economic integration (III); partial international economic integration (II); initial international economic integration (I) (Table 1).
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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Table 1 Political-economic barriers’ influence on international economic process
low political-economic barrier
ІІІ + ІІІ = economic union
ІІІ + ІІ = ustom union
ІІІ + І = The Association Agreement (European Agreement)
average politico-economic barriers
ІІ + ІІІ = common market
ІІ +ІІ = free trade area
ІІ + І = The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
high politico-economic barrier
І + ІІІ = 0 І + ІІ = preferential agreement
І + І = The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
complete international economic integration
partial international economic integration
initial international economic integration
Made by authors Based on available positions, we will build a matrix with quadrants where the
level of political and economic barriers are shown and the barrier height determine the number of available political and economic barriers to be overcome for a country that is integrating; and horizontally - the stage position of international economic integration.
References
1. Baldwin R. E. Measuring nontariff trade policies.-National bureau of economic research.- 1989.- May.-Work. Papers №2978.
2. Dumoulin J. I. The World Trade Organization. - M .: Economics. -2003.- p.149-150. 3. Hillman A. Declining Industries and Political-Support Protectionist Motives // American
Economic Review, 1982, Vol.72, №5,December.- pp.1180-1187. 4. Jong-Wha Lee, Phillip Swagel. Trade Barriers and Trade Trade Flows Across Countries and
Industries // Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.- 1995. - July. № 476. 5. Leamer E. Cross Section Estimation of the Effects of Trade Barriers.-Department of Economics,
UCLA..- 1986.- September. - №417. 6. Letov V. A. The main approaches to the classification of non-tariff measures and restrictions on
world trade // Business Law. - 2010. - №5. - pp.190-192. 7. Magee, Stephen, William Brock and Leslie Young. Black Hole Tariffs and Endogenous Policy
Theory, Cambridge Universiry Press. – 1989.
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8. Mytareva, E. A. The "trade war" as a means of the international trade non-tariff regulation. [Electr. resource]. – Retrieved from: http://vestnik.kemsu.ru/Content/journals/201011/74-77_Мытарева.pdf.
9. Orlova, V.N. The non-tariff barriers in the international trade: an attempt of the conceptual evaluation. [Electr. resource]. – Retrieved from: www.library.ukma.kiev.ua/e-lib/N2/NZV19_2001_economy/14_orlova_vm.pdf.
10. The development of the evolution and trends of the international trading system. - The United Nations. Geneva. – 2012. - 17-18 September. – 25p.
11. UNCTAD Coding System of Trade Control Measures (2012). [Electr. resource]. –– Retrieved from:http://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/docs/UNCTAD%20Coding%20System%20of%20Trade%20Control%20Measures.docx.
iuri prisaJniuki emd, saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis fakultetis profesori,
ivan frankos saxelobis erovnuli universiteti, ukraina.
irina prixodvo saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis kaTedris asistenti,
ivan frankos saxelobis erovnuli universiteti, ukraina. aratarifuli barierebi saerTaSoriso vWrobaSi da
ekonomikuri integraciis procesi
anotacia
aratarifuli zomebis gamoyeneba saerTaSoriso vaWrobaSi
Cveulebrivi movlenaa, radganac isini warmoadgenen SedarebiT
efeqtur instruments bazrebze SeRwevadobis daxurvisaTvis sam-
Tavrobo subsidiebis gziT, raodenobrivi SezRudvebi, licenzi-
reba, qvotebi, administraciuli procedurebi, sanitaruli da
teqnikuri normebi da a.S.
aratarifuli instrumentebisadmi midgoma sakmaod winaaRmde-
gobrivia: erTi mxriv, msoflio savaWro organizacia cdilobs
minimumamde daiyvanos maTi gamoyeneba, meore mxriv ki, TiToeuli
qveyana cdilobs gamoiyenos isini da daicvas Tavisi Sida bazari,
da waaxalisos amiT ekonomikuri da administraciuli berketebiT
eqsport-importis operaciebis regulirebas.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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Присяжнюк Юрий Доктор экономических наук, профессор факультета Международных отношений,
Национальный университет Львова им. Ивана Франко. Украина Приходько Ирина
ассистент кафедры Международных экономических отношений Национальный университет Львова им. Ивана Франко. Украина
НЕТАРИФНЫЕ БАРЬЕРЫ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ И
ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ Аннотация
Использование нетарифных мер в международной торговле довольно обычным явлением, потому что они являются наиболее эффективными инструментами для закры-тия доступа к рынкам через правительственные субсидии, количественные ограничения, лицензирование, квотирование, административные процедуры, санитарные и технические нормы и т.д.
Отношение к нетарифным инструментам довольно противоречивое: с одной точки зрения, Всемирная торговая организация пытается свести к минимуму их исполь-зование, с другой точки зрения - каждая страна пытается применить их и защитить свой внутренний рынок, поощряя использование экономических и административных рычагов регулирования экспортно-импортных операций.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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finansebi
irine mamalaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri
universitetis
asocirebuli profesori,
aleqsandre xvedeliani
kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetis
doqtoranti
sarisko kapitalis ganviTarebis etapebi
sarisko kapitalis daniSnulebaa iseTi kompaniis amoqmdeba
da zrda-ganviTareba, romelic originalurobisa da unikalu-
robis matarebelia. im ideis sicocxlisunarianoba, romlis
xorcSesxmasac xsenebuli kapitali emsaxureba, jer kidev ar aris
dadasturebuli bazris mier. amdenad, sarisko kapitali aqtua-
luri xdeba iq, sadac erTgavri eqsperementi da riskia.
sarisko kapitalidan mogebas investori iRebs, rogorc wesi,
ara perioduli dividendebis saxiT, aramed im biznesSi Tavisi
wilis erTjeradi gayidvis saxiT, romelic Casaxvis stadiaze
daafinansa man. is kompaniebi, romlebmac sarisko kapitali SeiZ-
leba moizidon, SeiZleba iyos:
Seed _ am stadiaze kompania jer kidev ar arsebobs. momzade-
bulia mxolod proeqti an arsebobs biznesidea, romelic unda
dafinansdes saWiro kvlevebis Casatareblad an axali nakeTobis
(proeqtis) nimuSis dasamzadeblad, vidre mis bazazre gaitandnen.
Starta Up _ esaa ukve Seqmnili kompania, romelsac jer saku-
Tari `istoria~ ara aqvs bazarze. igi saxsrebs izidavs samecnie-
ro-kvleviTi samuSaoebis Casatareblad da bazarze gasasvlelad.
Expansion _ kompania erTi xania ukve funqcionirebs da saris-
ko kapitali mas esaWiroba warmoebis moculobis gasafarToeb-
lad, damatebiTi kvlevebis Casatareblad da a.S.
Exit _ investorebi yidian TavianT kuTvnil aqciaTa paketebs
an wils kapitalSi da toveben sawarmos.
aRsaniSnavia, rom im pirvel kompaniad, romelic sarisko da-
finansebis wyalobiT Seiqmna, feirCaild semikondaqtors miiC-
neven, romelic 1959 w. daafuZna firma venrok esouSeitsma.
sarisko kapitali mWidro kavSirSia teqnologiurad novato-
rul sawarmoebTan. Tavdapirvelad sarisko kapitali Tavmoyrili
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
14
iyo ganviTarebisa da gafarToebis stadiaze myof kompaniebSi.
isini iyenebdnen eleqtronul da sainformacio teqnologiebSi,
agreTve, medicinis sferoSi arsebul miRwevebs. amis gamo sarisko
(venCuruli) dafinanseba teqnologiebis dafinansebis sinonimad
iqca.
1974 w. venCurulma firmebma daqveiTeba ganicades, rac sa-
fondo birJis moSlam ganapiroba. 1978 wlidan am mxriv didi
aRmavloba daiwyo da sarisko kapitalis dabandebidan miRebulma
wliurma mogebam 750 mln dolari Seadgina [1].
1983 w. aRiniSna sarisko kapitalis matebis bumi. dRes
warmatebiT moRvawe umsxvilesi amerikuli firmebis didi nawili
swored am welsaa dasaqmebuli. Tumca, mravali menejeris gamouc-
delobis gamo, maT mier gamomuSavebuli sargebeli mTlianobaSi
mainc Zalian mcire iyo. venCuruli firmebi am periodSi sagrZ-
noblad kvecavdnen danaxarjebs da bevr Zalisxmevas axmardnen
imas, rom kompaniebi warmatebuli gaexadaT.
1990-iani wlebis bolo kaliforniaSi ganTavsebuli venCuru-
li firmebis didi aRmavlobis xanaa, rac 2003 wlamde gagrZelda.
amerikis safondo birJis (NASDAQ) `CamoSlam~ mravali sarisko
fondis ryevebi gamoiwvia, ramac 2005 w. Suaxanebamde gastana.
Semdgom, internetkompaniebis saqmianobis gamoco-cxlebam venCuru-
li industriis axali aRmavloba gamoiwvia, rasac 2008 w. dawye-
bulma krizisma SeuSala xeli.
inovaciuri sawarmoebis umravlesoba iwyeba iseTi mcire da
kerZo sawarmoebis saxiT, romelSic erTi adamiani an adamianTa
jgufi formaluri nabijebis gadadgmas iwyebs raime mimzidveli
ideis xorcSesasxmelad. amis Semdeg inovaciuri sawarmoebis
ganviTarebis konkretuli Taviseburebebis ganmsazRvrelia:
• produqtis damuSavebisaTvis saWiro Tavdapirveli danaxar-
jebis moculoba;
• am produqtis bazris ganviTarebisa da bazarze gasvli-
saTvis saWiro periodis xangrZlivoba.
ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze myofi inovaciuri sawarmos
fuladi saxsrebis moZraobisa da dafinansebis wyaroebis grafiki
Semdegi saxis SeiZ-leba iyos (sur. 1).
gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa sarisko investirebis dinamika
2011-2012 wlebSi, roca TvalSi sacemi mateba iyo sawarmoebis
ganviTarebis yvela stadiaze, gviani stadiis garda. rogorc eqs-
pertebi miuTiTeben, kapitalidan SedarebiT naadrevad gamosvla
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
15
imis SesaZleblobas uqmnis venCurul fondebs, rom Tanxebi daub-
runon invetorebs, Seqmnan dadebiTi istoria da axal fondebs
gaukeTon organizeba [3].
rodesac venCurul saqmianobaze saubroben, gulisxmoben
venCurul investorebs (romlebic abandeben sakuTar an nasesxeb
saxsrebs), venCurul fondebs (romlebic ramdenime investoris
saxsrebs uyrian Tavs), venCurul mmarTvel kompaniebs (romlebic
yvelaze ufro momgebian produqtebs amoarCeven da maTSi aban-
deben venCuruli fondebis saxrebs) da venCurul sawarmoebs
(romlebic venCurul investiciebs iReben). venCuruli sainvesti-
cio saqmianobis elementebis urTierTqmedebis sistemis genezisi
venCuruli investorebisa da recipientebis ubralo TanamSrom-
lobidan ufro rTul struqturamde me-2 suraTzea naCvenebi [4].
sadReisod msoflioSi venCuruli kapitalis sami ZiriTadi
bazari funqcionirebs aSS da kanada; evropa; samxreT-aRmosav-
leT azia. evropul bazrad dasavleT evropas gulisxmoben xol-
me, Tumca, investorTa sul ufro mzardi yuradReba centraluri
da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebs eTmoba. perspeqtiulad iTvleba
aseve, izraelis, indoeTisa da avstraliis bazrebi [5]. rogorc
fulad
i sax
sreb
is
nakadeb
i
grantebi, damfuZneblebi
`CaTesva~
biznes-angelozebi
starti
sarisko fondebis saxsrebi
adresuli zrda
birJebi, moklevadiani kreditebi
gafarToeba
ganviTarebis etapebi
sur.1. proeqtis ganviTarebis etapebi, dafinansebis wyaroebi da fiannsuri saxsrebis nakadebi [2; gv.17]
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
16
Cans, venCuruli kapitalis ganviTareba momavalSi swored am re-
gionebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli. ufro dawvrilebiT SevexoT
venCuruli kapitalis bazris ganviTarebas dasavleT evropaSi.
kerZo saaqcio kapitali dasavleT evropaSi 1980-iani wlebis
bolos gamoCnda da aqaurma perspqtiulma firmebma 80 mlrd eki-
uze meti venCuruli kapitali miiRes. ukve XXI s. pirvel wlebSi
evrokavSirSi daaxloebiT 1000 specializebuli venCuruli fondi
moqmedebda, romlebic 10000-ze met kompaniaSi axdenen investi-
rebas. venCuruli fondebis mier investiciebis akumulirebaTa mo-
culobebi me-3 suraTzea warmodgenili [6, gv. 47].
1990-ian wlebSi evropaSi venCuruli dafinansebis ganviTa-
rebas axasiaTebda axali venCuruli regionebis warmoqmna da ganm-
tkiceba. kerZod, fineTSi praqtikulad nulidan Seiqmna aTobiT
amgvari kompania da damuSavda mTeli rigi axali satelekomunika-
cio teqnologiebi, ramac saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mxridan
didma mxardaWeram Seuwyo xeli. meore aseTi regionia safran-
geTis samxreTSi mdebare q. nicas raioni. Taviseburi `zonebia~
Seq-mnili gfr-Si, italiaSi, niderlandebSi da espaneTSi. axali
venCuruli investori
sur.2. venCuruli saqmianobis elementebis urTierTqmedebis ganviTareba istoriul WrilSi
venCuruli investori
1 etapi: XXs. I
naxevramde
venCuruli investorebi
venCuruli investorebi
venCuruli fondi
venCuruli sawarmoebi
venCuruli investori
venCuruli investori
mmarTveli kompania
2 etapi: XXs. 60-iani
wlebi
1 etapi: XXs. 80-iani
wlebi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
17
teqnologiebis centrebi viTardeba sloveniaSi, CexeTSi, ungreTsa
da poloneTSi. erTgvari bumis wlebSi aq Camoyalibda Tval-
saCino internetindustria, romelic venCuruli bazrebis zrda-
ganviTarebas eyrdnoba.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. История развития и особенности венчурного инвестирования в странах мира. www. globfin.ru/articles/venture/ventin.htm
2. Финансирование инновационного развития. Обзор ЕЭК и ООН, Нью-Иорк и Женева, 2007
3. Аналитика РВК. Обзор первых двух кварталов 2012г. URL: http://www. rusventure.ru/ ru/ pogrmm/analytics/docs MoneyTree_9months 2012_rus_web.pdf
4. О.Ф. Малашенкова Венчурное инвестирование в мире. elib.bsu/bitsream/123456789 /5195/1/ malashenkoba_2009_6_IER_issues.pdf
5. Дворжак И. Венчурный капитал в ЦВЕ. www.bre.ru/risk-/9095.html 6. О.Ф. Малашенкова Венчурное финансирование иннвестиционного развития мировой экономики. Банкаускi вестнiк. Верасен, 2012.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
18
irine mamalaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri
universitetis
asocirebuli profesori,
aleqsandre xvedeliani
kavkasiis saerTaSoriso universitetis
doqtoranti
sarisko kapitalis ganviTarebis etapebi
anotacia
sarisko kapitalis daniSnulebaa iseTi kompaniis amoqmdeba
da zrda-ganviTareba, romelic originalurobisa da unikalu-
robis matarebelia. sarisko kapitali aqtualuria iq, sadac erT-
gvari eqsperimenti da riskia.
sarisko kapitali mWidro kavSirSia teqnologiurad novato-
rul, inovaciur sawarmoebTan. maTi umravlesoba iwyeba iseTi
mcire da kerZo sawarmeobis saxiT, romlebmac mimzidvel ideebs
unda Seasxan xorci.
rodesac sarisko (venCurul) saqmianobaze saubroben, gulis-
xmoben venCurul investorebs, venCurul fondebs, venCurul
mmarTvel kompaniebsa da venCurul sawarmoebs.
Мамаладзе Ирине Технический университет Грузии, Ассоцированный Профессор,
Хведелиани Александр Докторант Кавказского международного университета
ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РИСКОВОГО КАПИТАЛА Аннотация
Целью рискового капитала является задействование и развитие такой
компании которая выделяется оригинальностью и уникальностью. Рисковой капитал актуален там, где существует своего рода эксперимент и риск.
Рисковый капитал тесно связан с технологически инновационными предприятиями. Большинство из них начмнало с малых и частных предприятий которые призваны воплотить привлекательные идеи.
Говоря о рысковой (венчурной) деятельности, подразумевают венчурных инвесторов, венчурные фонды, венчурные компании и венчурные предприятия.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
19
Irine Mamaladze Georgian Technical University, Associate Professor,
Aleksandre Khvedeliani Doctorant
THE STAGES OF RISK CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT Annotation
Risk capital is intended to set up and develop such companies which are
characterised by originality and uniqueness. Risk capital is actual where some kind of experiment and risk exist.
Risk capital is in close connection with technologically innovative enterprises most of them begin with small and private enterprises which must realize attractive ideas. When speaking about risk (venture) activity it means venture investors, venture funds, venture managing companies and venture enterprises.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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nino qavTaraZe biznesis administrirebis akademiuri doqtori
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi
investicia warmoadgens fulad saSualebebs, fasian qaRaldebs,
miznobriv sabanko Senatanebs, kreditebs, teqnologiebs, manqanebs,
licenziebs, sxva qonebriv uflebebs da inteleqtualur faseu-
lobebs, romlebsac abandeben mewarmeebi biznesSi socialur-
ekonomikuri sargeblis miRebis mizniT [1, gv. 392].
rogorc cnobilia, nebismieri qveynisTvis, da gansakuTrebiT
saqarTvelosTvis, pirdapiri investiciebi gamorCeul adgils
ikavebs, radgan ,,aris dabandeba warmoebaSi anda aqtivSi, romelic
saSualebas aZlevs investors, gaakontrolos sawarmos saqmianoba
da uzrunvelyofen kompaniis aqciebis 50 procentze metis flobas.
ucxouri investiciebis saerTaSorisod miRebuli klasifikaciiT,
pirdapir investiciebs ganekuTvneba investiciebi, romlis Sedegadac
investori Rebulobs sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalis aranakleb 10
procentian wils. am SemTxvevaSi investors eZleva SesaZlebloba,
miiRos uSualo monawileoba sawarmos marTvaSi“ [1, gv. 393].
qveyanaSi moziduli pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi mis
politikur da ekonomikur mdgradobaze miuTiTebs da amiT eko-
nomikis Semdgom ganviTarebas uzrunvelyofs, naTlad gviCvenebs
moziduli saxsrebis odenobas da im efeqts, romelic sxvadasxva
seqtorSi maTi gadanawilebiT iqna miRebuli.
RonisZiebebma, romlebic saqarTveloSi investiciebis mozidvis
mimarTulebiT mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad gatarda, Seqmna
investorTa dainteresebis realuri safuZveli.
miRwevebi, romlebic dResdReobiT amis Tqmis safuZvels
gvaZlevs, Semdegia:
– sagadasaxado reJimis liberalizacia da sagadasaxado
tvirTis Semcireba;
– biznesis wamowyebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebasTan
dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gamartiveba, raSic aseve udavod
moiazreba biurokratizmis mkveTri Semcireba;
– sakanonmdeblo bazis daxvewa da misi misadageba evropis
standartebTan;
– ekonomikis stabilizacia da misi uwyveti ganviTareba;
– korufciis aRmofxvra;
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
21
– finansuri stabiluroba;
– mimzidveli geografiuli mdebareoba;
– politikuri stabiluroba;
– sasamarTlos damoukideblobis uzrunvelyofa.
zemoaRniSnuli dadebiTi tendenciebis Sedegia 2014 wels
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis maCvenebeli, romel-
mac ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros monacemebiT
1,272 mln aSS dolari Seadgina da mkveTrad gadaaWarba 2013 da 2012
wlis maCvenebels, Sesabamisad 35.1 da 39.6 %-iT.
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi dargobriv WrilSi Semdegi
saxiT warmogvidgeba:
– transporti da kavSirgabmulobad 343 mln dolari;
– mSeneblobad 295 mln dolari;
– damamuSavebeli mrewvelobad 174 mln dolari;
– energetikad 99 mln dolari;
– uZravi qonebad 87 mln dolari.
da a.S.
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli investiciebis moculobis
sididis mxriv pirvel sameulSi warmodgenilia Semdegi qveynebi:
1. niderlandebid 331,2 mln dolari;
2. azrbaijanid 302,1 mln dolari;
3. CineTid194,9 mln dolari [2].
,,pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis zrda aris Sedegi im
ekonomikuri politikis, romelsac saqarTvelos mTavroba axor-
cielebs, moxsnilia wnexi biznesze da saqarTveloSi aris Seqmnili
yvela piroba imisTvis, rom ganxorcieldes investiciebi da in-
vestorebma miiRon Sesabamisi mogeba TavianT ganxorcielebul
samewarmeo saqmianobaze, ris Sedegadac, ra Tqma unda, saqarTvelo
miiRebs pirdapir sargebels“ [3].
saxelmwifo sainvesticio programebi unda efuZnebodes wi-
naswar warmoebul da mravalgzis gaanalizebul gaTvlebs, raTa
sworad moxdes miznebis, xarjebis dafinansebis wyaroebis, formebis
da, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, saboloo Sedegis swori gansazRvra.
am kuTxiT aucilebelia saxelmwifos mier zustad ganisazRvros
prioritetuli mimarTulebebi, romelTa SerCevaSic upiratesad
unda iqnes gamokveTili Cveni qveynis konkurentunarianoba msoflio
bazarze, garkveulwilad, saqarTveloSi upiratesobebi SenarCu-
nebulia Semdeg mimarTulebebSi: turizmi, kvebis mrewveloba, ener-
getika, warmoebis sfero, infrastruqtura, transporti da
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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kavSirgabmuloba, uZravi qoneba, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika-teq-
nologiebi da a.S.
investiciebze, gansakuTrebiT ki ucxour investiciebze
saubrisas yuradReba unda gamaxvildes upiratesad mrewvelobis
dargebis grZelvadian investirebaze. ucxouri investiciebis saSua-
lebiT miRebuli mTeli sikeTe saqarTveloSi warmoebis zrdis
samsaxurSi unda iqnes Cayenebuli [4, gv. 161]. aqve aRsaniSnavia
saqarTveloSi centrsa da regionebs Soris ganviTarebis doneTa
mkveTri diferenciacia, rac udavod miuTiTebs sainvesticio
politikaSi dResdReobiT arsebul xarvezebze.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. mesxia i. saerTaSoriso finansebi, Tb., 2012.
2. saqarTvelos ekonomiksa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro
3. qavTaraZe i.d http://www.economy.ge/ge/media/news/saqarTveloSi
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 2014 wels 39 procentiT
gaizarda.
4. qavTaraZe n. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis
zrdis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, disertacia, Tb., 2008.
nino qavTaraZe biznesis administrirebis akademiuri doqtori
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi
anotacia
statiaSi ganxilulia investiciis arsi, gansakuTrebuli yurad-
Rebaa gamaxvilebuli ucxour investiciebze, saqarTvelosTvis maTi
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare. aRniSnulia is Zi-
riTadi miRwevebi, romlebmac am mimarTulebiT Cvens qveyanas da-
debiTi Sedegi moutana, am yvelafris dasturad moyvanilia ofi-
cialuri cifrobrivi monacemebi 2012-2014 wlebSi saqarTveloSi
ganxorcielebul ucxour investiciebTan dakavSirebiT, aseve, 2014
wels maTi gadanawileba dargobriv WrilSi da investiciebis
ganmaxorcielebeli qveynebis umsxvilesi sameuli. warmodgenilia
garkveuli rekomendaciebi am kuTxiT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis
mizniT.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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Кавтарадзе Нино Академический доктор бизнес администрирования
ПРЯМЫЕ ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИИ В ГРУЗИИ Аннотация
В статье рассмотрена суть инвестиции, особое внимание обращена на
иностранные инвестиции, так как для Грузии они имеют особое значение. Отмечены те основные достижения, которые принесли позитивный резултат к подтверждению этому приведены официальные цифровые данные 2012-2014 годов, в связи с осуществлением иностранных инвестиции в Грузии. Также в 2014 году их перераспределение в отраслевом плане и также тройка стран осуществляющих крупные инвестиции. Представлены определённые рекомен-дации улучшающие положение в этом плане.
Nino Kavtaradze Ph.D Degree in Business Administration
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IN GEORGIA Annotation
In the article is considered the essence of the investment, special attention is
turned on foreign investments as for Georgia they have the special value. The main achievements, that brought positive results are marked out and confirmed with official figures of 2012-2014 of realized foreign investments in Georgia. Also in 2014 their redistribution in the industry plan and also the three of the countries which are carrying out large investments. The certain recommendations improving situation in this plan are submitted.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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turizmi
Чахвашвили Дали Государственный университет Акакия Церетели
Какауридзе Натела член Академии наук туризма Грузии
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ГРУЗИИ НА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ БИЗНЕС ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Индустрия туризма является одной из наиболее динамично развивающихся
отраслей сферы услуг. Ее значение постоянно возрастает, а следовательно возрастает и влияние на мировую экономику, обеспечивая десятую часть мирового валового национального продукта. Развитие туризма приводит к развитию экономической инфраструктуры страны и мирных процессов в сосуществовании различных культурных сообществ. В последние годы туризм стал одним из самых прибыльных видов бизнеса в мире. Он использует примерно 7% мирового капитала. Международный туризм является, активным источником поступлений иностранной валюты и оказывает воздействие на платежный баланс траны. Ежегодный рост инвестиций в индустрию туризма составляет около 30%.
Рост туризма создает в странах независимо от уровня их развития много рабочих мест. Поэтому такое воздействие туризма на занятость может стать определяющим для многих небольших стран, которые существенно зависят от данного сектора экономики. В этих странах более 50% трудоспособного населения вовлечено в деятельность, которая прямо иил косвенно связана с туризмом в определенное время года.
Развитию туристического бизнеса в Грузии способствует уникальное геополитическое и геоэкономическое звеном между Западом и Востоком, имеет выход к Черному морю.
На территории 69,7 тыс.кв.км сосредоточены более двенадцати тысяч памятников истории и культуры, из которых 5 тысяч находятся под охраной государства. С 1994 года четыре из них вошли в список памятников мирового значения Юнеско. Это – древнейший город Грузии – Мцхета, Гелатский монастырский комплекс (XI в.), храм Баграта в Кутаиси (XI в.) и архитектурный ансамбль в Ушгули. Отдельную группу достопримечательностей составляют высеченный в скале пещерный город Вардзия и Греми ( XVIв.)
Значительны курортные ресурсы Грузии: 102 курорта и 182 курортных мест с перспективой дальнейшего развития, большое количество минеральных лечебных вод.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
25
Многочисленны природные достопримечательности – заповедники и национальные парки, в которых густые лиственные и хвойные леса сменяются альпийскими лугами; пещеры, водопады.
Процес формирования туристической инфраструктуры предполагает развитие материальной базы в рамках реконструкций и завершения строительства туристических объектов. расположеных в районах с наиболее высоким туристическим потенциалом. В последние годы ведется активное строительство новых объектов для размещения туристов, а также модернизация существующей материальной базы. В 2012 году была проведена реставрация и реконструкция древнейшего архитектурного памятника «Рабата» в Ахалцихе, который уже посетили несколько тысяч туристов со всего мира. Недавно возле курорта Цхалтубо была открыта и благоустроена на современном мировом уровне пещера «Прометей», которая расположена на несколько километров и ее осмотр возможен как пещим ходом, так и на лодках. Эта пищера вызывает большое изумление и удовольствие увиденным.
Исходя из этого можно сказать, что туризм это невидимый экспорт, который имеет большое влияние на платежный баланс Грузии. Около 58% экспорта сервиса страны приходится на туризм. По данным мирового международного туристическсого совета (WTTC) в 2013 году прямая контрибуция этой отрасли в ОВП составила 2,2 трил. дол., что способствовало созданию 101млн рабочих мест. В 2013 году доход от иностранного туризма составил 1,72 млрд долл. (прирост 22%)\ В четвертом квартале того же года количество занятых составило 168,8 тыс. человек, а общая дабавочная стоимость достигла 1,5 млрд лар.
Доходы от международного туризма
Источник: Национальный банк Грузии.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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Распределение международных вьездов Грузии по странам
Источник: МВД Грузии.
Согласно статистики последних лет среди международных путешествии самым популярным является летний сезон с 1880515 визитом (июнь 490796, июль 613604, август 776 115)/ что составит 35% общего дохода.
Все это способствует совершенствованию бизнес инфраструктуры страны. Туристический бизнес стимулирует развитие других отраслей хозяйства: строительства, торговля, сельского хозяйства, производства товаров народного потребления, связи и т.д. Данный бизнес привлекает предпринимателей по многим причинам: небольшие стартовые инвестиции, растущий спрос на туристические услуги, высокий уровень рентабельности и минимальный срок окупаемости затрат. Туризм в новом тысячелетии станет важным фактором развития человечества в целом и мировой экономики частности.
Использованная литература
1. Бирржаков М.Б., Введение в туризм. Санкт-петербург, 2007 2. World Tourism Organization and European Travel Commission, “Handbook
on Tourism Market Segmention_Maximising Marketing Effectiveness”, Madrid, 2007
3. http:/www.tourism.gov.ge
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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4. http:/www.answers.com/topic/travel 5. http:/www.answers.com/topic/the-grand-tour-george-jones-album 6. http:/www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9703/san.fran/offbeat/index.
html 7. Статистическое обознеие туризма Грузии
http://www.economy.ge/ge/publications/our/1299
dali CaxvaSvili akaki wereTlis universiteti
naTela kakauriZe saqarTvelos turizmis mecnierebaTa akademiis wevri
saqarTvelos turistuli potencialis zegavlena biznes-
infrastruqturis srulyofaze
anotacia
statiaSi naCvenebia turizmis industriis zegavlena msof-
lio ekonomikaze. turizmis ganviTareba iwvevs qveynis ekono-
mikuri infrastruqturis ganviTarebas. ukanasknel wlebSi turiz-
mi gaxda biznesis erT-erTi yvelaze momgebiani sfero msoflio-
Si. turistuli biznesi stimulirebs meurneobis sxva dargebis
ganviTaebas: mSeneblobas, vaWrobas, soflis meurneobas, erovnuli
moxmarebis saqonlis warmoebas, kavSirgabmulobas da sxva. aR-
niSnuli biznesi izidavs mewarmeebs mravali mizeziT: mcire sas-
tarto investiciebiT, turistul momsaxurebaze gazrdili moT-
xovniT, rentabelobis marali doniT da xarjebis amoRebis mini-
maluri vadiT.
naSromSi aRniSnulia, rom saqarTveloSi turistuli bizne-
sis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs unikaluri geopolitikuri da geo-
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saqarTvelo warmoadgens SemakavSire-
bel rgols dasavleTsa da aRmosavleTs Soris, aqvs gasavleli
Sav zRvaze. saqarTvelo, uZvelesi droidan cnobili, rogorc
kolxeTi da iberia, “oqros sawmisis” qveyana, yovelTvis iwvevda
yuradRebas Tavisi TviTmyofadi kulturiT. naSromSi warmodge-
nilia qveynis RirSesaniSnaobebi, istoriisa da kulturis Zeg-
lebi, sakurorto resurseb.
turistuli infrastruqturis formirebis procesi gulis-
xmobs im turistuli obieqtebis materialuri baziis ganviTa-
rebas, mSeneblobas, rekonstruqciasa da dasrulebas, romlebic
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
28
ganlagebuli arian SedarebiT maRali turistuli potencialis
raionebSi. mimdinareobs axali obieqtebis aqtiuri mSenebloba
turistebis ganTavsebisaTvis, agreTve arsebuli materialuri
bazis modernizacia. yovelive es xels uwyobs investiciebis
zrdas turizmis industriaSi da qveynis biznes-infrastruqturis
srulyofas.
Чахвашвили Дали Государственный университет Акакия Церетели,
Какауридзе Натела член Академии наук туризма Грузии
ВЛИЯНИЕ ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ГРУЗИИ НА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ БИЗНЕС -ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Аннотация В труде показано влияние индустрии туризма на мировую экономику.
Развитие туризма приводит к развитию экономической инфраструктуры страны. В последние годы туризм стал одним из самых прибыльных видов бизнеса в мире. Туристический бизнес стимулирует развитие других отраслей хозяйства: строительства, торговли, сельского хозяйства, производства товаров народного потребления, связи и т.д. Данный бизнес привлекает предпринимателей по многим причинам: небольшие стартовые инвестиции, растущий спрос на туристические услуги, высокий уровень рентабельности и минимальный срок окупаемости затрат.
В работе отмечено, что развитию туристического бизнеса в Грузии способствует уникальное геополитическое и геоэкономическое положение. Грузия является связующим звеном между Западом и Востоком, имеет выход к Черному морю. Грузия, с древности известная как Колхида и Иберия, земля «Золотого руна», всегда привлекала к себе внимание величавой историей и самобытной культурой. В работке представлены достопримечательности страны, памятники истории и культуры, курортные ресурсы.
Процес формирования туристической инфраструктуры предполагает развитие материальной базы в рамках реконструкции и завершения строительс-тва туристических объектов, расположеных в районах с наиболее высоким туристическим потенциалом. Ведется активное строительство новых объектов для размещения туристов, а также модернизация существующей материальной базы. Все это способствует росту инвестиций в индустрию туризма и совершенствованию бизнес-инфраструктуры страны.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
29
Dali Chakhvashvili AkakiTsereteli State University,
Natela Kakauridze Tourism scientific Academy of Georgia
THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOURIST POTENTIAL OF GEORGIA T O
IMPROVE THE BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE Annotation
The work shows the influence of the tourism industry on the global economy. The development of tourism leads to the development of the economic infrastructure of the country. In recent years, tourism has become one of the most lucrative businesses in the world. Travel industry encourages the development of other economic sectors: construction, trade, agriculture, consumer goods, telecommuni-cations, etc. This business attracts entrepreneurs for many reasons: the small initial investment, the growing demand for tourist services, a high level of profitability and minimum cost recovery.
The paper noted that the development of tourism in Georgia contributes to the unique geopolitical and geo-economic position. Georgia is a bridge between East and West, has an outlet to the Black Sea. Georgia, from the ancient times known as Colchis and Iberia, the land of the "Golden Fleece", has always attracted the attention of the majestic history and unique culture. In processing are attractions of the country, the monuments of history and culture, resort resources.
The process involves the formation of the tourism infrastructure of the facilities in the reconstruction and completion of construction of tourist facilities located in areas with the highest tourism potential. Active construction of new facilities for tourists, as well as the modernization of existing facilities. All of this contributes to the growth of investment in the tourism industry and the improvement of business infrastructure.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
30
auditi
dezdemona maRlakeliZe ekonomikis doqtori akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetisa da
quTaisis universitetis asocirebuli profesori,
naTela vaSakiZe ekonomikis doqtori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis
asocirebuli profesori auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi
auditis formireba XIX saukunis Sua wlebSi daiwyo inglisSi
sabazro urTierTobebis ganviTarebis periodSi. kapitalizmis
CamoyalibebasTan erTad, masobrivad kotrdeboda kompaniebi, rom-
lis ZiriTadi mizezi iyo kompaniaTa mmarTvelTa arakeTilsindi-
siereba da aragonivruli qmedebebi. gakotrebul aqcionerebs
gauCndaT dacvis moTxovnileba, xolo potenciur investorebs da
arsebul aqcionerebs - maT kompaniebSi saqmeebis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb utyuari informaciis miRebis survili.
Sotlandiis gamoCenilma buRalterTa jgufma XIX saukunis
Sua wlebSi Seqmna profesiuli gaerTianeba, romlis mizani iyo
kompaniebis mier wardgenili sabuRaltro angariSebis Semowmeba.
auditis amocana kompaniebis safinanso-sameurneo saqmianobis de-
talur SemowmebaSi mdgomareobda. Tavisi ganviTarebis periodSi
auditma, rogorc ekonomikis infrastruqturis elementma, ganvi-
Tarebis ramdenime xarisxobrivi etapi ganvlo iseve, rogorc
mmarTvelobiTi saqmianobis nebismierma saxem. amitom yoveli
ganvlili etapi Seesabameboda ekonomikur urTierTobaTa ganviTa-
rebis garkveul dones.
saqarTveloSi auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba sabazro
urTierTobebis damkvidrebis kvaldakval moxda. kerZo mewarmeobis
ganviTarebam, sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis
sawarmoTa Camoyalibebam, dRis wesrigSi daayena kontrolis
sruliad axali, arasaxelmwifo formis damkvidrebis aucilebloba
auditis saxiT.
saqarTveloSi auditoruli firmebis Camoyalibeba jer kidev
oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis pirvel naxevarSi daiwyo spontanurad.
maTSi gaerTiandnen maRali kvalifikaciis buRaltrebi, revizorebi,
ekonomistebi da iuristebi. Tumca, maT ar gaaCndaT auditoruli
saqmianobis gamocdileba da ar flobdnen auditis Catarebis
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
31
Tanamedrove meTodologias. ar arsebobda kanoni auditoruli
saqmianobis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobda auditorTa sertificirebisa da
licenzirebis Camoyalibebuli sistema, moqmedi auditorebi ar
flobdnen auditis saerTaSoriso standartebis moTxovnebs.
Seqmnili situaciis daregulirebis mizniT 1995 wlis 7
Tebervals saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni “auditoruli
saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, romlis safuZvelzec 1996 wels saqarTvelos
parlamentTan Seiqmna auditoruli saqmianobis sabWo, rogorc
saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqciis ganmaxorcielebeli organo
auditis sferoSi.
„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanoniT
ganisazRvra auditis/auditoruli saqmianobis arsi da adgili
finansuri kontrolis sistemaSi, dadginda auditorebisa da audi-
toruli firmebis licenzirebisa da sertificirebis wesebi, aseve
Camoyalibda auditoruli daskvnis arsi da mniSvneloba.
aRniSnuli kanoniT ganisazRvra auditis sferos saxelmwifo
regulirebis sistemis principebi da dadginda saqarTvelos par-
lamentTan arsebuli auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos (romelic
amave kanonis safuZvelze Seiqmna), rogorc saxelmwifo maregulire-
beli organos ZiriTadi funqciebi. amasTan, iqve aRiniSna, rom
dasaSvebia auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos kompetencias mikuTvnebu-
li zogierTi sakiTxis delegireba auditorTa profesiuli orga-
nizaciebisaTvis. rac srulad Seesabameba Tanamedrove ganviTare-
buli qveynebis auditis praqtikas.
aRniSnuli kanoniT, auditis Catareba savaldebulo gaxda:
„a) im sameurneo subieqtisaTvis, romelTa organizaciul-
samarTlebrivi forma moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad iTva-
liswinebs mesakuTreTa SezRudul qonebriv pasuxismgeblobas;
b) bankebis, sadazRvevo kompaniebis, arasabiujeto fondebis,
safondo da sasaqonlo birJebisaTvis;
g) fasiani qaRaldebis emitentebisa da sainvesticio insti-
tutebisaTvis;
d) sxva subieqtebisaTvis, romelTa sias yovelwliurad amtki-
cebs saqarTvelos respublikis finansTa samnistro“.
es imas niSnavda, rom auditis Catarebis valdebuleba daekisra
qveyanaSi arsebuli ekonomikuri subieqtebis udides nawils, ramac,
saboloo jamSi, ar gaamarTla da xeli Seuwyo qveyanaSi auditis
mankieri praqtikis damkvidrebas, romlis drosac sameurneo
subieqtebis erTi nawilis interesebSi Sedioda ara auditoruli
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
32
Semowmebis realurad Catareba, aramed mxolod auditoruli
daskvnis miReba. amiT didi ziani miadga auditoruli saqmianobis
reputacias da misdami ndobas. 2005 wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos
parlamentma cvlileba Seitana saqarTvelos kanonSi „auditoruli
saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, riTac gauqmda savaldebulo auditis val-
debuleba „a” punqtSi Semavali sameurneo subieqtebisaTvis, ramac
dadebiTi gavlena iqonia qveyanaSi auditoruli saqmianobis Semdgom
ganviTarebaze.
kanoniT ganisazRvra auditoruli saqmianobis warmarTvis
wesebi da pirobebi, aseve auditorisa da damkveTis uflebebi da
movaleobebi, safuZveli Caeyara auditorTa damoukideblobis cnebas
da aseve dadginda auditorisaTvis/audituri firmisaTvis licen-
ziis CamorTmevis pirobebi, kerZod:
„auditoruli saqmianobis sabWos gadawyvetilebiT auditors
(auditur firmas) SeiZleba CamoerTvas auditoruli saqmianobis
licenzia Semdeg SemTxvevebSi:
a) auditis dabal doneze Catarebis ramdenime faqtis
dadgenisas;
b) auditis Catarebisas saqarTvelos respublikis moqmedi
kanonmdeblobis ganzrax darRvevis dros;
g) Tu licenziis gacemis Semdeg gamovlinda mis misaRebad
auditoris (audituri firmis) mier usworo monacemebis wardgenis
faqti;
d) Tu auditori (audituri firma) licenziiT gauTvalis-
winebel auditorul saqmianobas eweva”.
aRniSnuli muxli warmoadgenda erT-erT yvelaze efeqtur
berkets auditoruli saqmianobis sabWosaTvis, zemoqmedeba moexdina
auditoruli momsaxureobis xarisxze, iZulebuli gaexada audi-
torebi/audituri firmebi kvalificiuri momsaxureba gaewiaT
damkveTisaTvis. Tumca mogvianebiT, 2005 wels, auditorebisa da
audituri firmebisaTvis licenzirebis moTxovna gauqmda qveyanaSi
ekonomikuri sistemis liberalizaciis motiviT, rac zogadad
misasalmebelia, Tumca am konkretul SemTxvevaSi sabWom, rogorc
maregulirebelma organom, dakarga regulirebis erT-erTi yvelaze
ufro qmediTi meqanizmi im mcirericxovan meqanizmTa Soris, rac ki
mas gaaCnda. Sedegad, sfero praqtikulad regulirebis da zeda-
mxedvelobis gareSe darCa da, saboloo jamSi, aucilebeli gaxada
axali sakanonmdeblo bazis SemuSaveba, romelic ufro efeqtur
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
33
meqanizmebs daadgenda auditoruli momsaxurebis xarisxis uz-
runvelsayofad.
„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis miRe-
bisa da auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibebis Semdegac naTeli iyo,
rom jer kidev Zalian bevri iyo gasakeTebeli am sferoSi audi-
toruli saqmianobis ganviTarebisa da auditis profesiis Camoya-
libebisaTvis. saWiro iyo Tanmxlebi sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli
bazis Seqmna, auditorTa eTikis kodeqsis SemuSaveba da damkvidreba,
auditis Catarebis meTodur-meTodologiuri rekomendaciebis
Camoyalibeba, auditis saerTaSoriso standartebis qarTul enaze
Targmna da gamocema, auditorTa/auditur firmaTa licenzirebisa da
sertificirebis wesebis damuSaveba-danergva. yvela am funqciis
Sesruleba Tu Sesrulebis organizacia kanonis Sesabamisad Tavis
Tavze aiRo auditoruli saqmianobis sabWom profesiul orga-
nizaciebTan erTad.
daskvnis saxiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos kanonma
„auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb” da saqarTvelos parlamentTan
arsebulma auditoruli saqmianobis sabWom didi roli Seasrula
qveyanaSi auditoruli saqmianobis CamoyalibebaSi, mis swor
kalapotSi moqcevasa da mizanmimarTuli ganviTarebis safuZvlebis
SeqmnaSi. saqarTveloSi auditurma organizaciebma dRes ukve
mniSvnelovnad gaimyares Tavisi poziciebi bazarze. Tumca, erov-
nuli auditis konkurentunarianobis asamaRleblad jer kidev bevri
amocanaa gadasaWreli. erT-erTi maTgania audituri saqmianobis
standartizacia. am amocanis gadaWrisas mniSvnelovania auditis
saerTaSoriso standartebiT (ISA _ ass) maRalkvalificiuri audi-
torebis momzadeba. praqtika gviCvenebs, rom dadga dro, saerTa-
Soriso moTxovnebTan SesabamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili ara marto
adre miRebuli audituri saqmianobis standartebi, aramed cnebebis
glosari. es ukanaskneli migviyvans audituri profesiuli termino-
logiis srulyofasTan, rac gaaumjobesebs urTierTgagebas au-
ditorebsa da maTi momsaxurebiT mosargeble pirebs Soris.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. auditisa da xarisxis kontrolis saerTaSoriso standartebis
saxelmZRvanelo, Tbilisi, 2009.
2. saqarTvelos kanoni „buRaltruli aRricxvisa da finansuri
angariSgebis auditis Sesaxeb“.
3. saxokia g., ananiZe j., saxokia g., buRaltruli aRricxva da
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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auditi. Tb., 2010.
4. finansuri angariSgebis saerTaSoriso standartebi (fass) da
buRaltruli aRricxvis saerTaSoriso standartebi (bass),
oficialuri dokumentebi 2009 wlis 1 ianvris mdgomareobiT. Tb.,
2009.
5. ciramua e., „auditi, meTodika, teqnika“, Tbilisi, 2009.
dezdemona maRlakeliZe ekonomikis doqtori akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetisa da
quTaisis universitetis asocirebuli profesori,
naTela vaSakiZe ekonomikis doqtori, akaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universitetis
asocirebuli profesori auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba saqarTveloSi
anotacia
saqarTveloSi auditoruli saqmianobis Camoyalibeba sabazro
urTierTobebis damkvidrebis kvaldakval moxda. auditoruli
firmebis Camoyalibeba jer kidev oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis pirvel
naxevarSi daiwyo spontanurad. maTSi gaerTiandnen maRali
kvalifikaciis buRaltrebi, revizorebi, ekonomistebi da iuristebi.
ar arsebobda kanoni auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb, ar arsebobda
auditorTa sertificirebisa da licenzirebis Camoyalibebuli
sistema, moqmedi auditorebi ar flobdnen auditis saerTaSoriso
standartebis moTxovnebs. Seqmnili situaciis daregulirebis
mizniT 1995 wlis 7 Tebervals saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRe-
bul iqna kanoni „auditoruli saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, romlis safuZ-
velzec 1996 wels saqarTvelos parlamentTan Seiqmna auditoruli
saqmianobis sabWo, rogorc saxelmwifos maregulirebeli funqciis
ganmaxorcielebeli organo auditis sferoSi. saqarTveloSi au-
diturma organizaciebma dRes ukve mniSvnelovnad gaimyares Tavisi
poziciebi bazarze. Tumca, erovnuli auditis konkurentunarianobis
asamaRleblad jer kidev bevri amocanaa gadasaWreli. erT-erTi
maTgania audituri saqmianobis standartizacia. praqtika gviCvenebs,
rom dadga dro, gadaixedos da saerTaSoriso moTxovnebTan Sesa-
bamisobaSi iqnes moyvanili ara marto adre miRebuli audituri
saqmianobis standartebi, aramed cnebebis glosari. es ukanaskneli
migviyvans audituri profesiuli terminologiis srulyofastan,
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
35
rac gaaumjobesebs urTierTgagebas auditorebsa da maTi momsa-
xurebiT mosargeble pirebs Soris.
Desdemona Maghlakelidze Doctor of Economics and the University of Kutaisi Akaki Tsereteli State University
Natella Vashakidze Doctor of Economics, Akaki Tsereteli State University
GEORGIA TO ESTABLISH AUDIT Annotation
Georgia in the wake of the establishment of the audit, the establishment of
market relations. Establishment of audit firms in the first half of the nineties has started spontaneously. They incorporated a highly qualified accountants, auditors, economists and lawyers. No law of the audit, there was no established system for licensing and certification of auditors, the auditors did not have audit requirements of international standards. On February 7, 1995 in order to normalize the situation in the Georgian parliament adopted a law "On Audit Activities", which was set up in 1996 with the Auditors of the Parliament, as the regulatory body of the audit function in the field. Georgia has significantly strengthened its position in the market for audit organizations. However, there are still many tasks to be solved in order to increase the competitiveness of the national audit. One of the activities of standardization -audituri. Practice shows that the time has come to review the requirements of the international audit of the standards set forth by not only before, but also concepts Glossary.
Маглакелидзе Дездемона Доктор экономики, Государственный университет им. Акаки Церетели,
Вашакидзе Натела Доктор экономики, Государственный университет им. Акаки Церетели
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АУДИТОРСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ В ГРУЗИИ Аннотация
Формирование аудиторской деятельности в Грузии совпало с переходом
на рыночные отношения. Создание аудиторских фирм началось спонтанно с первой половины девяностных. В них объединились высококвалифицированные бухгалтеры, равизоры, экономисти и юристи. Тогда еще не существовало закона об аудиторской деятельности, не было слаженной системы сертифицирования и лицензирования аудиторов, действующие аудиторы не влвдели требованиями стандартов международного аудита. С целю регулирования созданной ситуации 7 февраля 1995 года Парламентом Грузии был принят закон „Об аудиторской
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
36
деятельности”,на основе которого в 1996 году при Парламенте Грузии был создан Совет по аудиторской деятельности, как орган, осуществляющий регулирующую функцию государства в сфере аидита. Сегодня в Грузии аудиторские организации значительно укрепили свои позиции на рынке. Хотя для повышения конкурентноспособности национального аудита все еще много нерешенных задач. Одно из них _ стандартизация аудиторской деятельности. Практика показывает, что настало время пересмотреть и привести в соответст-вии с международными требованиями только ранее существующие междуна-родные аудиторские стандарты, но и глоссар понятии. Это приведет к усовершенствованию профессиональной аудиторской терминологии, что улучшит взаимопонимание между аудиторами и лицами, пользующимся их услугами.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
37
magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis samecniero naSromebi
ekaterine SainiZe
baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis
strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi
sagadasaxado administrirebis sistemaSi mniSvnelovani
adgili uWiravs xelisuflebis mier SemuSavebul RonisZiebebs,
romlebic mimarTulia rogorc sagadasaxado garemos gaumjobe-
sebis, ise gadamxdelTa qcevis Secvlisaken sagadasaxado kultu-
ris amaRlebis mizniT. ganviTarebuli Tu ganviTarebadi qveynebi
warmatebiT iyeneben sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevebTan mimarTe-
baSi sxvadasxva prevenciul midgomebs, rac dadebiTad moqmedebs
sagadasaxado administrirebis sistemis funqcionirebis erT-erT
umTavres mizanze _ ekonomikuri zrdis uzrunvelyofaze.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ramdenjerme gadadga urC gadam-
xdelTa qcevis Secvlisaken mimarTuli nabijebi iseTi RonisZie-
bebis gatarebiT, rogoricaa sagadasaxado amnistia, davalianebis
Camowera, sagadasaxado SeTanxmebis institutis SemoReba, gada-
saxadebis deklarirebis SemTxvevaSi sanqciisagan gaTavisufleba
da a.S. Tumca, mocemul SemTxvevaSi gvinda yuradReba SevaCeroT
Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier 2015 _ 2016 wlebis sagadasaxado
periodisaTvis SemuSavebul strategiaze.
Cvens qveyanaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris mimarT gadamxdelTa
ndobis amaRlebis, sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdis da gasata-
rebeli sagadasaxado kontrolis RonisZiebebis Semcirebis miz-
niT, Semosavlebis samsaxuris ufrosis 2015 wlis 11 Tebervlis
#3520 brZanebiT damtkicda ,,sagadasaxado valdebulebebis neba-
yoflobiTi Sesrulebis strategia“, romlis farglebSic gamoica
eleqtronuli saxelmZRvanelo. igi gamoqveynebulia Semosavlebis
samsaxuris oficialur vebgverdze, amasTan, yvela gadamxdels
gaegzavna eleqtronuli deklarirebis pirad gverdze.
aRniSnuli saxelmZRvanelo iwyeba sagadasaxado sistemaSi
ganxorcielebuli reformebis CamonaTvaliT. yuradReba gavamaxvi-
loT ramdenime maTganze:
- ganxorcielda sagadasaxado sistemis centralizeba – aR-
niSnuli reformis farglebSi gauqmda Semosavlebis samsaxuris
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
38
regionuli centrebi, romlebic SedarebiT farTo uflebebiT
iyvnen aRWurvilni mimdinare kontrolis RonisZiebebisa da
sagadasaxado auditis Catarebis kuTxiT. aRniSnuli procedure-
bis ganmaxorcielebeli pirebi centraluri ofisidan iRebdnen
davalebebsa da miTiTebebs. gadamxdelTa momsaxurebis centris
TanamSromlebi faqtobrivad warmoadgenen operatorebs, romle-
bic mxolod aregistrireben gadamxdelTa ganacxadebebs da pa-
suxs ar ageben Sesabamisi dokumentebis momzadebaze. adgilobriv
doneze ar xdeba analitikuri samuSaoebis ganxorcieleba saga-
dasaxado administrirebis gaumjobesebis mizniT. eleqtronuli
momsaxurebis garkveuli saxeebi daeqvemdebara avtomatur reJimSi
pasuxis momzadebas kompiuteruli programis meSveobiT.
magaliTisTvis SeiZleba ganvixiloT davalianebis Sesaxeb cnobis
gacema. dRevandeli wesis Tanaxmad misi momzadeba xdeba gadamx-
delis piradi aRricxvis baraTze gacemis TariRisaTvis arsebuli
mdgomareobis mixedviT da ar mowmdeba, gadamxdels warmodge-
nili aqvs Tu ara kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliwinebuli sagadasaxado
deklaraciebi da angariSebi. Sesabamisad, SesaZloa, gadamxdels
gadaxdili aqvs gadasaxadebis garkveuli odenoba, magram ar aqvs
warmodgenili Sesabamisi periodis deklaracia, ris gamoc ba-
raTze ericxeba zedmetad gadaxdili gadasaxadis Tanxebi. am
SemTxvevaSi cnobaSi miTiTebuli Canaweri „davalianeba ar eric-
xeba“ ar asaxavs realur mdgomareobas sagadasaxado valdebu-
lebaTa jerovnad Sesrulebis kuTxiT;
- SesaZlebelia problemur sakiTxze winaswari gadawyvetile-
bis miReba - aRniSnuli momsaxureba sakmaod ZviradRirebulia da
misi sargeblobis fufuneba mxolod maRalSemosavlian gadamxde-
lebs aqvT. amasTan, faqtobrivad gadamxdeli safasurs ixdis
saqmianobis normatiuli regulirebisaTvis, rac, wesiT, saerTo
saxelmwifoebrivi sikeTis Semadgeneli nawili unda iyos, rasac
mosaxleoba usasyidlod iRebs;
- gadamxdelebs miecaT sagadasaxado SeTanxmebis gaformebis
SesaZlebloba - Tumca ar arsebobs erTiani kriteriumebi da misi
ganxorcieleba calsaxad saxelmwifozea damokidebuli;
- amuSavda Semosavlebis samsaxuris satelefono centri
(qolcentri) - sadac kompetenturi pasuxis miReba ama Tu im
sagadasaxado sakiTxebze sakmaod rTulia, vinaidan operatorebi
ar arian aRWurvilni saTanado unarebiTa da codniT, ris gamoc,
xSir SemTxvevaSi, gacemuli pasuxebiT SesaZloa gadamxdelebi
SecdomaSi Seiyvanon;
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
39
- gadamxdelebs SeuZliaT aiyvanon piradi sagadasaxado
agenti - aRniSnuli momsaxurebac fasiania da yvelasTvis ar aris
xelmisawvdomi;
- Seiqmna sagadasaxado ombudsmenis instituti – romelic,
saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi 2015 wlis 4 ivniss Setanili
cvlilebis Tanaxmad, gauqmda da mis nacvlad Seiqmna saqarTve-
los biznesombudsmenis instituti „saqarTvelos biznesombud-
smenis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis safuZvelze. Tumca, mxolod
saxelwodebis Secvlas mniSvneloba ar aqvs da yuradReba misi
saqmianobis efeqturobaze unda gamaxvildes;
- keTilsindisieri gadamxdelebisaTvis amoqmedda GOOD
FAITH principi - gafrTxileba jarimis nacvlad - aRsaniSnavia,
rom gafrTxilebis gamoyenebas sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba
mxolod sagadasaxado samarTaldarRvevis garkveul saxeobebze
miiCnevs SesaZleblad da ara savaldebulod. Sesabamisad, misi
gamoyeneba calsaxad mimdinare sagadasaxado kontrolis ganma-
xorcielebel pirebzea damokidebuli.
mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom sagadasaxado sistemaSi
ganxorcielebul reformebs Soris yvelaze warmatebuli saga-
dasaxado deklaraciebisa da pirveladi sagadasaxado dokumen-
tebis, sagadasaxado saCivrebis eleqtronulad wardgenis SesaZ-
leblobis danergvaa, ramac mniSvnelovnad dazoga gadamxdelTa
rogorc droiTi, ise finansuri resursebi. gansakuTrebiT efeq-
turi sasaqonlo zednadebebis da sagadasaxado angariSfaqtu-
rebis eleqtonulad gamoweris saSualebaa, rac elementaruli
Secdomebisagan icavs rogorc mimwodebels, ise myidvels.
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis
strategiis ZiriTadi mizani, sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdasTan
erTad, gadamxdelTa qcevis Seswavla, Sefaseba da Sesabamisi
reagirebaa, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes gadasaxadebis nebayoflo-
biTi gadaxda. gamoyofilia gadamxdelTa qcevaze moqmedi Semdegi
garemoebebi: saqmianobis sfero, biznesgaremo, ekonomikuri, socia-
luri, fsiqologiuri faqtorebi. aRniSnuli faqtorebis gaTva-
liswinebiT gansazRvrulia gadamxdelTa qcevis oTxi kategoria
da TiToeulTan mimarTebaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris Sesabamisi
strategia:
01 - survili aqvT keTilsindisierad gadaixadon gadasaxa-
debi - gavumartivebT pirobebs;
02 - cdiloben gadaixadon, magram yovelTvis ver axerxeben -
davexmarebiT gadaixadon gadasaxadebi;
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
40
03 - ara aqvT survili, gadaixadon gadasaxadebi – gamovaaSka-
ravebT da vaiZulebT gadaxdas;
04 - mizanmimarTulad ar ixdian gadasaxadebs - gamoviyenebT
kanonis srul simkacres.
gamoyofilia sami ZiriTadi mizezi, ris gamoc gadamxdelebi
arajerovnad asruleben sagadasaxado valdebulebebs:
1. arasakmarisi codna - Semosavlebis samsaxuris midgomaa
informaciis miwodeba saxelmZRvaneloebis, bukletebis, mokle
teqsturi Setyobinebebis, forumebis saxiT;
2. arasakmarisi SesaZleblobebi - Semosavlebis samsaxuris
SeTavazebaa problematuri sakiTxebis swrafi da efeqturi gadaw-
yveta martivi komunikaciis iseTi saSualebebiT, rogoricaa ser-
viscentrebi, qol-centri, piradi sagadasaxado mrCeveli, ubnis
oficrebi;
3. arasakmarisi survili - Semosavlebis samsaxuris strate-
giaa gadamxdelTa dadebiTi ganwyobis Seqmna da saxelmwifos
mimarT ndobis amaRleba iseTi RonisZiebebiT, rogoricaa media-
saSualebebiT sainformacio-sareklamo rgolebis ganTavseba,
eqspertebis monawileobiT satelevizio ToqSouebis mowyoba
problematur sakiTxebze, Semosavlebis samsaxurSi mimdinare
procesebze da samomavlo gegmebze informaciis gamoqveyneba.
aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba dadebiTad unda
aisaxos qveyanaSi gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa sagadasaxado kultu-
ris donis amaRlebaze, Tumca, sasurvelia, gansazRvrul stra-
tegiebs meti konkretuloba axasiaTebdes da gadamxdelma zustad
gaigos ras sTavazobs mas sagadasaxado administrirebis sistema.
mocemul strategiaSi Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier gamoyo-
filia miznobrivi jgufebi, romlebsac miakuTvneben sagadasaxado
riskis Semcvel sferoebs. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani:
- samSeneblo saqmianoba - rogorc makontrolebeli organo
acxadebs, am sferoSi bevria gadasaxadebis damalvis faqtebi, ris
gamoc strategiis mizania sagadasaxado aRricxvis mowesrigeba;
- avtonawilebiT vaWroba - aRniSnuli sfero Seicavs aRuric-
xavi saqonliT vaWrobis riskebs;
- bunebrivi resursebiT mosargeble pirebi - Sesabamisi li-
cenziis aRebis Semdeg isini, sakmaod xSirad sagadasaxado
aRricxvis gareSe awarmoeben saqmianobas, srulad ar aRricxaven
mopovebul resursebs da ar ixdian miwis gadasaxads;
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
41
- sarestorno momsaxureba - sazogadoebrivi kvebis obieqteb-
Si, romelTa raodenoba arc ise mcirea, ar xdeba danaxarjebis
swori kalkulacia da miRebuli Semosavlebis srulad aRricxva;
- soflis meurneobis produqtebis importiorebi - am SemT-
xvevaSi umTavresi problema sasaqonlo-materialuri faseulo-
bebis aRricxva da gamosayeneblad uvargisi produqtis sagadasa-
xado kanonmdeblobis dacviT Camoweraa;
- fizikuri pirebi - aRniSnul kategoriaSi Sedis qonebis
gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi, meijareebi, ipoTekarebi, maRali Semo-
savlebis mqoneni. Semosavlebis samsaxuri mocemul SemTxvevaSi
umTavres problemas xedavs fizikur pirTa arainformirebulo-
basa da aRniSnuli seqtoris administrirebis sirTuleSi.
Cveni azriT, mocemuli seqtorebi marTlac Seicavs maRal
sagadasaxado riskebs, potenciuri gadasaxadebis Tanxa ki, romel-
Ta mobilizeba aRniSnuli sferoebidan aris SesaZlebeli, mniSv-
nelovnad gazrdis sagadasaxado Semosavlebs. Semosavlebis
samsaxuri am SemTxvevebSi administrirebis gaumjobesebas iseTi
berketebiT apirebs, rogoricaa riskebze dafuZnebuli auditi da
mimdinare kontrolis procedurebi, winaswari gadawyvetilebis
servisi, centralizebuli sagadasaxado sistema, kadrebis sis-
tematuri gadamzadeba.
aRniSnuli strategiis rols sagadasaxado administrirebis
gaumjobesebasa da misi efeqturobis amaRlebaSi momavali gviC-
venebs, Tumca, vcadeT, mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozirebis
mizniT, Semosavlebis samsaxuridan maTTvis xelmisawvdomi konk-
retuli TariRisaTvis migveRo informacia, ramdenma gadamxdelma
isargebla sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa nebayoflobiT Sesru-
lebis gziT da ra Tanxa Seadgina deklarirebulma gadasaxadma,
risTvisac werilobiT mivmarTeT adresats. 2015 wlis 17 ivniss
Semosavlebis samsaxuris momsaxurebis departamentis mier
mowodebuli werilobiTi informaciis Tanaxmad, strategiis avto-
ri uwyeba moklebulia SesaZleblobas, mogvawodos informacia
misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb, radgan jer ar aris dasrulebuli yvela
etapi. strategiis gamoqveynebidan ukve gasulia ramdenime Tve,
amdenad, Cveni azriT, saxelmwifo ukve unda iRebs Sesabamis
Sedegebs proeqtis warmatebulobis SemTxvevaSi. Tumca, ufro
grZelvadiani periodi winaa da, vimedovnebT, mizani garkveul-
wilad mainc iqneba miRweuli...
Cveni azriT, sagadasaxado valdebulebaTa nebayoflobiT
Sesrulebis strategiis efeqturad ganxorcielebis mizniT auci-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
42
lebelia rogorc gadamxdelTa informireba, xelSewyoba, proce-
durebis gamartiveba, mastimulirebeli berketebis gamoyeneba, ise
kontrolis RonisZiebebis gafarToeba da sagadasaxado valdebu-
lebaTa Sesrulebis uzrunvelyofa. saqarTveloSi arsebuli
dabali sagadasaxado kulturis pirobebSi risk-jgufebis mimarT
mxolod SeTavazebebis gamoyeneba Tanazomadi iZulebiTi berke-
tebis gareSe, vfiqrobT, Sedegis momtani ar iqneba. amdenad, auci-
lebelia sagadasaxado organos xelT arsebuli informaciis swo-
rad da mizanmimarTulad gamoyeneba, ris Sedegadac Sesabamisi
sferoebi rTulad administrirebadi aRar iqneba.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi, ssm, 54, 12/10/2010;
2. „sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis
strategia 2015-2016“, ganTavsebulia 11 Tebervlidan, 2015. //
el. mis.: http://rs.ge/ Default.aspx?sec_id=4845&lang=1&newsid=3315;
3. Semosavlebis samsaxuris werili #21-11/62364, 17.06.2015
ekaterine SainiZe baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo
universitetis doqtoranti
sagadasaxado valdebulebebis nebayoflobiTi Sesrulebis
strategia da mosalodneli Sedegebi
anotacia
sagadasaxado administrirebis ganmaxorcielebeli organo
xSirad mimarTavs sxvadasxva prevenciul RonisZiebebs, romelTa
mizania sagadasaxado valdebulebebis jerovnad Sesrulebis
uzrunvelyofa. mocemul statiaSi Cvens mier ganxilulia
Semosavlebis samsaxuris mier 2015 wels SemuSavebuli stategia,
gaanalizebuli da Sefasebulia masSi asaxuli midgomebi. amas-
Tan, SevecadeT mogvexdina mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozireba.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
43
Ekaterine Shainidze Batumi Shota Rustaveli University
A Doctorate Student THE STRATEGY OF FULFILLING TAX-PAYING DUTIES AND IT S
PREDICTABLE RESULTS Annotation
Taxes Administration Authority often conducts preventive measures in order to fulfill Tax-paying duties in time. This article discusses the strategy of Taxes Administration Authority which was worked out in 2015. The article also discusses and analyzes the approaches of this strategy. In addition, we tried to predict the results.
Шаинидзе Екатерина докторант Батумского государственного
университета Шота Руставели
СТРАТЕГИЯ ДОБРОВОЛЬНОГО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЯ НАЛОГОВЫХ ОБЯЗАТЕЛЬСТВ И ОЖИДАЕМЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ
Аннотация Органы, осуществляющие налоговое администрирование, часто прибе-
гают к разного рода превентивным мерам, с целью обеспечения полного выполнения налоговых обязательств. В статье рассматривается стратегия, выработанная налоговой службой в 2015 году, дается анализ и оценка представ-ленных подходов. Вместе с этим по возможности дан прогноз ожидаемых результатов.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
44
Tamar maRalaSvili
biznesadministrirebis doqtoranti,
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
momxmareblebze orientirebuli organizaciis mizania kmayo-
fili momxmareblebis mravalricxovani bazis Seqmna. gamZafre-
buli konkurenciis pirobebSi amgvari kompaniebi cdiloben, ga-
zardon momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done xangrZlivi urTier-
Tobis damyarebis mizniT. loialuri myidvelebi axorcieleben
ganmeorebiT Sesyidvebs da rekomendacias uweven potenciur mom-
xmareblebs.
mniSvnelovania, kompaniebma zustad gaarkvion, Tu ras
elian, anu ra moTxovnebi aqvT da ra kriteriumebiT afaseben
momxmareblebi momsaxurebis xarisxs. amis Semdeg ki ecadon, gaa-
marTlon momxmarebelTa molodinebi, raTa miRebuli momsaxu-
rebis faseuloba gauTanabrdes an gadaaWarbos molodinebs.
momsaxureba mravalganzomilebiani koncefciaa da sxvadasxva
adamianisTvis is sxvadasxva Rirebulebis momtania. aseve, misi
aRqma yvela adamianis mier gansxvavebulia [1]. imisaTvis, rom kom-
paniebma efeqturad marTon momsaxurebis xarisxi, mniSvnelovania
imis codna, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben momxmareblebi maT
mier miwodebul momsaxurebis xarisxs. momxmarebelTa molodinebis formireba momsaxurebis
mimarT xdeba kompaniis mier kontrolirebadi (fasi, reklama,
gayidvebi da sxv.) da arakontolirebadi (pirovnuli moTxovni-
lebebi, WOM (Word-of-Mouth) - momxmarebelTa mier produqtebisa da
momsaxurebebis Sesaxeb xmis gavrceleba, konkurentebis SeTava-
zebebi, makroekonomikuri faqtorebi da sxv.) faqtorebis mixedviT.
momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebisas mniSvnelovania, Tu rogor
aRiqvams momxmarebeli momsaxurebis xarisxs. aRqmuli momsaxu-
reba aris momsaxurebis Sedegad miRebuli gamocdilebis subieq-
turi Sefaseba. aRqma yovelTvis ganixileba molodinebTan Seda-
rebiT, anu xdeba maTi Sedareba molodinebTan. vinaidan molo-
dinebs axasiaTebs dinamikuri xasiaTi, Sefasebac gansxvavebulia
sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva adamianebisa da gansxvavebuli kul-
turis mixedviT. aRqmuli faseuloba aris momxmareblisken mimar-
Tuli koncefcia. momsaxurebis aRqmuli xarisxis marTva niSnavs
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
45
kompaniis mxridan momxmareblebis mosalodneli da aRqmuli
momsaxurebis Tanxvedris uzrunvelyofas. swored am SemTxvevaSi
miiRweva momxmarebelTa kmayofileba.
momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebis gamokveTasa
da Sefasebis instrumentebis Seqmnaze mravali specialisti
muSaobda da muSaobs. maTgan gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania
parasuramanisa da misi kolegebis naSromebi (1988). maT, biznesis
oTx seqtorze dayrdnobiT, gansazRvres momsaxurebis xarisxis
aTi maxasiaTebeli: materialuroba, sandooba, reagirebis unari,
kompetenturoba, Tavazianoba, saimedooba, usafrTxoeba, xelmi-
sawvdomoba, komunikacia da momxmarebelTa moTxovnebis gageba.
Semdgom Seqmnes momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis instrumenti
SERVQUAL. aRniSnuli instrumentis ganviTarebis procesSi maT
mizanSewonilad CaTvales zemo aRniSnuli aTi maxasiaTeblis
xuT ZiriTad maxasiaTebelSi gaerTianeba. esenia: materialuroba
(garemos, samuSao aRWurvilobis, personalis, sakomunikacio masa-
lis da sxv. vizualuri mxare), sandooba (kompaniis mier momxma-
reblebisTvis dapirebuli momsaxurebis saTanadod Sesruleba),
reagirebis unari (momxmareblis daxmarebis survli da swrafi
momsaxureba), damajerebloba (TanamSromelTa profesionalizmi,
Tavazianoba da momxmareblis ndobis mopoveba), TanagrZnoba (mom-
xmarebelze zrunva da individualuri mopyroba). es kvleva SeiZ-
leba CaiTvalos momsaxurebis xarisxis kvlevis bazisad, razec
Semdgom mravalma mkvlevarma da mecnierma aago momsaxurebis
Sefasebis sxvadasxva modelebi [2].
imis argumentirebiT, rom SERVQUAL kvlevis instrumenti
zomavs mxolod momsaxurebis miwodebis process da ara momxma-
reblis momsaxurebasTan Sexebis Sedegs [3], gronrum (1984) momsa-
xurebis xarisxis Sefasebis sakuTar modelSi gansazRvra momsa-
xurebis xarisxis sami ganzomileba: teqnikuri xarisxi (momxma-
reblis mier kompaniasTan Sexebis Sedegad miRebuli momsaxurebis
xarisxi), funqcionaluri xarisxi (momsaxurebis gawevis procesi)
da imiji (miiRweva teqnikuri da funqcionaluri xarisxiT da sxva
damatebiTi faqtorebiT, rogorebicaa tradiciebi, organizaciis
kultura, ideologia, WOM (Word-of-Mouth), fasdadeba, sazogadoe-basTan urTierToba da sxv.). momxmareblebi momsaxurebis miRe-
bisas aRiqvamen imas, Tu ra saxis momsaxureba iqna maTTvis gaweu-
li da afaseben mas, rogorc procesis Sedegs. zogierTi tipis
momsaxurebis Sefasebisas, momsaxurebis teqnikuri ganzomilebis
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
46
Sefaseba rTulia. mag., samedicino momsaxurebis miRebisas samedi-
cino personalis kompetenturobisa da mkurnalobis efeqturobis
myisieri gansazRvra-Sefaseba pacientisaTvis SeuZlebelia. amitom,
aseT SemTxvevaSi xdeba momsaxurebis xarisxis funqcionaluri
ganzomilebis Sefaseba, kerZod, iseTi atributebisa, rogorebicaa
sandooba da empaTia. rac Seexeba imijs, servisis xarisxis aRq-
maSi is funqcionirebs, rogorc garkveuli filtri. kerZod, Tu
momxmareblebs ganmeorebiTi kontaqti aqvT momsaxurebis provai-
derebTan, maTze did gavlnas axdens warsuli gamocdileba. Tu
kompanias aqvs dadebiTi imiji momxmarebelTa gonebaSi, momxmare-
belTa mxridan umniSvnelo Secdomebis patiebis albaToba didia.
xolo, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Secdomebi xSirad meordeba, kompaniis
imiji Seilaxeba. Sedegad yalibdeba uaryofiTi imiji, rac iwvevs
Secdomebis gadametebulad, gazviadebulad Sefasebas momxmare-
belTa gonebaSi [4].
letinen da letinenis (1982) Tanaxmad, momsaxurebis xaris-
xis aRqma xdeba fizikuri maCveneblebis xarisxis, urTierTobis
xarisxisa da imijis saSualebiT. fizikuri maCveneblebis xarisxi
dakavSirebulia momsaxurebis "xelSesaxeb", mყar maxasiaTebleb-
Tan. interaqciis xarisxi aRniSnavs momsaxure personalsa da
momxmarebels Soris ganxorcielebul komunikaciaze, korporaci-
uli xarisxi ki, servisprovaideris imijis maCvenebelia. aqve xaz-
gasasmelia rom, Tu „korporaciul xarisxs~ SevadarebT danarCen
ors, aRmoCndeba, rom is ufro „myari~ da ucvlelia droTa
ganmavlobaSi[3].
haivud-farmeris (1988) mosazrebiT, kompania momxmarebels
maSin sTavazobs maRalxarisxian momsaxurebas, Tu miwodebuli
momsaxureba Seesabameba momxmareblis molodinebsa da preferen-
ciebs. amisaTvis saWiroa momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis atri-
butebis gancalkeveba da dajgufeba. mkvlevarma Seqmna samganzomi-
lebiani sqema. aRniSnuli modelis mixedviT, momsaxureba xasiaT-
deba sami atributis mixedviT: kontaqtisa da interaqciis done
(maRali-dabali), Sromis intensivoba (maRali-dabali) da momsaxu-
rebis klientze morgebis done (maRali-dabali). efeqtur kompa-
niebSi kavSiri arsebobs aRniSnul ganzomilebebsa da momxmarebe-
lTa molodinebi-aRqmas Soris. mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnul
atributebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba da mniSvnelobis miniWeba
kompaniis mxridan moxdes interaqciisa da momxmarebelTa moT-
xovnebze morgebis TvalsazrisiT. swored am SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
47
organizacia, uzrunvelyos maRali xarisxis momsaxurebis mi-
wodeba da momxarebelTa kmayofilebis maRali donis miRweva [5].
amrigad, kompaniebi, romlebic orientirebulni arian maRal-
xarisxian momsaxurebasa da momxmarebelTa maRali kmayofilebis
donis miRwevaze, mudmivad unda ikvlion, Tu ra kriteriumebiT
afaseben momxmarebelebi maT momsaxurebas. agreTve, analizi
gaakeTon, Tu ra kavSiria momxmarebelTa molodinebsa da
miRebuli momsaxurebis aRqmul Rirebulebas Soris.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. 1. Attributes of Service Quality: The Consumers' Perspective. Tigineh Mersha and Veena Adlakha. 3, s.l. : International Journal of Service, 1992, Vol. 3, pp. 34-45. 0956-4233.
2. 2. Christopher Lovelock, Jochen Wirtz. Services Marketing- People, Technology, Strategy. 6th Edition. s.l. : Prentice Hall, 2005. p. 12. B0041W0OD6.
3. Service Quality Dimensions: an examination of Gronroos's Service Quality Model. Gi-Du Kang and Jeffrey James. 4, s.l. : Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2004, Vol. 14, pp. 266-277. 0960-4529.
4. Lovelock Christopher, Jochen Wirtz. Services Marketing - People, Technology, Strategy. 5th Edition. s.l. : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2004. 0-13-126846-5.
5. A model for assessing consumer perceptions of quality. George Kenyon , Kabir Sen. 2, s.l. : Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2012, Internatinal Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, Vol. 4, pp. 175-188.
Tamar maRalaSvili biznesadministrirebis doqtoranti,
saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti
momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis kriteriumebi
anotacia
momxmarebelTa mier momsaxurebis xarisxis Sefasebis krite-
riumebis kvleva mniSvnelovania xarisxiani momsaxurebis miwo-
debaze orientirebuli kompaniebisaTvis.
momxmareblebs gaaCniaT momsaxurebis xarixis Sefasebis kon-
kretuli kriteriumebi, romlebic ayalibeben molodinebs. im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu organizaciebi gamoikvleven Tu ra molodinebi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
48
aqvT arsebul Tu potenciur momxmareblebs maTi kompaniebis
mimarT, isini ufro martivad SeZleben gaamarTlon momxmare-
belTa imedebi. Tu molodinebi da momsaxurebis SeZenis Sedegad
miRebuli aRqmuli faseuloba erTmaneTis tolia, momxmareblebi
darCebian kmayofilebi, xolo aRqmuli Rirebulebis gadaWarbebis
SemTxvevaSi - aRfrTovanebulebi. sapirispiro Sedegs iRebs kom-
pania, Tu molodinebi ufro maRalia vidre miRebuli faseuloba.
aqedan gamomdinare, momxmarebelze orientirebulma kompa-
niebma mudmivad unda ikvlion, Tu ra kriteriumebiT afaseben
momxmareblebi miRebuli momsaxurebis xarisxs.
Tamar Magalashvili Doctoral Candidate of Business Administration,
Georgian Technical University SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS
Annotation It is very important for customer oriented companies to research the criteria
customers use to evaluate service quality. Customers have service quality evaluation attributes that form expectations
toward the demanded service. If companies constantly research these criteria, it will be easier for them to propose proper service quality to customers. If expectations and received service value will be equal, customers remain satisfied. In reverse, if
companies do not know by what attributes is evaluation made, it will be hard for them
to design the right service quality and customers' satisfaction level will become low.
Магалашвили Тамар Докторант Бизнес Администрирования, Грузинский Технический Университет
КРИТЕРИИ КАЧЕСТВО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ Аннотация
Это очень важно для на сервис ориентированных компаний исследовать критерии по которыми клиенты оценивают качеству обслуживания.
Клиенты имеют критерии оценки качества обслуживания, которые формируют ожидания требуемого обслуживания. Если компании постоянно исследуют эти критерии, для них будет проще редложить надлежащее качество услуг для клиентов. Если ожидания и полученное значение обслуживания будут равны, клиенты остаются довольны. В обратном случае, если компании не знают, по какими признаками производится оценка, будет трудно для них, чтобы проектировать правильную качества обслуживания и уровень удовлетворенности клиентов станет низким.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
49
irma guraSvili saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvewodebulis
sax. qarTuli universitetis doqtoranti
marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi
marketingi aris fundamenturi sawyisi biznesis marTvis
dros. marketingis mizani firmis konkurentuli Tvisebebis gamov-
lena da maTi gaZliereba, aqtiuri zegavlenis moxdena miwodebisa
da moTxovnis SerCeul segmentze (~niSa bazarze~). sabazro
kvlevis Sedegad sawarmo SeimuSavebs strategias, romelic moce-
mul periodSi uzrunvelyofs dasaxuli miznebis efeqtian miR-
wevas. sawarmos marTvis dros marketingis saSualebebis efeq-
tianad gamoyenebisaTvis saWiroa Semdegi procesebis warmarTva:
- ganviTarebis marketinguli strategiis SemuSaveba;
- bazris kvleva da momxmarebelTa qcevis Seswavla, garkveva
imisa Tu ra faqtori axdens gavlenas momxmareblis arCevanze:
fasi, Semosavali, samomxmareblo Tvisebebi, warmoebis xarjebi,
asortimentis didi arCevani Tu konkurentebis mudmivi monito-
ringi;
- ekonomikuri da finansuri maCveneblebis analizi
sagamomcemlo saqmeSi;
- produqciis asortimentis gansazRvra;
- safaso politikis SemuSaveba;
- momxmarebelTa rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, maqsimalurad
daakmayofilos moTxovna;
- momxmareblis moTxovnis dakmayofilebis SerCeva;
- merCendaizingi;
- sareklamo da sxva saSualebebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba
wigniT vaWrobaSi;
marketinguli saSualebebiT problemis gadaWris xerxebs
warmoadgens marketinguli kvleva, gamokiTxva, ekonomikuri da
finansuri analizi, marketinguli dagegmva,statistikuri maCveneb-
lebis Seswavla da reitingebis gansazRvra, romlebic mudmivad
Suqdeba mediasa da presaSi. marketingis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amo-
cana samewarmeo saqmianobaSi momxmareblis moTxovnisa da qcevis
Seswavlaa. did gamomcemlobebsa da wignis maRaziebSi iqmneba
specialurad marketinguli ganyofilebebi, romlTa rekomenda-
ciis gareSe menejmenti ar iRebs gadawyvetilebebs saqonlis mo-
culobis zrdaze an klebaze, asortimentis mravalferovnebaze,
Sesyidvebis moculobaze, sacalo da sabiTumo fasebze.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
50
mniSvnelovania Semdegi prioritetebis, marketinguli Tavi-
seburebebis gaTvaliswineba, rac ZiriTadad wigniT vaWrobisTvis
aris damaxasiaTebeli:
- TiToeuli wigni inteleqtualuri saqmianobis produqtia,
romlis Sinaarsic aris unikaluri, es aris codna, romelic
gankuTvnilia realobis Sesacvlelad (produqtis, romelic ara-
pirdapir ukavSirdeba adamianis materialur keTildReobas);
- yidvis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas momxmarebeli
winaswararkvevs wignis Tematikas, Sinaarss da missaWiroebas
(Sefasebis procesis gardauvaloba da SeZena emTxveva moxmarebis
process);
wigns aqvs mizani da gankuTvnilia mkiTxvelTa farTo wri-
saTvis, es gamowveulia ara mxolod TemiT da SinaarsiT, aramed
dizainiT, moculobiT, tiraJiT, sabiTumo da sacalo realizaci-
is fasiT, romelic mTavaria wignis TviTRirebulebis gansaz-
RvrisTvis. devizi „yvela wigni ipovis myidvels!~ zustad asaxavs
marketingis am Tvisebas;
konkretuli dasaxelebis wigns momxmarebeli mxolod erT-
xel yidulobs (anu wigni erTjeradi SeZenis saqonelia).
wignebis bazris marketingisaTvis sasicocxlo cikli Zali-
an miSvnelovania, sasicocxlo cikli _ es aris periodi, rode-
sac wigni gayidvadia bazarze. sasicocxlo ciklis klasikuri
mrudi Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs Semdeg fazebs (sqema 1): „bazarze
SeRweva“, sadac mizani bazarze SeRwevaa; „zrda~ - produqtis
aRiarebisa da gafarToebuli gayidvebis faza; „gajereba~ - moT-
xovnilebis nel-nela dakmayofilebis faza; „Semcireba“ - gayid-
vebisa da mogebis Semcirebis etapi.
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
ბაზარზე შეღწევა ზრდა გაჯერება ვარდნა
sqema 1. wignis sasicocxlo ciklis mrudi
praqtikam aCvena, rom wignis bazarze arsebobs sasicocxlo
ciklis modificirebuli modelic (sqema 2).
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
51
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ბაზარზე შეღწევა ზრდა გაჯერება ვარდნა
sqema 2. wignis sasicocxlo ciklis modificirebuli modeli.
wignebis bazris yvela segmenti Seesabameba sxvadasxva Janrs,
sxvadasxva mizans, sxvadasxva Tematikas, maT sxvadasxva sasicocxlo
cikli aqvT. magaliTad, yvelaze grZeli sasicocxlo cikli
ZviradRirebul albomebsa da xelovnebaze Seqmnil wignebs aqvs. aris
„sezonuri“ wignebi, esenia saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic umTavre-
sad iyideba mxolod „sezonze“ saswavlo wlis dasawyisSi. aRsa-
niSnavia „nostalgiuri“ wignebi, romelTa ganmeorebiTi gamocema
kargad iyideba. momxmarebelTa „daintereseba“, esenia mravalto-
meulebi, romelTa sasicocxlo ciklic SedarebiT didia. mniSvne-
lovania iseTi gamocemebi, romlebic mieZRvna raime konkretul
TariRs an movlenas. zogierT gamocemaze SeiZleba iyos didi
moTxovna da Zalian maRali gayidvebi, xolo zogierT gamocemebze,
dabali gayidvebi anu Cavardna. zustad gansazRvro wignis sasi-
cocxlo ciklis mrudi - es gamomcemelis warmatebis sawindaria.
sagamomcemlo biznesis marketingSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
sasaqonlo ciklis gansazRvras da wignebis tiraJs. maRazia, ro-
melic ganaxorcielebs ama Tu im wignis garkveuli tiraJiT SeZenas,
misi sasicocxlo ciklis mrudi gansxvavebuli iqneba, radgan wignis
maRaziaSi warmodgenilia sxvadasxva wignebis sruli asortimenti,
amasTanave xdeba asortimentis ganmeorebiTi Sevsebac. axali
gamocemebis standartuli sasicocxlo ciklis mruds, magaliTad
Tbilisis gareubnis maRaziebSi,gansxvavebuli saxe aqvs (sqema 3), imis
gamo, rom gayidvebis piki da bazris gajereba erTmaneTTan SedarebiT
axlosaa, rac gamowveulia „lokaluri“ moTxovniT da romelic
Semoifargleba momxmarebelTa SezRuduli raodenobiT, rasac
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
52
konkretuli raionismosaxleobis raodenoba gansazRvravs. raionis
mosaxleobis raodenobis cvlilebasTan erTad SeiZleba Sicvalos
wignis sasicocxli ciklis mrudi, magaliTad centralur raionebSi,
sadac bevri ofisia da sadac bevri turistia an savaWro centrebi
mravlad gvxvdeba, wignis sasicocxlo mrudi uaxlovdeba zemoT
warmodgenil (sqema 1)standartul mruds.
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
0 1 2 3 4 5
ახალად გამოსული
წიგნის სასიცოცხლო
ციკლი, ქალაქის
გარეუბანში
sqema 3. axali wignebis sasicocxlo cikli qalaqis gareubnis
maRaziebSi
marketinguli dagegmvis dros efeqtianad iTvleba wignebis
raodenobis analizi da Sefaseba, sadac warmodgenilia moTxovnisa
da miwodebis Tanafardoba raime erTi saxeobis produqtze (mag.,
saxelmZRvaneloebi, deteqtivebi da sxva). wignebis aseTi klasifi-
kacia bazris erTi romelime segmentis gamokvlevis saSualebas
iZleva. magaliTad, Tu gaizarda moTxovna deteqtivebze da bazari
gajerebuli ar aris, sagamomcemlo fasi deteqtivebze gaizrdeba.
grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi deteqtivebze moTxovnis gazrda ki
gamoiwvevs deteqtiuri Janris produqciis moculobis momatebas
(tiraJisa da dasaxelebebis raodenobis momatebis xarjze),
Semcirdeba sacalo fasebic bazris gajerebis gamo.
wignze moTxovnis arsebobis erT-erTi maCvenebelia fasis
elastikuroba. rogorc wesi, wigni ekuTvnis naklebad elastikuri
produqciis jgufs, zogierTi Janris wignis elastikuroba ki
TiTqmis nuls utoldeba, aseTia, magaliTad, saganmanaTleblo da
biznesliteratura. elastikuroba maRalia magaliTad gasarTob da
beletristikul literaturaze, maRali elastikurobiT xasiaTdeba
mxatvruli literatura da cnobarebi (cxr. 1).
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
53
cxrili 1
wignebze moTxovnis elastikuroba
jgufis dasaxeleba
socialuri
daniSnulebis
mixedviT
jgufis asortimenti
moTxovnis elastikuroba
prestiJuli
gamocemebi
maRali xasrisxis gamocemebi:
gamocemebi xelovnebaze,
albomebi, sasaCuqre gamocemebi,
sakoleqcio, miniaturuli da
antikvaruli gamocemebi
elastikuroba izrdeba
fasis zrdis dros
profesiuli
gamocemebi
monografiebi, cnobarebi,
sawarmos marTvis praqtikuli
xelmZRvaneloebi, wignebi
mecnierebaze, teqnikasa da
kulturaze
dabalelastikuria, ar
aris fasze damokidebuli
gasarTobi
gamocemebi
gamocemebi qargvaze, sportze;
istoriuli gamocemebi,
deteqtivebi, fantastika,
romanebi da sxva mxatvruli
literatura
elastikuroba dabalia
fasis zrdis dros.
iafasiani gamocemebi reprintebi, dabali xarisxis
gamocemebi, Tematika emTxveva
gasarTob gamocemebs, oRond
beWdvis xarisxi dabalia
elastikuroba dabalia
Semosavlebis zrdis dros
sezonuri gamocemebi kalendrebi, misaloci baraTebi,
aqtualuri politikuri wignebi,
gamocemebi romlebic eZRvneba
konkretul TariRebs da
movlenebs
dabalelastikuria, ar
aris damokidebuli fasze
arasezonurobis
mixedviT. sezonze fasis
elastiuroba izrdeba
saxelmZRvaneloebi saxelmZRvaneloebi
skolebisTvis, kolejebisaTvis
da institutebisaTvis, wignebis
aRzrdisaTvis da skolamdeli
asakis bavSvebisaTvis
gankuTvnili literatura,
gamocemebi pirveladi
daxmarebis aRmoCenis
Sesaswavlad
dabalelastikuria,
TiTqmis ar aris damoki-
debuli fasze
moTxovnis damokidebuleba fasze konkretul jgufSi gviC-
venebs fasis elastikurobas, magram am jgufSi fasebi meryeobs,
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
54
aqedan gamomdinare, Seqmnilia fasebis diapazoni, e.w. fasebis xazi,
sadac TiToeul jgufze iqneba maqsimaluri moTxovna. magaliTad,
„saxelmZRvaneloebis“ jgufis asortimentze safaso politika iqneba
iseTi, rogoric es mocemulia me-4 sqemaze. safaso politikis
gansazRvra exmareba gamomcemlobis an wignis maRaziis marketo-
logs, gansazRvros sarekomendacio fasi da gamoiangariSos
moTxovna.
0
5
10
15
20
sqema 4. saxelmZRvaneloebis „safaso~ xazi
moTxovnis elastikurobis mrudi Semosavlis mixedviT dade-
biTia, Tu Semosavlebis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba gayiduli
egzemplarebis raodenoba, magram konkretuli drois Semdeg dgeba
„gajerebis“ periodi. me-5 sqemaze „a“ mrudiT mocemulia gayidvebis
zrdis mrudi, xolo „b“ mrudiT _ „gajerebis“ etapi, sadac gayiduli
wignebis raodenoba aRar aris damokidebuli Semosavalze. gamokv-
levebi gviCvenebs, rom wignis, rogorc grZelvadiani moxmarebis
sagnis, fiqsirebul Semosavlebze gayidvebi izrdeba axali ojaxebis
Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi, romlebic Tavis biblioTekas qmnian. aseve misi
zrda damokidebulia studentebisa da umaRlesdamTavrebuli spe-
cialistebis raodenobaze.
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4 5
ა
ბ
sqema 5. gayidvebis mrudi
Semdeg sqemaze mocemuli mrudebi aRniSnavs Semosavlebisa da
gayidvebis urTierTdamokidebulebas sagamomcemlo sferoSi,
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
55
romelic icvleba fasisa da daniSnulebis mixedviT (sqema 6). sqema
aCevenebs, rom „gajereba“ pirvelad saxelmZRvaneloebis jgufSi
dgeba, Semdegi modis iafasiani gamocemebi, Semdegi ki - profesiuli
literatura, xolo yvelaze bolos „prestiJuli“ literaturaa.
0
5
10
15
0 2 4 6
სახელმძღვანელო
ები
გასართობი
ლიტერატურა
პროფესიული
ლიტერატურა
sqema 6. Semosavlebisa da gayidvebis urTierTdamokidebuleba
sagamomcemlo biznesSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba momxmare-
belTa kvlevas. aseT kvlevebs mizanmimarTulad awarmoeben gamom-
cemlobebisa da wignis maRaziebis marketingis samsaxurebi. isini
atareben sxvadasxva kvlevebs sxvadasxva saxelwodebiT, e.w. „ myid-
velebis portretebs~, „brendis erTguleba~, „myidvelTa loialoba~
da sxv. magaliTad, marketinguli kvleva, romelic gansazRvravs
myidvelTa asakis Tanafardobas myidvelTa saerTo raodenobaSi,
dominirebs 20-dan 29 wlamde 52% momxmarebeli, 20 wlamde axal-
gazrdebi - 27% (sqema 7), am konkretul kategoriaSi myidvelTa 45%-s
aqvs umaRlesi ganaTleba, 29%-s arasruli umaRlesi ganaTleba, isini
ZiriTadad is studentebi arian, romlebic swavloben me-4-5 kursze,
18%-s aqvs saSualo ganaTleba, 18% swavlobs umaRlesi saswavleb-
lis pirvel-meore kursze, 7% swavlobs kolejSi da 1% _ saSualo
skolis damamTavrebel klasebSi (sqema 8).
20-29 წელი
30-39 წელი
40-49 წელი
20-27 წელი
დანარჩენი
sqema 7. myidvelTa asakis procentuli maCveneblebi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
56
უმაღლესი განათლება
არასრული უმაღლესი
განათლება
sqema 8. momxmarebelTa ganaTlebis done wignis bazarze
kvlevis interesebidan gamomdinare, ganisazRvra aseve Se-
mosavlis odenobac. radgan gamokiTxulTa umetesi nawili erideba
Semosavlis dasaxelebas, Catarebuli gamokvlevis Sedegad gani-
sazRvra jgufebi. myidvelTa jgufebis dayofa Semosavlebis mixed-
viT gadanawilda Semdegnairad: saSualoze maRalSemosavliani -
28%, saSualo Semosavliani fena - 69%, dabalSemosavliani fena -
3%.
dasaqmebis mixedviT wignebis sayidlad maRaziaSi mimsvlelTa
procentuli maCveneblebi Semdegnairad gadanawilda: profesio-
nalebi umaRlesi ganaTlebiT - 32%, specialistebi saSualo ganaT-
lebiT - 6%, studentebi - 49%, umaRlesi da saSualo rgolis mene-
jerebi - 5%, sakuTari kompaniebis mflobelebi - 2%, kulturis sfe-
ros warmomadgenlebi - 2%, momsaxurebis sferos warmomadgenlebi -
2%, umuSevrebi - 2%.
SekiTxvaze, ra mizeziT SemoxvediT maRaziaSi? respondentebma
sxvadasxvanairad upasuxes. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxulTa umetesoba _
36% konkretuli wignis SesaZenad movida, 16%-ma SemTxveviT Semo-
iara,Seiara maRaziaSi, 7%-ma radgan Tavisufali dro gamouCnda,
xuTma procentma upasuxa, rom miizida asortimentma, 9% mivida Ria
baraTebis an rukebis SesaZenad, romlebic ar moiZebna sxva wignis
maRaziebSi (sqema 9).
კონკრეტული წიგნის
შესაძენად მოვიდა
ახლოს გაიარა და
შემოიარა
sqema 9. momxmarebelTa interesi wignis maRaziaSi
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
57
wignis bazris kvlevebma aCvena, rom saqarTveloSi wignis
maRaziaSi „ZiriTadi“ myidveli 30 wlamde specialistia umaRlesi
ganaTlebiT da saSualo SemosavliT. aseve studentebi, romlebic
mizanmimarTulad eZeben da yiduloben konkretul wignebs. rodesac
ici vin aris myidveli, ici misi fsiqologia, advilia SeimuSao
marketinguli strategia, gansazRvro safaso politika, SearCio
profesionali konsultantebi sxvadasxva JanrisTvis da sxva.
momxmarebelTa kontingentis Secvlis SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisad
SeiZleba Seicvalos maRaziis muSaoba momxmarebelTan, sadac
maqsimalurad iqneba gaTvaliswinebuli momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi
da SesaZlebelia maTi motivacia da stimulireba. saqarTveloSi
saSualo statistikuri monacemebiT, moqalaqeTa samomxmareblo
kalaTaSi danaxarjebi wignze Seadgens Zalian mcire nawils (2%-ze
naklebs). amitom sagamomcemlo biznesis maxasiaTeblebisSeswavla
xdeba ZiriTadad gamomcemelTa, wignis maRaziebisa da biTumad
wigniT movaWreTa mier. sakuTari momxmareblis da misi moTxovnis
codna myari konkurentianobis garantiaa wignis biznesSi.
marketinguli kvleva sagamomcemlo saqmeSi oTx ZiriTad bloks
moicavs, esenia: wignis produqciis bazris kvleva, fasebis kvleva,
savaWro saqmiani urTierTobebis kvleva, sabiTumo bazris kvleva,
wigniT movaWreTa momaragebis kvleva (cxrili 2). unda aRiniSnos,
rom kvlevis mimarTulebebi da marketinguli komponentebis stra-
tegia gulisxmobs marketingul miqss, rac aerTianebs resursebsa da
xarjebs, aseve resursebsa da Sedegebs. marketinguli miqsi aer-
Tianebs marketinguli saqmianobis urTierTkavSiris Sedegebs da
emsaxureba sawarmos pozicionirebas bazarze. erTi mxriv resursebi
da danaxarjebi (saavtoro uflebebi, poligrafiuli momsaxureba,
qaRaldis bazari) da meore mxriv resursebi da Sedegebi (pirvel
rigSi samomxmareblo bazari). yvelaze didi mniSvneloba eniWeba
swor pozicionirebas samomxmareblo bazarze. swored masTan aris
dakavSirebuli wignis biznesis sainvesticio riski. biznesmeni,
romelic Cadebs investicias sagamomcemlo saqmeSi bazris winaswari
kvlevis gareSe da ar gaaCnia sakuTari marketinguli srtategia,
ganwirulia warumateblobisaTvis.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
58
cxrili 2
wignis bazris marketinguli kvlevis komponentebi
marketingi
kvlevebis marTva Sedegebis gamoyeneba
wignis produqciis bazris kvleva asortimentis politika
fasebis kvleva safaso politika
savaWro saqmiani urTierTobebis
kvleva
savaWro politika
sabiTumo bazris kvleva sabiTumo politika
sawarmos momaragebis politika gasaRebis politika
marketinguli kvlevebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, davadginoT
gamomcemlobebisa da wignis maRaziebis konkurentunarianoba,
romlebsac miekuTvneba: asortimentis mravalferovneba (univer-
saluri gamomcemloba), specializacia, cnobadoba (seriuli
gamocemebi), fasi-xarisxis Sesabamisoba (fasis Sesabamisoba miznob-
rivi jgufis gadaxdisunarianobasTan), gasaRebis arxebis mraval-
ferovneba, reklama, tiraJisa da fasis optimaluri Tanafardoba,
grZelvadiani sagamomcemlo programis arseboba (sagamomcemlo
portfeli, rogorc gamomcemlobis saqmianobis safuZveli – inte-
leqtualuri sakuTreba), gasaRebis efeqtiani arxebi, kvalificiuri
redaqtorebi da gayidvis menejerebi, bazris sworad Catarebuli
marketinguli kvleva.
gamomcemelTa kavSirebis sistema wignis maRaziebsa da biTumad
movaWreebTan gansazRvravs gadaricxvebis raodenobas, romelzec
damokidebulia firmis konkurentunarianoba. mTavar finansur risks
Tavis Tavze iRebs gamomcemeli- mewarme, amitom, warmatebis
miRwevisas, sagamomcemlo marketings gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs
wignis biznesSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom marketing-miqsis komponentebi gansxvavdeba
wminda sagamomcemlo marketingis komponentebisagan. magaliTad,
wignis maRaziis konkurentunarianobisaTvis mniSvnelovania: maRa-
ziis adgilmdebareoba, transportis arseboba, rogori tipis
raionSia (gareubania Tu qalaqis centri) maRazia, maRaziis farTi,
asortimentis mravalferovneba sxvadasxva Tematur jgufebSi,
asortimentis ganaxlebis sixSire, gasuli wlebis gamocemebis
arseboba maRaziaSi, fasebis done da fasdaklebebi, reklama,
maRaziis konsultantebis kvalifikaciis done, megobruli garemo,
damatebiTi momsaxureba, marketinguli kvlevebis aqtiuri gamoyeneba.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
59
marketingis Semadgenel nawilad iTvleba marketinguli
komunikacia, romlis mniSvnelovani nawilia reklama. marketinguli
kvlevebi gulisxmobs Sida da gare garemos kvlevas. Sida garemos
kvlevis erT-erT mniSvnelovan nawilad iTvleba SWOT analizi.
arsebobs sxva meTodebic, magaliTad bostonis universitetis
kvlevis meTodebi. momxmarebelTa kvleva tardeba gamokiTxvis
meTodiT, romlis momzadeba da Catareba specialur momzadebas
moiTxovs.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. Pedersen M.P. Crooked Printers, Inflation Bedevil/Publishers Weekly. - 1994.
2. Bertelcmann tout granit /Livres Hebdo. 2006. 3. Нервные центры книжного бизнеса // Витрина. 2000. 4. Портер М. Международная конкуренция. М., 1993. 5. Рябова М.Э. Опыт конструирования социальной философии // М.,
2004. 6. Стандарты в книжном деле. М., Изд-во ТД «Библио-Глобус»,
2000. 7. Маковеев Н.П. Маркетинг в издательском деле и тенденции
развития рынка. 2008. № 9. 8. Корпоративный механизм хозяйствования и мезоэкономическое
структурирование / Под ред. И.К. Ларионова. М., Союз, 2000. 9. Костюк В.Н. Информация как социальный и экономический
ресурс. М., Магистр, 1997.
irma guraSvili saqarTvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvewodebulis
sax. qarTuli universitetis doqtoranti
marketinguli strategia wigniT vaWrobaSi
anotacia
statiaSi ganxilulia sawarmos marTvisas marketingis
saSualebebis efeqtiani gamoyenebis ZiriTadi instrumentebi
da meTodebi. gaanalizebulia wigniT vaWrobaSi marketingu-
li strategiis roli da mniSvneloba.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
60
Irma Gurashvili
PHD studentof St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University of the Patriarchate of Georgia
MARKETING STRATEGY IN THE BOOK TRADE Annotation
The article discusses main instruments and methods of efficient use of
marketing means in enterprise managing. Is analyzed the role and significance of marketing strategy in book trading.
Гурашвили Ирма ДокторантГрузинского Университета
Светова Андрея Первозвонца, ПатриархияГрузии МАРКЕТИНГОВАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ В КНИЖНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ
Аннотация
В статье рассмотрены основные инструменты и методы эффективного использования маркетинговых средств в управлении предприятиемю Проанализированы роль и значение маркетинговой стратегии в книжной торговле.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
61
mariam giorgaZe Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis institutis
turizmis saerTaSoriso skolis studenti,
rusudan sirbilaZe ekonomikis doqtori, Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis
institutis turizmis saerTaSoriso skola
erovnuli Semosavalis gamoTvla da turizmi
sabazro ekonomikis qveynebis mTavari mizania ekonomikuri
zrda, rac, ZiriTadad, erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvlasa da mis
zrdaSi poulobs asaxvas, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda ufro meti
saqonlis da momsaxurebis warmoebas da cxovrebis maRal dones
ganapirobebs. nebismieri ekonomikuri subieqtis ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis Sesafaseblad saWiroa misi Semosavlis gamoTvla.
rac ufro maRalia adamianebis Semosavali, miT metia maTi eko-
nomikuri cxovrebis done.
erovnuli Semosavlis zrda damokidebulia mTliani Sida
produqtis zrdaze, romelic Seicavs mimdinare periodSi qveynis
SigniT warmoebuli saboloo saqonlis da momsaxurebis Rirebu-
lebas. qveynis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa mwarmoeblurobis arse-
boba da misi zrda.
mTliani Sida produqtis zrdis da, zogadad, ekonomikis
zrdis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia turizmi. maszea damoki-
debuli ramdeni fulis nakadi Semodis qveyanaSi am sferodan.
turizmi msoflios ekonomikis erT-erTi wamyvani dargia da mas
nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seaqvs.
turizms didi xnis istoria aqvs Tumca im saxiT, rogoriTac mas
vicnobT, me-20 saukunidan modis.
Tanamedrove pirobebSi turizmi da mogzauroba sagrZnoblad
gaizarda rogorc ekonomikuri, ise socialuri mniSvnelobiT da
ganviTarebuli qveynebis umetesobaSi yvelaze swrafad mzardi
ekonomikuri seqtori gaxda.
turizmis erovnuli administraciis bolodroindeli kvle-
vis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi turizmis sfero swrafi tempiT vi-
Tardeba. oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT turizmis seqtoris
zrdiT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave qveyanaa da am mxriv Cveni
qveynis maCvenebelma msoflio turizmis maCvenebelsac gauwia
konkurencia.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
62
turizms, rogorc saerTaSoriso industrias, SeuZlia udi-
desi roli Seasrulos qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebasa da Ra-
ribTa fenis SemcirebaSi. turizms SeuZlia fexze wamoayenos
qveynis ekonomika, Seqmnas axali samuSao adgilebi, daasaqmos
adamianebi, qveyanaSi uzrunvelyos valutis Semodineba, gaamdid-
ros biujeti, ganaviTaros infrastruqtura, gaafarToos Sida
bazari da Tanabar niSnulze aiyvanos regionebis ekonomikuri
ganviTareba.
turizmi ekonomikuri saqmianobis rTuli saxea da moicavs
ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorebs. turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTa-
di safuZveli misi momgebianobaa. bevr qveyanaSi turizmi dRemde
warmoadgens saqmianobis axal saxes, ris gamoc bevri xelisuf-
leba, da xSirad kerZo seqtoric, ar flobs sakmaris gamocdile-
bas turizmis saTanado ganviTarebis saqmeSi. maRalprofesiuli
midgomis gareSe turizmis ganviTarebam SeiZleba moulodneli da
arasasurveli zegavlena moaxdinos qveynis mTel ekonomikaze.
imisTvis, rom turizmma gansakuTrebuli roli Seasrulos da
gazardos qveynis ekonomika, mTavroba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas
unda aqcevdes ekonomikis am mzard seqtors. dargisadmi aseTi
yuradRebis kargi magaliTi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebia,
romelic Semosavlebis mixedviT msoflio mogzaurobisa da
turizmis bazris lideria.
kvlevebma aCvena rom, miuxedavad saqarTvelos warmatebisa
msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso safinanso organizaciebis
reitingebSi, Cveni qveynis turizmis seqtori saerTaSoriso arena-
ze arcTu ise mimzidveli iyo. amitom msoflio ekonomikur fo-
rumze, msoflio mogzaurobis, turizmis sabWosa da eqspertebis
yovelwliur angariSebSi saqarTvelos mogzaurobisa da turiz-
mis indikatorebi saerTod ar qveyndeboda am monacemTa ararse-
bobis gamo.
turizmi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs ekonomikur zrdasa da
ekonomikuri zrdis stimulirebaSi, samuSao adgilebis da pozi-
tiuri gare faqtorebis SeqmnaSi, rac pirdapir da iribad axdens
zegavlenas sxva ekonomikur aqtivobebze. turizmSi swori gadaw-
yvetilebis miRebisaTvis aucilebelia ekonomikuri analizis
Catareba. is mniSvnelovan informacias Seicavs da afasebs turis-
tuli saqmianobis Senatans regionisa da qveynis ekonomikaSi.
turizmi rom erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad ganviTarebadi
seqtoria saqarTveloSi, amas jamuri monacemebi adasturebs.
dReisaTvis turizmi da mogzauroba sagrZnoblad gaizarda ro-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
63
gorc ekonomikuri, ise socialuri mniSvnelobiT da ganviTare-
buli qveynebis umetesobaSi yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri
seqtori gaxda.
turizmis erovnuli administraciis bolodroindeli kvle-
vis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi turizmis sfero swrafi tempiT
viTardeba. oficialuri monacemebis mixedviT, turizmis seqtoris
zrdis mixedviT saqarTvelo erT-erTi mowinave qveyanaa da am
mxriv Cveni qveynis maCvenebelma msoflio turizmis zrdis maC-
venebelsac ki gauswro.
turizmi warmoadgens ekonomikuri saqmianobis metad rTul
saxes, romelic moicavs ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtorebs. amasTan,
qveynebis umetesobaSi turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTad safuZveli
misi ekonomikuri momgebianobaa. bevr qveyanaSi turizmi dRemde
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
64
warmoadgens saqmianobis axal saxes, ris gamoc bevri xelisuf-
leba da, xSirad kerZo seqtoric ki, ar flobs sakmaris gamoc-
dilebas turizmis saTanado ganviTarebis saqmeSi. maRalprofe-
siuli midgomis gareSe turizmis ganviTarebam SeiZleba moulod-
neli da arasasurveli zegavlena moaxdinos qveynis mTel eko-
nomikaze, amitom dargi xelisuflebis mxridan mniSvnelovan
yuradRebas moiTxovs.
dargisadmi amgvari yuradRebis kargi magaliTia amerikis
SeerTebuli Statebi, romelic Semosavlebis mixedviT msoflio
mogzaurobisa da turizmis bazris lideria.
erovnuli administraciis, rogorc saxelmwifo politikis
gamtarebeli organos, misiaa: gazardos qveynis cnobadoba saer-
TaSoriso masStabiT, uzrunvelyos qveyanaSi rogorc Semoyvanis,
ise Sida turizmis stimulireba, xeli Seuwyos turizmis bizne-
sisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas, gazardos qveynis konku-
rentunarianoba, uzrunvelyos qveynis usafrTxo imijis popula-
rizacia.
turizmis saerTaSoriso da internacionalur industriad
gadaqcevas xeli Seuwyo orma urTierTganmapirobebelma faqtor-
ma. erTi mxriv, turistuli sawarmoebi sargeblianobisa da
Semosavlianobis gasazrdelad sistemurad afarToeben mogzau-
robis geografias mTel msoflioSi da, meore mxriv, rentabe-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
65
lobis asamaRleblad turistuli biznesis investirebas axdenen
saerTaSoriso masStabiT.
turizmis miwodebis faqtorebia:
1. turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi.
2. turizmis ZiriTadi saSualebebi, romelsac miekuTvneba:
sastumroebi,
kempingebi, stumris saxlebi da ganTavsebis sxva saSua-
lebebi.
3. turebis da mogzaurobebis organizacia, restornebi, maRa-
ziebi, sabanko momsaxurebebi da sxva.
am faqtorTa sargeblobisTvis saWiroa gamarTuli infra-
struqtura, romelic moicavs transports, energias, telekomuni-
kaciebs, narCenebis mocilebas da sxva. aseve aucilebelia bunebis
dacva, rac xels uwyobs garemos, bunebis mdgrad SenarCunebas,
rac aseve aucilebelia turizmis biznesis ganviTarebisTvis.
turizmis ekonomikuri funqcia vlindeba turizmis investirebaSi,
Tumca, iseve, rogorc sxva dargebSi, investirebis nakleboba
SeiniSneba turizmSic. investirebis klebis ori mizezi arsebobs.
1. globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi da 2. qveynis SigniT arsebuli
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saerTaSoriso sainvesticio resursebis
bazarze postkrizisuli periodebi yovelTvis xasiaTdeba sain-
vesticio aqtivebis dacemiT da investorebi ZiriTadad bazris
analiziT da molodiniT arian dakavebuli. saqarTvelos inves-
ticiebis Semcirebis Sida faqtorebidan yvelaze mniSvnelovania
politikuri arastabiluroba. turizmis ganviTarebisTvis, inves-
ticiebTan erTad, mniSvnelovania danazogebi. danazogebis arse-
boba Tavis mxriv ganapirobebs kapitalis Semdgom investirebas da
ekonomikur zrdas. Tu danazogebi ar arsebobs imatebs ucxour
kapitalze damokidebuleba, rac krizisul periodSi qveynis
riskebs zrdis. qveynebi sxvadasxva meTodebiT cdiloben ganavi-
Taron turizmis industria. xeli unda SevuwyoT iseTi investi-
ciebis ganxorcielebas, romelic ar daarRvvevs kulturis da
bunebis avTenturobas.
turizmis dagegmva da ganviTareba sabazro ekonomikis Ziri-
Tad principebs unda iTvaliswinebdes da ganxiluli unda iyos,
rogorc moTxovnis da miwodebis faqtorebis urTierTdakavSi-
rebuli sistema.
Tanamedrove periodSi turizmi sul ufro da ufro po-
pularuli xdeba. amasTan, aRsaniSnavia turistTa codnis maRali
done, kerZod, internetisa da globalizaciis pirobebSi. mog-
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zaurma mogzaurobamde icis sad unda wasvla, risi monaxuleba
surs, romeli aviakompaniiT sargeblobas aZlevs upiratesobas,
sad rogori fasebia, romeli sastumro urCevnia da a. S. amitom
sul ufro rTuldeba turistTa moTxovnebis dakmayofileba
turizmSi momuSave adamianebisTvis. miT umetes, roca turizmis,
mogzaurobis mizezi SeiZleba mravalferovani iyos. gamajansa-
Rebeli, samkurnalo, sportuli, religiuri, saganmanaTleblo
SemecnebiTi, piradi siamovnebisTvis da a. S.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, saqarTvelo aRiarebs turiz-
mis da kurortebis dargs, rogorc erovnuli kulturis da eko-
nomikis ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritets. prioriteti miznad
unda isaxavdes qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faq-
torebisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvilebas. kerZod,
turizmis ganviTarebam qveyanaSi xeli unda Seuwyos mwarmoe-
bulobis zrdas, mTliani Sida produqtis da misi Semadgeneli
komponentebis: moxmarebis, investiciebis, saxelmwifo Sesyidvebis,
wminda eqsportisTvis gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvilebas,
radgan mTliani Sida produqtis zrda mTlian erovnul pro-
duqts, da masTan erTad erovnul Semosavals zrdis, rac eko-
nomikuri miRwevebis gansakuTrebuli pirobaa. swored amazea da-
mokidebuli Cveni ojaxebis siZliere, janmrTeloba, ganaTleba,
gonebamaxviloba, Rirseba, sibrZne da samSoblosadmi Cveni erT-
guleba.
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mi: ekonomika da biznesi, gv. 471, 2011.
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8. turizmis mzardi statistika saqarTveloSi -
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18. Economy.ge
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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mariam giorgaZe Tsu turizmis ganviTarebis institutis
turizmis saerTaSoriso skolis studenti,
rusudan sirbilaZe ekonomikis doqtori, Tsu turizmis
ganviTarebis institutis turizmis saerTaSoriso skola
erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvla da turizmi anotacia
sabazro ekonomikis qveynebis mTavari mizani ekonomikuri
zrdaa, rac ZiriTadad erovnuli Semosavlis gamoTvlasa da mis
zrdaSi poulobs asaxvas, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda ufro meti
saqonlis da momsaxurebis warmoebas da cxovrebis maRal dones
ganapirobebs. nebismieri ekonomikuri subieqtis ekonomikuri mdgo-
mareobis Sesafaseblad saWiroa misi Semosavlis gamoTvla. rac
ufro maRalia adamianis Semosavali, miT metia misi ekonomikuri
cxovrebis done. qveynis ganviTarebisTvis saWiroa mwarmoeblu-
robis arseboba da misi zrda.
mTliani Sida produqtis zrdis da zogadad ekonomikis
zrdis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani dargia turizmi. maszea damoki-
debuli ramdeni fulis nakadi Semodis qveyanaSi am sferodan.
turizmi msoflios ekonomikis erT-erTi wamyvani dargia da mas
nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi didi wvlili Seaqvs.
turizmis ganviTarebas dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi aqvs.
rac Sesabamisad rogorc dadebiT, ise uaryofiT zegavlenas
axdens qveynis ekonomikaze. statiaSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
eqceva turizmis ganviTarebisTvis saWiro xelSemwyobi pirobebis
Seqmnas, radgan amazea damokidebuli mTliani Sida produqtis
zrda da, masTan erTad, erovnuli Semosavlis zrda, rac sabo-
loo jamSi, qveynis ekonomikur zrdaSi aisaxeba.
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Гиоргадзе Мариам студентка международной школы туризма
Института развития туризма ТГУ, Сирбиладзе Русудан
доктор экономики, международная школа туризма
Института развития туризма ТГУ
РАСЧЁТ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ДОХОДА И ТУРИЗМ Аннотация
Главной целью стран рыночной экономики является экономический рост, что в основном находит своё отражение в расчёте национального дохода и его росте. Ростом национального дохода обусловливается производство больше продукции и услуг, а также высокий уровень жизни. Для оценки экономического состояния любого экономического субъекта необходимо рассчитать его доход. Чем выше доход человека, тем лучше уровень его экономической жизни. Для развития страны необходимо наличие производительности и её рост. Одним из основных отраслей роста валового внутреннего продукта и в целом эконо-мического роста является туризм. От него зависит поток денег в страну из этой области. Туризм является одной из ведущих мировых отраслей экономики, и он в значительной степени способствует экономическому развитию любой страны.
Развитие туризма имеет свои преимущества и недостатки. Это, следо-вательно, как положительно, так и отрицательно сказывается на экономике страны.
В статье особое внимание уделяется созданию благоприятных условий для развития туризма, поскольку от этого зависит рост валового внутреннего продукта и при этом рост национального дохода, что в конечном итоге находит отражение в экономическом росте страны.
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Mariam Giorgadze TSU Student of International Tourism School of the
Institute for Tourism Developmentб Rusudan Sirbiladze
Doctor of Economics, TSU International Tourism School of the
Institute for Tourism Development
CALCULATION OF NATIONAL INCOME AND TOURISM Annotation
The main objective of the country's market economy is its economic growth,
which was mainly reflected in the national income calculation and its growth. The growth in the national income conditions more production of goods and services and a high quality of life. For the assessment of the economic situation of any economic entity it is essential to calculate its income.The higher the person’s income is the higher the level of its economic life is. The existence of productivity and its growth is necessary for the country’s development.
Tourism is one of the important sectors of GDP and overall economic growth. It depends on how much money flows into the country from this field. Tourism is one of the world's leading fields of the economy, and it contributes greatly to the economic development of any country.
Tourism development has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore it has both positive and negative impact on the country's economy. The special attention is paid to the creation of favorable conditions for the development of tourism in this article, as it depends on GDP, and the increase in national income as well, which ultimately finds a reflection of the country's economic growth.
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xatia udesiani iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa
da biznesis fakultetis studenti
Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo 2015-2017 wlebis regionuli ganviTarebis programa, romelic warmoadgens
saSualovadian samTavrobo dokuments da romelic gansazRvravs
saqarTvelos regionuli politikis ZiriTad miznebsa da amocanebs,
Sesabamis prioritetebsa da RonisZiebebs da adgens saWiro pirobebs
qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da mdgradi socialur-ekono-mikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad. programis ganxorcielebis
miznebidan gamomdinare, regionuli politika warmoadgens mizanmi-
marTul RonisZiebaTa erTobliobas, romelic koncentrirebuli da
koordinirebulia regionul doneze, efuZneba ganviTarebis saWi-
roebebsa da prioritetebs da, Sesabamisad maT, qveynis mdgrad re-
gionul ganviTarebaze mimarTuli resursebis Sedegze orienti-
rebul gadanawilebas.
aRniSnuli programis SemuSaveba da misi ganxorcieleba mniSv-
nelovania evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris mimdinare da dageg-
mili TanamSromlobis farglebSi, maT Soris, evrokavSiris sabiu-
jeto da seqtoruli daxmarebis programis farglebSi. rac kidev
ufro mniSvnelovania, programis SemuSaveba da misi efeqtiani gan-
xorcieleba pirdapir pasuxobs evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris
asocirebis xelSekrulebisa da asocirebis dRis wesrigis Sesaba-
misi debulebebis ganxorcielebis miznebs.
programaSi gawerilia saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis
politika da am politikis ganxorcielebisTvis aucilebeli sakvan-
Zo prioritetebi da Sesatyvisi RonisZiebebi. maT win uswrebs
regionuli ganviTarebis kuTxiT arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva
da, Sesabamisad, gamovlenili ZiriTadi saWiroebebi. Cveni gamokvleva exeba onis municipalitets, romelic mie-
kuTvnebarogorc sasazRvro, aseve konfliqtispira zonas ulamazesi
bunebiTa da saocari xedebiT. mas gansakuTrebul elfers matebs
sidarbaisliT, sidinjiTa da sibrZniT gamorCeuli xalxi, romlebic,
samwuxarod, migraciis Sedegad TiTze CamosaTvlelebi darCnen
maRlmTian soflebSi. onis municipaliteti ganTavsebulia raWa-
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leCxumisa da qvemo svaneTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, saqarT-
velos saxelmwifo sazRvris gaswvriv (86 km). CrdiloeTidan mas
esazRvreba ruseTis federacia, samxreTiT saCxeris municipaliteti,
dasavleTiT _ ambrolauris municipaliteti, aRmosavleTiT ki
cxinvalis regioni. municipalitetis farTobi Seadgens 1350 km2.
municipalitetis administraciuli centria qalaqi oni. manZili
administraciul centrsa da Tbiliss Soris aris 300 km. municipa-
litetis mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa 7723 kaci, maT Soris qalaq onSi
cxovrobs 3150 kaci. municipalitetSi 1 qalaqi, 19 teritoriuli
organo da 64 sofelia. municipalitetis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTve-
lobis umaRlesi organoa municipalitetis sakrebulo, xolo
aRmasrulebeli organoa municipalitetis gamgeoba.
mogexsenebaT, qalaqis ganviTareba SeuZlebeli soflis
ganviTarebis gareSe. qalaqi oni maRalmTian regionSia, dedaqalaqi-
dan sakmaod Sors. Sesabamisad iqauri problemebi Zalian gansxvav-
deba Tbilisis, quTaisis, baTumis problemebisagan. maSin, rodesac
didi qalaqebi mosaxleobis zrdis tendencias ganicdis, qalaq onSi
yoveldRe mcirdeba adamianTa raodenoba. 2015 wels onis erTaderT
skolaSi arc erTi pirvelklaseli ar midis. mosaxleobis 60%-ze meti
pensioneria. bavSvebi ki TiTze CamosaTvlelni darCnen.
umwvaves migraciul procesebs xels iwyobs minimaluri infrastruqturis ararseboba. municipalitetSi ar aris bunebrivi airi. 2012 wels ganxorcielda oni-ambrolauris-soris dabali wnevis gazsadenis monakveTis mSenebloba, gazsadeni milebi moyvanilia sofeli soris bolomde, magram qseli mowyobili ar aris. aucilebelia gagrZeldes centraluri magistralis mSeneb-loba qalaq onamde da pirvel etapze ganxorcieldes qalaqisa da centraluri magistralis axlos mdebare soflebis gazificireba, xolo Semdgom moxdes municipalitetis yvela soflis gazifici-reba. ama wlis 1 aprils ons saqarTvelos vice-premieri, energetikis ministri kaxi kalaZe estumra. misi viziti, swored, onSi gazifi-cirebis proeqtis amuSavebas emsaxureboda. vice-premieri gaecno dagegmvis samuSaoebs, isaubra daqselvasa da mosaxleobaSi gazis Seyvanis SeRavaTian pirobebze. am problemis mogvareba nawilobriv SeaCerebs migraciul procesebs.
qalaq onSi gasul wlebSi TiTqmis mTlianad Seicvala ar-sebuli wyalsadenis qseli. problemas warmoadgens wylis xarisxi, romelic yoveli gawvimebis Semdeg imRvreva. rac Seexeba onis municipalitetis soflebs, wyalsadeni qseli saerTod ar ar-
sebobs. aseve Zalian didi problemaa maTTvis stiqiebisgan
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daucveloba. kokispiruli wvimebic ki iwvevs mosaxleobis kar-
midamoebis datborvas, radgan arsebuli saniaRvre sistema ver uzrunvelyofs moWarbebuli wylis gatarebas. mosaxleobas uwevs mewyersaSiS zonaSi cxovreba, rac didi riskis qveS ayenebs adamianebis sicocxles. wyaldidoba, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, didTov-loba did zians ayenebs adamianebs. itboreba nakveTebi, ziandeba sagzao infrastruqtura. vfiqrobT, aucilebelia mdinare rionisa da misi Senakadebis kompleqsuri Seswavla da Sesabamisi napir-samagri samuSaoebis dagegmva; mewyeruli adgilebis geologiuri Seswavla; hidroinJinrebis mier arsebuli saniaRvre arxebis gamtarunarianobis Seswavla da am yvelafris gamosworeba. wylis resursebis efeqtiani gamoyeneba gaaumjobesebs onis mdgomareobas.
nebismieri nabiji da gatarebuli RonisZieba, pirvel rigSi, mimarTuli unda iyos migraciis SesaCereblad. xalxs ara marto sacxovrebeli pirobebis (gzebis infrastruqtura, gazificireba, wyalmomarageba da a. S.) mogvareba da gaumjobeseba sWirdeba, aramed stabiluri samuSao adgilebis Seqmna adgilobrivi Tu moziduli investiciebis saSualebiT. es ori RonisZieba, vTvliT, rom SeaCerebs mosaxleobis gadinebas municipalitetidan.
udidesia turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, rasac, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, mowmobs raWis metad mdidari mxareTmcod-neobis muzeumi (q. oni), sadac 14 000 ZiriTadi da damxmare eqsponati inaxeba, maT Soris arqeologiuri, eTnografiuli, numizmatikuri, saxviTi xelovnebis nimuSebi, memorialuri, istoriuli mniSvnelo-
bis dokumentebi. Tumca muzeumis Senoba saerTod ar uzrunvelyofs am unikaluri eqsponatebis usafrTxoebas. muzeumi miwisZvris Sedegad dazianda da dRes katastroful mdgomareobaSia. garda amisa, municipalitetSi 44 saxeobis samkurnalo mineraluri wyalia, romelTac mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana SeuZlia ara marto onis, aramed qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. mravalferovani, gamor-Ceuli buneba, mdidari istoriuli warsuli da kulturuli memkvid-reoba, balneologiuri kurortebis simravle, sxvadasxva saxis samkurnalo mineraluri wylebi da stumar-maspinZlobis adgilob-
rivi tradiciebi zemo raWis is siZlierea, romelTa swori formiT SeTavazebac regions turistulad mimzidvels gaxdis.
miuxedavad imisa, rom regionis dRevandeli mdgomareoba Zalian Sorsaa ekonomikurad efeqturi modelisagan, rodesac xdeba resursebis mizanmimarTuli da efeqtiani gamoyeneba, Tavad am resursebis arseboba, aseve, axlo warsulSi onis regioniT saerTa-
Soriso organizaciebisa Tu investorebis dainteresebis faqtebi
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safuZvels iZleva vifiqroT, rom swori ekonomikuri kursis dageg-mvisa da misi etapobrivi Sesrulebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia raionis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgradobis miRweva.
raionis masStabiT agroseqtoris prioritetuli mimarTule-
bebia: mesaqonleoba, mefutkreoba, mebostneoba, mexileoba. aRsa-
niSnavia, rom am saqmianobebSi saboloo produqtis miRebamde yvela etapze jansaRi, naturaluri resursebi gamoiyeneba: niadagi organuli sasuqiT mdidrdeba, xexilis baRebi agroteqnikur Ro-nisZiebebs ar gadis da ekologiurad sufTaa, mcenareTa unikaluri jiSebisa da Taflovani mcenareebis wyalobiT, adgilobrivad warmoebul Tafli da Taflis produqtebi (futkris rZe, cvili, dindgeli...), maRal xarisxsa da sagemovno TvisebebTan erTad, samkurnalo TvisebebiT gamoirCeva. bolo periodSi organuli pro-duqtebisadmi mkveTrad gazrdili moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT, vfiqrobT, am sferoebs udavod aqvs potenciali, rom, droTa ganmavlobaSi, TviTkmari wamoebidan saeqsporto produqciis warmoebaze gadaerTos.
samwuxarod, dResdReobiT, problemebi arsebobs oTxive mimarTulebiT, gansakuTrebiT miwaTmoqmedebis mxriv. problemas warmoadgens arsebuli miwis resursebis araefeqtiani gamoyeneba, rac, rogorc gamoikveTa, gamowveulia ramdenime ZiriTadi mizeziT: 1. agroqimiurad Seuswavleli niadagebi, rac arTulebs savargu-lebis nayofier gamoyenebas. 2. ganuviTarebeli infrastruqtura _ Sesabamisi teqnikis uqonloba, rasac emateba savargulebis amortizeba da finansebis xewlmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli siZneleebi.
problemebis aRweris paralelurad, mravalgzis aRvniSneT, rom arsebuli resursebis wyalobiT onis regions realuri Sansi aqvs, socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobiT erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri municipaliteti gaxdes saqarTveloSi. Tumca, mimaCnia, rom regionis ganviTarebis grZelvadiani gegmebi mxolod maSin iqneba realurad ganxorcielebadi da imedis momcemi, Tuki sawyis etapze municipalitetis, saxelmwifosa da adgilobrivTa ZalisxmeviT daiwyeba im problemebis gadaWraze muSaoba, romlebic mosaxleobis socialur, sayofacxovrebo pirobebTanaa dakavSirebuli da maT mier municipalitetis datovebis ZiriTad mizezTagania.
problemis warmoSobis umTavres mizezs, cxadia, regionis geografiuli Taviseburebebi wamoadgens, xolo gzebi, rogorc aRiniSna, erT-erTi Zvirad mosavleli infrastruqturaa. sxvadasxva periodis ganmavlobaSi TviTmmarTvelobis prioritetuli mimarTu-
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lebebis gegmebis SedarebiT aRmoCnda, rom sagzao infrastruqtura mudmivad moixsenieboda prioritetebs Soris, Tumca bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gazrdilia am problemisaken mimarTuli fuladi resursebis odenoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom gasul wlebSi meti aqcenti iyo gakeTebuli qalaq onis sagzao infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze - 2014 wels dafinansda q. onis rogorc centraluri, aseve Sida quCebis asfaltireba da asfaltirebasTan dakavSirebuli samu-
Saoebi. Sesrulebuli samuSaoTi adgilobrivi mosaxleoba kmayo-filia, radgan qalaqSi problema mTlianad gadaWrilia. rac Seexeba soflebs, gasul wlebSi ganxorcielda calkeuli soflebis - uweras, Wirbevis, laCTas, Seubanis da sxvaTa Sida gzebis, calkeuli ubnebis gzis reabilitacia da ganxorcielda stiqiuri movlenebis sawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebi, romlebic, mosaxleobis dacvasTan erTad, aseve mimarTulia sagzao infrastruqturis ganviTarebisken. garda amisa, SeZenil iqna gzebis keTilmowyobisaTvis saWiro teqnikis nawili. Cans mcdeloba, rom TviTmmarTveloba etapobrivad cdilobs sagzao infrastruqturis problemis mogvarebas, Tumca umTavres problemad am sakiTxis mosagvareblad, cxadia, finansuri mxare rCeba, radgan TviTmmarTveloba valdebulia, finansebi gankargos mosaxleobis yvela sxva saWiroebis dasakmayofileb-
ladac. miuxedavad imisa, rom soflebis mosaxleoba dadebiTad Sexvda sagzao mimarTulebiT bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gaaq-
tiurebul samuSaoebs, isini aRniSnaven, rom saSuria swored soflis gzebi iqces mTavar prioritetad.
onis mosaxleoba problemebis mogvarebisTvis udides imeds
amyarebs e.w. „mTis kanonze“, anu saqarTvelos kanonze maRalmTiani regionebis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, da problemaTagan gamosavals xedavs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki es kanoni Seexeba mTlianad onis municipalitets.
qalaq ons udidesi potenciali aqvs rogorc bunebrivi, aseve adamianuri resursebis kuTxiT. gasaocaria onelebis SesaZleb-
lobebi. onSi gansakuTrebiT xelovani adamianebi ibadebian. TiTqmis yvela ojaxSi xataven, ukraven, cekvaven, Zerwaven. iqauri bavSvebi gansakuTrebuli niWiTa da SesaZleblobebiT gamoirCevian, magram maT ar aqvT xelSewyoba, ar aqvT Tanamedrove teqnologiebTan wvdomis SesaZlebloba. es ki xels uSlis am qalaqis ganviTrebas da xels uwyobs migraciul procesebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom onSi jandacvis sferoc saWiroebs daxma-rebas. municipalitetis umravles soflebSi ar aris eqimi. qalaq onSi arsebul saavadmyofoSi ki ar aqvT sakmarisi samkurnalo
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
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aRWurviloba. bolo periodSi, jandacvis saministros gadawyveti-lebiT, pirebi, romlebic maRlmTian regionebSi sami wlis ganmav-lobaSi imuSaveben, rezidenturis garkveuli dargis specialobebSi ufasod momzaddebian. msgavsi proeqti funqcionirebs skolebSic. rogorc aRvniSneT mosaxleobis udidesi nawili daberebulia, Sesabamisad skolis maswavleblebic xanSiSesuli adamianebi arian, romelTac Tanamedrove teqnologiebis naklebi codna aqvT. ganaTlebis saministrom gadawyvita, ganexorcielebina proeqti
„aswavle saqarTvelos“ , romlis farglebSic axalgazrda mas-
wavleblebi miavlina maRlmTian regionebSi da maT daufinansa magistratura.
qalaq ons ganviTarebisTvis saWiro yvela resursi aqvs. aucilebelia am resursebis saTanadod Seswavla, investiciebis mozidva da samuSao adgilebis droulad Seqmna. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, ekonomikurad Zlieri municipalitetis nacvlad sul
cota xanSi „bunebriv nakrZals” vixilavT. soflis ganviTareba qalaqis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, qalaqis ganviTareba ki qveynis Zlierebis sawindaria.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. 2015-2017 wlebis saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis
programa. Tbilisi. 2014 wlis 9 ivlisi.
2. papava v., TaflaZe T. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri
ganviTarebis ZiriTadi tendenciebisa da
perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb. J. „ekonomisti“. N 2, 2013.
3. sajaro informaciis monacemTa baza, oficialuri veb.
gverdi – WWW. Opendata.ge
4. saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne – Matsne.gov.ge
5. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri –
http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=139&lang=geo 6. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis
saministro _ http://www.economy.ge/ge/economic-sectors/foreign-direct-investments
7. saxelmwifo auditis samsaxuri– http://sao.ge/ _
8. saqarTvelos axalgazrda ekonomistT asociacia – WWW. Economists.ge
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
77
xatia udesiani iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa
da biznesis fakultetis studenti
Zlieri regioni Zlieri qveynis sawindaria
anotacia
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2015-2017 wlebis regionuli ganvi-
Tarebis programa warmoadgens saSualovadian samTavrobo do-
kuments da gansazRvravs saqarTvelos regionuli politikis Ziri-
Tad miznebsa da amocanebs, Sesabamis prioritetebsa da RonisZiebebs
da adgens saWiro pirobebs qveynis regionebis dabalansebuli da
mdgradi socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad.
aRniSnuli programa daedo safuZvlad iniciativas raWis
regionis, kerZod ki onis municipalitetis socialur-ekonomikuri
problemebis Seswavlasa da am problemebis aRmofxvris gzebis
Ziebas. statiaSi gaxilulia is mZime socialur-ekonomikuri prob-
lemebi, riTac xasiaTdeba ara marto onis municipaliteti, aramed
mTliand qveynis maRalmTiani regioni.
Khatia Udesiani Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University,
Faculty of Economics and Business, Student
A STRONG REGION AS A FOUNDATION FOR A STRONG COUNTRY
Annotation
The governmental program of regional development on 2015-2017 is a mid-term document which defines the main goals and tasks of regional policy in Georgia, determines the priorities and directions for balanced and sustainable socio - economic development. The program was a basis for the investigation the socio-economic problems of Racha region and in particular of the Oni municipalities and looks for ways to eliminate these problems. The article considers the hard socio-economic problems that are common as to Oni municipality as to all mountainous regions of the country.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
78
Удесиани Хатиа
Тбилисский государственный университет Факультет экономики и бизнеса, студент
СИЛЬНЫЙ РЕГИОН ОСНОВА ДЛЯ СИЛЬНОЙ СТРАНЫ Аннотация
Программа регионального развития на 2015-2017 годы представляет собой среднесрочный правительственный документ, который определяет основные цели и задачи региональной политики государства, приоритеты и мероприятия по созданию необходимых условий для сбалансированного и устойчивого социально - экономического развития. Эта программа была основой для изучения социально-экономических проблем региона Рача, в частности, Oнского муниципалитета и ставила целью поиск путей для устранения этих проблем. Статья рассматривает те серьезные социально-экономические проблемы, которыми характеризуется не только муниципалитет Oни, но и все горные районы страны.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
79
merab comaia Tsu-s bakalavri,
xelmZRvaneli istoriis akademiuri doqtori zurab sulaberiZe
saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi
msoflio gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom saqarTvelosnairi
patara qveynisTvis ekonomikuri aRmavlobis da keTildReobis mTa-
vari gza saqonlisa da momsaxurebis eqsporti da reeqsportia. es
aris axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis, mosaxleobis Semosavlebis
zrdis da a.S. yvelaze efeqturi modeli _ msoflios yvelaze gan-
viTarebuli patara qveynebi, eqsportze orientirebuli qveynebi. ase
magaliTad, bunebrivi resursebiT saqarTveloze ufro Raribi da
mkacri klimaturi pirobebis mqone daniis da avstriis mTavari
simdidre maRalkvalificiuri adamianuri resursebia. 5, 7milioniani
daniis mTliani Sida produqti (nominaluri) 331 mlrd dolaria,
anu 57999 dolari erT sulze gaangariSebiT, saqonlis eqsportis
xvedriTi wili 34%-ia (111 mlrd dolari), xolo Tanafardoba
eqsportsa da imports Soris _ 1,13:1 (2013), 8,4 milioniani avstriis
analogiuri maCveneblebia: 415 mlrd.dolari, 49256 dolari, 30% (125,4
mlrd dolari) da 1:1,04. 4,5 milioniani saqarTvelo ki Tavisi
maCveneblebiT: 16,2 mlrd dolari, 3597 dolari, 18 % da 1:2,7 Zalze
Sorsaa am qveynebisgan, igi miekuTvneba Rarib qveynebs da simdidris
doniT msoflioSi 111-e adgilzea [1;2;3;4;5].
saqarTvelos aseT mZime mdgomareobas didad ganapirobebs
ekonomikur urTierTobebSi politikuri dominantis gaCena mis or
did mezobel qveyanasTan _ ruseTsa da iranTan. swored ruseTTan
ekonomikuri urTierTobebis moSlam didad ganapiroba jer
ekonomikuri krizisis warmoSoba, xolo Semdeg misi dausrulebloba
saqarTveloSi. 1991 wlidan moyolebuli, miuxedavad saerTaSoriso
Tanamegobrobis mravalmiliardiani daxmarebebisa, qveyanaSi kvlav
ekonomikuri siduxWirea. qarTveli glexi, romelic yovelwliurad
ruseTSi gatanili Tavisi produqciiT ekonomikurad welgamar-
Tuli iyo, dRes ukiduresi siRatakis zRvarzea.
meoce saukunis 90-iani wlebidan dawyebuli, saqarTvelo-
ruseTispolitikuri dapirispireba 2008wels agvistos omSi gadai-
zarda. Sedegad, or qveyanas Soris Sewyda diplomatiuri urTier-
Toba da, masTan erTad, ekonomikuric: Tuki 2005 wels saqarTvelos
eqsporti ruseTSi Seadgenda 153,7 mln dolars, ruseTis mier
saqarTvelos natoSi swrafvis sanacvlSemoRebuli ekonomikuri
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
80
embargos (2006) da 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg eqsportma 2009
wels Seadgina ukve mxolod 18 mln dolari, anu Semcirda 8.5-jer ( ! ).
2005 wels saqarTvelos saeqsporto urTierToba hqonda 93
qveyanasTan da ruseTze modioda eqsportis 18 % (I adgili), 2009 wels
101 da 2011 wels 106 partniori qveynidan ruseTze 2% modioda (X da
XI adgili) . 2011 wels ruseTSi eqsportirda mxolod 36,6 mln
dolaris produqcia[1;6], anu faqtobrivad, ruseTis bazari CvenTvis
daixura. arada, saqarTvelos ekonomika, rogorc mefis ruseTis, ise,
gansakuTrebiT, sabWoTa periodSi, ZiriTadad, ruseTis bazris
moTxovnis Sesabamisad muSaobda.
is, rom politikur mowinaaRmdegesTan ekonomikuri kavSiri
SesaZlebelia, ekonomikis istoriaSi ar axalia. amis uaxlesi yve-
laze TvalsaCino magaliTia meore msoflio omis Semdgomi germania
da safrangeTi da is, rom es ori qveyana dRes mowinavea msoflioSi,
sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganpirobebulia swored maTi mudmivad
mzardi ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobiT.
2013 wlidan axali xelisuflebis mier dawyebulma ekono-
mikurma kavSirurTierTobam ruseTTan pirveli Sedegi ukve moitana:
2013 wels 2011 welTan SedarebiT eqsporti ruseTSi gaizarda 5-jer ( !
)da 111 qveynidan ruseTSi eqsportis xvedriTma wilma 7% Seadgina _
IV adgili [1;6]. arasworad migvaCnia skeptikosebis mosazreba imis
Taobaze, rom ruseTi arasaimedo ekonomikuri partnioria, nebismier
momentSi SeuZlia Segviqmnas problemebi da a. S. ra Tqma unda,
garkveuli riskebi aseT urTierTobebSi arsebobs, vidreevropul
qveynebTan, magram unda gamovideT realobidan da vaRiaroT, rom
jerjerobiT sxva ufro efeqturi ram ar Cans: CvenTan ar Semodis im
donis investiciebi, rom arakonkurentunariani qarTuli produqcia
umokles xanSi vaqcioT konkurentunarianad msoflio bazarze da
amiT qarTveli glexi da mewarme welSi gaimarTos.
Cveni azriT, ekonomikuri urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba rogorc
ruseTTan, ise afxazeTTan da samxreT oseTTan yvelaze umoklesi
gzaa, cxovrebis donis amaRlebis kvalobaze, ufro saimedo
safuZveli SevuqmnaT politikuri problemebis mogvarebas, radgan
mxolod ekonomikurad Zlieri saqarTvelo SeiZleba gaxdes
afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTisTvis politikurad mimzidveli [7].
metad saeWvoa varaudi rogorc ruseTis dasustebaze (birTvuli
zesaxelmwifo rac ar unda dasustdes, mainc SeZlebs Tavisi
interesebis dacvas da mudam saxifaTo iqneba msoflio Taname-
gobrobisTvis), ise ruseTSi demokratiis eqsportze, radgan rogorc
ruseTis wina saxelisuflebo arCevnebma aCvena, ruseTis demokra-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
81
tiuli Zalebic yofil mokavSire respublikebs ganixilaven saku-
Tari gavlenis sferod, radgan ruseTSi sazogadod miRebuli azriT,
esaa erTaderTi saSualeba natosgan Tavis dasacavad _ Tuki ruseTs
SeuZlia Sori manZilidan gamoSvebuli natos birTvuli raketebi
haerSive aafeTqos, zed ruseTis sazRvridan, anu yofili mokavSire
respublikebis teritoriidan gamoSvebuli aseTi raketebi ruseTs
pirisagan miwisa aRgvis, miT ufro, rom nato flobs msoflios
birTvuli arsenalis 60%-s. swored amitomaa, rom is ase Tavgame-
tebiT ewinaaRmdegeba misi mezobeli qveynebis natoSi gawevrianebas.
ar unda dagvaviwydes isic, rom „kuTxeSi mimwyvdeuli“ ruseTi gaci-
lebiT ufro saxifaToa mTeli msofliosTvis, vidre damegobrebuli.
amitom, SemTxveviTi ar aris is faqtic, rom evrokavSiris liderebi
gamudmebiTmouwodeben saqarTvelos xelisuflebas, maTTan integ-
raciis paralelurad „daalagos“ urTierTobebi ruseTTan, ruseTis
analogiurad, ekonomikis politikur sibrtyeze gadayvana moxda
iranTan mimarTebaSic. 2010 wels savizo reJimis ormxrivad gauqmeba
maSinve aisaxa ekonomikur viTarebaze: pirdapiri iranuli investi-
ciebi 2009 welTan SedarebiT gaizarda 5-jer da Seadgina 1.1 mln
dolari, 2011 wels 2006 welTan SedarebiT ki-25 jer (!), vaWrobis
moculoba amave periodSi gaizarda 3-jer, iranuli firmebis
raodenoba ki saqarTveloSi _ 85-dan 1500-mde. 2012 wels iranma gana-
xorciela 404 7 mln dolaris investicia saqarTveloSi. Sesabami-
sad, gaizarda saqarTvelos eqsportic iranSi: Tu 2013 wels igi
Seadgenda mxolod 19 mln dolars, 2013wels ukve _ 47,2 mln
dolars [1;8].
saqarTvelo-iranis gacxovelebulma ekonomikurma kavSirebma
SeSfoTeba gamoiwvia dasavleTis presasa da politikur wreebSi
saqarTvelos mxridan iranisTvis dawesebuli sanqciebis SesaZlo
darRvevis gamo. dasavleTma irans dauxura saerTaSoriso gada-
ricxvis sistema _ svifti, xolo gaerom akrZala saerTaSoriso ur-
TierTobebi im iranul kompaniebTan, romlebsac Sexeba aqvT
navTobis, zusti teqnologiebis da aluminis warmoeba-SesyidvasTan,
anu im dargebTan, romlebidanac Tanxebi Semdgom SeiZleba
gamoyenebul iqnes birTvuli iaraRis Seqmnis, uranis gamdidrebis
procesis da terorizmis dafinansebisaTvis. saqarTvelo dadanaSau-
lebul iqna iranelebis mier saqarTveloSi warmoebuli biz-
nessaqmianobidan miRebuli fulis SesaZlo gamoyenebaSi birTvuli
iaraRis da terorizmis SesaZlo dafinansebaSi, agreTve iranidan
Semotanili fulis gaTeTrebaSi. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
82
xelisuflebam ver SeZlo damajerebeli argumentebis warmodgena am
eWvebis gasaqarwyleblad da 2013 wlis ivlisSi iZulebuli gaxda
calmxrivad droebiT SeeCerebina uvizo mimosvla iranTan, garda
amisa, miRebul iqna rigi damatebiTi zomebic: iranul firmebs
problemebi SeeqmnaT registraciis Semdgom bankebSi angariSis
gaxsnisas, 150 iranel biznesmens ki daeblokaT sabanko angariSebi [8].
yvelaferma aman mniSvnelovnad SezRuda or qveyanas Soris
ekonomikuri urTierTobebi. marTalia, dResdReobiT, savaWro brunva
or qveyanas Soris 200 mln dolars Seadgens, magram es Zalian cotaa
potenciur 4 mlrd dolarTan SedarebiT [9] vaWrobaSi qarTuli
mtknari sasmeli wylisa da iranuli gazis CarTviT (2015 wlis
ianvris bolos gaerom mouxsna embargo iranis energoresursebs). aqve
isic unda aRiniSnos, rom iranuli gazi Zalian maRali xarisxisaa,
xolo misi maragi bevrad aRemateba ruseTisas. iranTan
urTierTobebis SezRudvam, sxva faqtorebTan erTad, xeli Seuwyo
laris kursis mkveTr vardnas 2014 wlis dasasrulsa da 2015 wlis
dasawyisSi TiTqmis 25 %-iT, ramac momavalSi mravalnegatiur
movlenas SeiZleba misces dasabami Tu dauyovnebliv ar iqneba
miRebuli saTanado zomebi.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. sagareo vaWroba-www.geostat.ge
2. Список стран по ВВП (номинал)-www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 3. Список стран по ВВП (номинал) на душу населения-
www.ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 4. Внешнеэкономические связи Дании по состоянию на 2013 году-
www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/dk/aboutdk/veddk/ 5. Внешнеэкономические связи Австрии в2013 году-
www.ved.gov.ru/exportcountries/at/about at/ved at/
6. saqarTvelom ruseTis bazarze eqsportis gasammageba SeZlo-
www.factcheck.ge/article/
7. m. jibuti. afxazeTSi konfliqtis gadawyvetis xelSewyoba
ekonomikuri faqtorebis gamoyenebiT. Tbilisi, 2005.
8. iraneli biznesmeni: saqarTveloSi Tavs daculad veRar
vgrZnobT!-www.ambebi.ge/politika/80786
9. ra odenobis wylis biznesi igegmeba saqarTvelodan iranSi-
www.tbiliselebi.ge
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
83
10. r. gaCeCilaZe. axlo aRmosavleTi: sivrce, xalxi da politika.
Tbilisi, 2011.
merab comaia Tsu-s bakalavri
saqarTvelos ekonomikis politikuri problemebi
anotacia
statiaSi ganxilulia ruseTTan da iranTan saqarTvelos
ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobis politikiT gansazRvrulobis
problema. naCvenebia, rom aseTi ekonomikuri politika xels uSlis
rogorc qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis amaRlebas, ise
politikuri problemebis mogvarebas.
Цомаиа Мераб Бакалавр ТГУ
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГРУЗИНСКОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ Аннотация
В статье рассмотрена проблема предопределенности экономического
взаимоотношения Грузии с Россией и Ираном с политикой. Показан, что такая экономическая политика мешает как повышению экономического благосостояния страны, так и урегулированию политических проблем.
MerabTsomaia
Bachelor TSU THE POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF GEORGIAN ECONOMY
Annotation
In this article is considered the predefinition problem Georgian economic relation at Russia and Iran with policy.It is seen that such economic policy hinders as rise above country ‘s economic prosperity so settle political problems.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
84
Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi
xelmZRvaneli e. d., asoc. profesori giuli qeSelaSvili
drois menejmenti da misi gavlena karieruli warmatebis
miRwevaze
Tanamedrove samyaroSi warmatebis miRwevis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani saSualeba drois racionaluri ganawileba da misi
swori menejmentia. warmoidgineT, rom banki yovel diliT Tqvens
angariSze ricxavs 86400 lars da dRis bolos ukan miaqvs is
Tanxa, rasac Tqven ver iyenebT. rogor moiqceodiT? gamoitandiT
yovel TeTrs da Tqvens sasikeTod moixmardiT?
yoveli Cvenganis cxovrebaSi arsebobs aseTi banki da mas
dro ewodeba. yoveldRiurad yovel Cvengans 86400 wami gveZleva.
dRis bolos ki es wamebi or kategoriad iyofa: erTi is wamebia,
romlebic Tqvens sasargeblod gamoiyeneT da meore is, romelic
ver gamoiyeneT. ar arsebobs drois ukan dabrunebis saSualeba.
aucilebelia adamianma ganaxorcielos TviTmenejmenti da racio-
nalurad gamoiyenos mis xelT arsebuli dro. germaneli mec-
nieris l. zaivertis ganmartebiT, „TviTmenejmenti gulisxmobs
yoveldRiur mmarTvelobiT saqmianobaSi gamoyenebuli aprobi-
rebuli praqtikuli meTodebisa da xerxebis Tanmimdevrul da
mizanmimarTul gamoyenebas, optimaluri gadawyvetilebebis safuZ-
velze racionaluri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad’’ [1].
saerTaSoriso avtoriteti drois marTvis sakiTxebSi a.
maqkenzi ambobs, rom xSirad drois menejmenti da misi arsi
arasworadaa gagebuli adamianebis mier. misi TqmiT, SeuZlebelia
marTo dro da ar Seexo sxva iseT resurss, rogoricaa finansu-
ri kapitali, fizikuri kapitali, adamianuri kapitali da infor-
macia. maSin, roca pirveli oTxi maTgani ganicdis cvlilebas,
transformacias, SeuZlebelia maTgan ganyenebulad drois marTva.
samyaroSi, romelSic Cven vcxovrobT,SeuZlebelia drois gar-
daqmna, ar SegviZlia drois Senaxva, Tumca SegviZlia misi ga-
moyeneba [2].
drois menejments erovnuli Taviseburebebi axasiaTebs.
arseboben e.w. poliaqtiuri kulturis warmomadgenlebi, romel-
Tac cxovrebis TavianTi wesi aqvT. isini yvelafers zogadad
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
85
gegmaven, SeuZliaT ramdenime saqmis erTdroulad keTeba. aseT
xalxebs slavuri warmoSobis erebi miekuTvneba. monoaqtiuri
kulturebi, magaliTad, amerikelebi da evropelebi, sul sxva
kanonebiT cxovroben. maTi cxovrebis wesi aseTia – dro fulia.
maTi dro sworxazovania, awmyos moxerxebulad „fuTaven“ da
nawilebad yofen. reaqtiuli kulturebisTvis, romelTac aRmosav-
leTis xalxebi miekuTvneba, damaxasiaTebelia drois mimarT
adamianebis adaptacia, Tavad dro ki cikluria, wreze trialebs.
es xalxi naCqarevi gadawyvetilebebis miRebas gaurbis da mSvidad
elodeba „ukeTes dros“. droisadmi maT damokidebulebas aRmosav-
luri sibrZne kargad gamoxatavs – rodesac RmerTi dros qmnida,
is arasakmarisad Seqmna [3].
drois menejmentis amocana mdgomareobs ZiriTadi miznis
sworad gansazRvraSi. prioritetebis gansazRvra ki saSualebas
gvaZlevs, efeqturad vmarToT miznebi. drois marTvis ZiriTadi
saidumlo moqmedebis koncentrirebasa da mizandasaxulobaSia.
unda daviwyoT pirveli rigis problemis gadawyvetidan da ga-
vagrZeloT TanmimdevrobiT, e.i. drois gansazRvrul periodSi
unda vakeToT romelime erT-erTi. saqmis mitovebiT daSemdeg misi
xelaxla dawyebiT efeqturobas 5-jer vamcirebT. magaliTad, mo-
carts SeeZlo sam kompoziciaze erTdroulad emuSava da Seeqmna
Sedevrebi. baxi da verdi mxolod erT kompoziciaze muSaobdnen
garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi, Semdegze gadasvlas ar iwyeb-
dnen manam, sanam pirvels ar daasrulebdnen.
dro TiTqos arasdros ar aris sakmarisi, magram is yovel-
Tvis sakmarisia yvelaze mniSvnelovani saqmeebisaTvis. amisaTvis
unda movikriboT Zalebi da vakeToT pirvel rigSi is saqme, rac
mogvitans yvelaze met sargebels. rogorc amerikis prezidenti
eizenhaueri gvirCevs, aseTi saqmeebi unda davyoT 4 jgufad:
saswrafo da mniSvnelovani, mniSvnelovani, magram ara saswrafo,
saswrafo, magram ara mniSvnelovani, arasaswrafo da aramniSvne-
lovani[4].
yovelTvis unda gaviTvaliswinoT Tu rogori Sedegi mohy-
veba ama Tu im amocanas da ra moxdeba, Tu mas saerTod ar Sevas-
rulebT. dRis ganmavlobaSi sakuTar Tavs unda davusvaT Semdegi
sami kiTxva: romeli saqmeebia yvelaze mniSvnelovani? ra SegviZ-
lia gavakeToT mdgomareobis gasaujobeseblad? rogor gamoviye-
noT dro yvelaze sasargeblod? am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema
orjer gazrdis Cven mier gamoyenebuli drois efeqturobas [5].
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
86
yuradRebiT unda davakvirdeT imas, rom Cvens cxovrebaSi
ar dairRves wonasworoba. imisaTvis, rom viyoT produqtiuli,
mxolod drois menejmenti ar aris sakmarisi. yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT sakuTar janmrTelobas da kargadunda gamoviyurebo-
deT. yovelTvis unda moiZebnebodes dro Cveni ojaxisa da
dasvenebisaTvis [6].
drois menejmenti uSualodaa dakavSirebuli miznebTan.
aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebrivi komunikaciebis
marTvis specialisti arCil gamzardia gamoyofs Svid problemas:
1. mizanTa simravle – drois menejmentis mTavar Secdomad iTv-
leba miznebis araoptimaluri raodenoba. umetes SemTxvevaSi Cven
virCevT „zedmetad bevr“ mizans, vidre „zedmetad cotas“.
2. prioritetebis ararseboba – zogi ver xvdeba imas, Tu ra aris
prioriteti, xSirad mas arasworad igeben. prioritetis gagebis
gareSe adamiani iqceva raRac dabneul subieqtad, romelic TiT-
qos mTeli dRe raRaca saqmiTaa dakavebuli, magram Tu gadava-
mowmebT, aRmoCndeba, rom misi seriozuli cxovrebiseuli miznebi
saerTod ar xorcieldeba an xorcieldeba Zalian nela, an
araefeqturad xorcieldeba. pirvel rigSi, saWiroa davamyaroT
wesrigi prioritetebSi, anu unda gavigoT ra aris „prioritetu-
li mizani“.
3. miznebis ararealuroba – miznebis Camoyalibebisas xSirad
gviwevs dilemis winaSe dgoma. erTi mxriv, aucilebelia sakuTa-
ri pirovnebis ganviTarebisTvis davisaxoT msxvilmasStabiani
miznebi, romlebic iqneba „Rirseuli“, romelic „horizonts miRma“
gagviyvans, magram meore mxriv, mizani unda iyos realisturi da
miRwevadi.
4. cudad gansazRvruli drois sazRvrebi – zemoaRniSnulidan
gamomdinare, Cven SegviZlia kargad CamovayaliboT Cveni „lamazi“
mizani, Semdeg davkidoT es Cveni mizani kedelze da vuyuroT. is
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze ar ganxorcieldeba. es mizani ragind
kargad formulirebuli da Cafiqrebulic ar unda iyos, „mainc
ar miiRweva“, Tu kargad ar davgegmavT drois mixedviT.
5. ar arsebobs miznebis miRwevis kriteriumis sazomi – xSirad
vfiqrobT, rom mizani rTuli da miuRwevelia. aseTi pesimisturi
azrebi Cndeba im maCveneblebis ararsebobis gamo, romlebic
zustad asaxaven im safexurs, romelzec vdgavarT miznis miRwevis
procesSi. miznamde misvla aucileblad unda iyos gazomili
nebismieri komfortuli da xelmisawvdomi obieqturi da
subieqturi maCvenebliT. mniSvnelovania, rom gamoyenebuli zomis
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
87
erTeuli zomavdes miznis miRwevamde gadadgmul nabijebs ara
„metrebiT“, aramed „milimetrebiT“. magaliTad, wignis weris kar-
gi sazomia „erTi furceli dReSi“, magram Tu varT SemoqmedebiT
krizisSi, aseT dros gadavdivarT ufro mcire sazomze _ „erTi
winadadeba dReSi“.
6. miznebis konfliqti – unda gamovaaSkaraoT „saSineli saidum-
lo“. TiTqmis yvela piradi mizani erTmaneTSi yovelTvis kon-
fliqturia im gagebiT, rom isini erTmaneTSi iyofen individis
dros da resursebs. individisagan, Tavis mxriv, saWiro xdeba
namdvili xelovnebis gamoCena, rom konfliqtebis gareSe „resur-
sebis namcxvari“ sinergiulad gadaanawilos Tavis pirad miznebs
Soris.
7. mizani ar aris dakavSirebuli motivaciasTan – TiTqos aseTi
ram SeuZlebelia imdenad, ramdenadac mizani genetikurad
dakavSirebulia adamianis moTxovna-motivaciasTan, anu is Cndeba
rogorc „motivaciuri aisbergis“ mwvervali. Tumca, racionaluri
miznebis gamo xdeba miznis gamoyofa moTxovnis motivaciuri
fuZidan [7].
Aamrigad, drois menejmentis mniSvneloba TiTqos calsaxaa,
magram xSir SemTxveaSi arasworad aRiqmeba adamianebis mier da
Seusabamo xdeba miznebTan. aqedan gamomdinare, aucilebelia
droisa da miznis adekvaturoba da pozitiuri ganwyobis Seqmna.
parkinsonis kanonis Tanaxmad, samuSao misTvis gamoyofil mTel
dros ikavebs. magaliTad, Tu miznad davisaxavT, rom statia erT
saaTSi daweroT – mas swored am droSi davwerT, xolo Tu
statiisTvis winaswar mTeli dRis daTmobas gadavwyvetT, mTel
dRes statiis weraSi gavatarebT. drois efeqturi marTva TiTqos
pragmatikosis saqmea, Tumca aRniSnuli fenomeni yvelaadamianis
warmatebis gasaRebia. warmatebuli karieris miRwevis faqtorebis
Seswavlisas, yvela mecnieri xazs usvams iseTi aRudgeneli
resursis mniSvnelobas, rogoricaa dro.piter drukeri aRniSnavs:
"is, rac igegmeba _ keTdeba". zemoaRniSnulidan cxadi xdeba, rom
guSindeli dRe ukve warsulia. xval aravin icis ra moxdeba,
dRevandeli der TiTqos saCuqaria da amitom mniSvnelovania, rom
gavufrTxildeT yovel wams.…
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
88
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. www.4motivi.ge, ’’drois menejmenti’’.
2. www.myprofession.ge’, „ganaviTareT midgomebi da gamoiyeneT
sakuTari dro racionalurad~.
3. www.friday.ge, “drois menejmenti _ ramdenime sakvanZo wesi”.
4. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti –droismarTvis arsi”.
5. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti – droismarTvis arsi”.
6. www.aafcapital.ge, ,,Taim-menejmenti –droismarTvis arsi”.
7. www.archilgamzardia.wordpress.com, „drois menejmenti da
miznebTan dakavSirebuli 7 ZiriTadi problema~.
Tamar tomaraZe, lali qandauriSvili ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi
xelmZRvaneli e. d., asoc. profesori giuli qeSelaSvili
drois menejmenti da misi gavlena karieruli warmatebis
miRwevaze
anotacia
naSromSi ganxilulia drois menejmentis arsi da mniSv-
neloba. Seswavlilia ucxoel avtorTa mosazrebebi drois
marTvisa da misi swori organizebis sakiTxebze. gaanalizebulia
drois marTvis erovnuli Taviseburebebi, prioritetebis roli
drois efeqtur marTvaSi, drois menejmentis miznebTan Sesaba-
misobis problemebi. naCvenebia, rom droisa da miznis adekvatu-
roba pozitiuri ganwyobis safuZvels qmnis. gansazRvrulia
rCevebi drois efeqturi marTvisTvis.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
89
Tamar Tomaradze, Lali Kandaurishvili IvaneJavakhishvili Tbilisi State University
III course students of Economics and Business Faculty
TIME MANAGEMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CAREER SUCCESS Annotation
The article analyzes the essence and importance of time management. It
discribes the foreign authors' thoughts on time management and its succsessful organization aspects. It examines the national characteristis of Time Management, the role of priorities to orginize time effectively and the problems refering to compliance of its problems and objectives. The article shows that the adequacy of time and targets creates the positive sentiment basis. In addition, there are defined the tips for effective time management.
Томарадзе Тамара, Кандауришвили Лали Тбилисский государственный университет
Именни Ив. Джавахишвили факультет экономики и бизнеса, Студенты III курса
МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ВРЕМЕНИ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА УСПЕХ В КАРЬЕРЕ
Аннотация
В статье анализируется, сущность и значение управления времени. Он обсуждает мнения иностранных авторов по управлению времени. В немпроанализированно национальные характеристики организования времени и ролъ приоритетов. Показано, что адекватность времени и цели создает основы позитивного мышления. В статье выяснены советы управления времени.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
90
Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili
iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da
biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi
xelmZRvaneli e. d., asoc. profesori giuli qeSelaSvili
festivalebis roli qarTuli turizmis ganviTarebaSi
adamianTa umetesobisTvis warmatebuli cxovreba sasiamov-
no mogzaurobebTan asocirdeba. swored sasiamovno mogzaurobaTa
erT-erTi kategoriaa festivalebis organizeba. miuxedavad imisa,
rom dro icvleba, bevri adamianisaTvis festivali kvlav
siamovnebis miRebis saSualebad rCeba.
festivalebis mowyoba mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs tu-
ristTa mozidvaSi da, aqedan gamomdinare, turizmis ganviTare-
basac uwyobs xels, radgan is adgilobrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebisa
da kulturuli Zeglebis daTvalierebasTan asocirdeba. bevri
adamiania dainteresebuli braziliis monaxulebiT da erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani RonisZieba, romelic xels uwyobs am survilis
dakmayofilebas, aris msoflioSi cnobili karnavali, romelic
tardeba yovelwliurad rio-de-JaneiroSi da milionobiT mnax-
vels maspinZlobs. festivalis msvlelobisas stumrebs aqvT Se-
saZlebloba, daamyaron urTierToba adgilobriv sazogadoebas-
Tan, gaecnon adgilobriv kulturas, zne-Cveulebebsa da SeigrZ-
non am qveynis silamaze.
festivalebi erTgvari mediaRonisZiebaa qveynis reklamire-
bisa da imijis asamaRleblad. mediaRonisZiebebi xels uwyobs
qveynis imijisa da cnobadobis zrdas. amitomac mniSvnelovania,
rom festivalis mosamzadebel samuSaoebTan erTad momzaddes
mediasaSualebebi, aseve mzad iyvnen gidebi, kargi megzuroba
gauwion damTvaliereblebs.
festivali unikaluri saSualebaa adgilobrivi kulturis
demonstrirebisa da adamianebTan urTierTobisTvis. magaliTad,
miunxenis mcxovrebTaTvis ludis oqtombris festivali didi xnis
tradiciaa. festivalis msvlelobisas isini xvdebian TavianT
megobrebs, amayoben bavariuli kulturiT da siamovnebas iReben
adgilobrivi samzareulos dagemovnebiT.
turizmis mimarTulebiT festivalebis ganxilvisas gamoi-
yofa ori ZiriTadi efeqti _ socialur-kulturuli da ekonomi-
kuri. pirveli maTgani iwvevs mosaxleobis dainteresebas adgi-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
91
lobrivi kulturis ZeglebiT, rac, saboloo jamSi, xels uwyobs
kulturis SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebas, xolo, rac Seexeba,
ekonomikur efeqts, aRsaniSnavia, rom turistebi fuls xarjaven
restornebSi, sastumroebSi, suvenirebis SeZenisas, mgzavrobaSi,
raca isaxeba qveynis SemosavlebSi.
festivalebis gazrdili rolidan gamomdinare, kargi iqneba,
Tu CvenTan ufro didi yuradReba daeTmoba saerTaSoriso
sagundo festivalebis, folkloruli turebisa da msgavsi Ro-
nisZiebebis Catarebas. es xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelosTan sxva
qveynebis megobruli urTierTobis damyarebas, kulturaTa gacv-
lasa da sxva mniSvnelovan procesebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli xalxuri musikiTa da cekvebiT
sul ufro da ufro metad interesdebian ucxoelebi. qarTul xmebsa
da cekvebis ileTebSi aris asaxuli qarTveli eris umdidresi
istoria, patriotuli da gmiruli SemarTeba. swored am princi-
pebze dafuZnebuli tradiciuli xelovneba xiblavs ucxoel tu-
ristebs da maTSi aRZravs xolme qveynis monaxulebis survils
[3].
mravali qveynis msgavsad, qarTul kulturasac aqvs Tavisi
ZiriTadi simbolo _ vazi da misi nayofi. mniSvnelovania, rom
qvevrSi Rvinis dayeneba CvenTan rva aTasi wlis win daiwyo da
warsulis am tradicias qarTvelebi dRemde inarCuneben. Rvinis
dayenebis aRniSnul meTods 2013 wels iuneskos aramaterialuri
kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglis statusi mieniWa, rac mis
unikalurobaze miuTiTebs da gzavnilia mTeli msofliosTvis,
rom Rvino uZvelesi qarTuli kulturis Semadgeneli nawilia [4].
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Rvinis festivalebis mowyoba-or-
ganizeba, riTac saqarTvelo uamrav stumars maspinZlobs. Rvinis
festivalis mimdinareobis dros aTasobiT stumari ufasod
agemovnebs mravali dasaxelebis Rvinos, romelic warmoebulia
rogorc didi kompaniebis, aseve ojaxuri marnebis mier. festi-
valis mimdinareobisas TbilisSi eTnografiuli muzeumis ezo
yovelwliurad ivseba xolme momRimari da RviniT galaRebuli
adamianebiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqtic, rom Rvinis erov-
nuli saagentos monacemebis mixedviT, 2014 wels saqarTvelodan
eqsportirebuli Rvinis gayidvebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebi
2013 wlis SemosavlebTan SedarebiT 30%-iT gaizarda da 184 927
801 lari Seadgina. aRniSnul wels Rvinis brendis realizacia
15%-iT gaizarda. WaWis gayidvebze ki 24%-iani kleba dafiqsirda.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
92
saerTo jamSi, 2014 wels qarTuli Rvinis gayidvebis raodenoba
sazRvargareT 26%-iT gaizarda [6].
aRsaniSnavia, rom gasuli wlis 24 maiss „Rvinis klubis“ mier
organizebul festivals araerTi saintereso siurprizi hqonda
momzadebuli stumrebisaTvis: gaimarTa sxvadasxva saxis saxaliso
gaTamaSeba da gasarTobi RonisZieba, iRblianebs Rvinis klube-
lebma saCuqrad saukeTeso qarTuli Rvinis nimuSebi gadasces.
sasixaruloa, rom saqarTveloSi gamarTulma festivalebma aTa-
sobiT Rvinis gurmani moizida, romelTa Soris iyvnen sxvadasxva
qveynidan Camosuli ucxoeli turistebi da Rvinis specialistebi
[5].
meRvineobis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi mxolod festivalebze
ar aris damokidebuli, Tumca am dargisTvis festivalebis mow-
yoba sakmaod mniSvnelovani RonisZiebaa. bolo wlebSi Rvinis
festivalisadmi interesi mniSvnelovnad izrdeba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom festivalebi dadebiT gavlenas axdens
qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze, maTma arasworma dagegmvam da
riskebis gauTvaliswineblobam SeiZleba uaryofiT Sedegebamdec
migviyvanos. amis naTeli magaliTia 2014 wels organizebuli
RonisZieba „kazantipi’’. aRniSnuli festivalis dagegmvisas adgi-
lobrivi kulturisa da faseulobebis gauTvaliswineblobam,
mosaxleobis arasworma informirebulobam arsebuli RonisZiebis
Sinaarsis Sesaxeb, xeli SeuSala turistTa mozidvas da amavdro-
ulad negatiurad ganawyo qveynis mosaxleoba festivalis mimarT
[7]. imis gamo, rom festivalis organizatorebi orjer met
stumars elodnen, maTma faqtobrivma raodenobam bevrad naklebi
Seadgina, eWvqveS dadga RonisZiebis CatarebasTan dakavSirebuli
danaxarjebiს mTlianad amoRebis sakiTxic. zaralis Tavidan aci-
lebis mizniT gasayidad gamotanil produqciaze dawesda maRali
fasebi, rac stumarTa ukmayofilebis mizezi gaxda. aRniSnul
RonisZiebaze oficialurad daregistrirebuli 60000 stumridan
mxolod 12 000 gamocxadda. adgilobrivi mosaxleobis informa-
ciiT ki stumarTa saerTo raodenobam 5000 kaci Seadgina. stum-
rebis simciris gamo organizatorebma „kazantipis“ vizis safa-
suri 400-dan 250 laramde Seamcires da gamouSves erTjeradi
saSvic, romelic 100 lari Rirda [2]. festivalis Catarebis Sede-
gad miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis miuxedavad, aRniSnul Ronis-
Ziebas garkveuli Rirebulebac hqonda _ aSenda safestivalo qa-
laqi da ganviTarda adgilobrivi infrastruqtura, rac momaval-
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
93
Si mravali saintereso proeqtis ganxorcielebis safuZveli
gaxdeba.
gamoyenebuli literatura
1. J. R. Walker,Introduction to Hospitality Management (International Edition, 6th Edition), USA, 2012
2. A.E. Ketter, Media Strategies For Marketing Places in Crisis, United Kingdom, 2007
3. E. Ketter, “The Role of Festivals and Cultural Events in the Tourism Industry”, United Kingdom, 2010
4. www.vinoge.com, qvevris Rvinis dayenebis qarTuli meTodi
UNESCO-s nusxaSi
5. www.24saati.ge, axali Rvinis festivali 2014 - winsvla da
mravalferovneba
6. www.vinoge.com, qarTuli Rvinis eqsporti_statistika da
ZiriTadi tendenciebi
7. .www.radiotavisupleba.ge, kazantipis Sedegebi da molodinebi
Tamar siraZe, elene jimSeleiSvili
iv.javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da
biznesis fakultetis III kursis studentebi
xelmZRvaneli e. d., asoc. profesori giuli qeSelaSvili
festivalebis roli qarTuli turizmis ganviTarebaSi
anotacia
naSromSi Seswavlilia festivalebisarsi damniSvneloba.
kerZod, ganxilulia festivalebis organizebis ucxouri
gamocdileba, dagegmvis roli da masTan dakavSirebuli riskebis
gaTvaliswinebis sakiTxebi festivalebis organizebisas. wina
planzea wamoweuli qarTuli Rvinis qvevrSi dayenebis uZvelesi
tradicia daRvinis festivalebis mowyobis mniSvneloba.
gansazRvrulia festivalebis socialur-ekonomikuri aspeqtebi da
is efeqtebi, razec unda gamaxvildes yuradReba festivalebis
dagegmvisas.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
94
Tamar Siradze, Elene Jimsheleishvili Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University
III course students of Economics and Business Administration Faculty
The role of Festivals in Development of Georgian Tourism Annotation
The article analyzes the role and essence of festivals. Particularly, it discusses the foreign experience of organizing festivals, the role of planning issues and related risks incorporated organizing festivals. In the foreground, there is brought the ancient tradition of making Georgian wine and organizing wine festivals. There are determined the social and economic aspects of festivals and the effects, that should be considered while planning them.
Сирадзе Тамара, Джимшелеишвили Елена Тбилисский государственный университет
Именни Ив. Джавахишвили, факультет экономики и бизнеса Студенты III курса
РОЛЬ ФЕСТИВАЛЕВ В РАЗВИТИИ ТУРИЗМА ГРУЗИЙ
Аннотация
В статье затрагивается тема о сущности и значении фестивалев. В частности, он обсуждает зарубежный опыт организации фестивалев, роль планирования и организационные риски. На переднем плане вырожается Грузинское древное традиция приготовление вино в кувшинах и значение организовать винные фестивали. В данной статье рассмотрены социально-экономические аспекты Фестивалев и те эффекты, на которых нужно обратить внимание при планировании Фестивалев.
J. “ekonomisti”, #2, 2015
95
siaxle
saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba dafuZnda
Ppaata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis iniciativiT dafuZnda “saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba”
sazogadoebis damfuZneblebi arian: 1. akademikosi vladimer papava
2. akademikosi avTandil silagaZe
3. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr
korespondenti leo Ciqava
4. profesori Teimuraz beriZe
5. profesori ramaz abesaZe
sazogadoebis prezidentia akademikosi vladimer papava
vice-prezidenti – prof. ramaz abesaZe
sazogadoebis saqmianobis miznia xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganviTarebas, risTvisac: • xels Seuwyobs mecnier-ekonomistTa konsolidacias qveynis masStabiT; • xels Seuwyobs qveyanaSi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis integracias; • xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos ekonomikuri mecnierebis saerTaSoriso samecniero urTierTubebSi CarTTulobis gaZlierebas; • moamzadebs samecniero naSromebs romlebic gamoicema rogorc qveynis Signi, aseve qveynis gareT; • monawileobas miiRebs saerTaSoriso asociaciebis muSaobaSi da saerTaSoriso samecniero proeqtebis ganxorcielebaSi; • waradgens proeqtebs saerTaSoriso grantebis mosapoveblad; • Caatarebs adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis samecniero RonisZiebebs (konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kongresebi, seminarebi da a. S.); • gamarTavs mrgval magidebs, Sexvedrebs qveynis ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri mecnierebis sakiTxebze da sxv.
“samwuxarod, profesionali eqspertebis mosazrebebi nak-
lebad xdeba sazogadoebisaTvis cnobili. Sedegad vakuumi iqm-neba, romelic araprofesionalebis an politikurad motivirebu-li eqspertebis SefasebebiT ivseba. qveyanaSi rTuli ekonomikuri viTarebaa da am fonze umniSvnelovanesia ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis dafuZneba. aucilebelia, rom sazogadoebas Cveni xma mivawvdinoT. rodesac vambob _ rTuli viTarebas, ar vgulis-xmob gavrcelebul sulelur mosazrebas, rom qveyanaSi eko-nomikuri krizisia. aranairi kriteriumiT es ar dasturdeba. ase-Ti Sinaarsis gancxadebebi politikurad motivirebulia. swored
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amitom aris mniSvnelovani sazogadoebis dafuZneba, rom xalxma mecnierebis, eqspertebis obieqturi Sefasebebi moisminos”, _ ganacxada saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis erT-erTma damfuZnebelma da prezidentma. Tsu-s reqtorma, akade-mikosma lado papavam.
saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebaSi, aseve, gawevrianda saqarTvelos finansTa ministri, profesori nodar xaduri. Tsu-is reqtoris gancxadebiT, igi mTavrobasTan urTier-Tobis sakiTxebSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mediatori iqneba. samecniero sazogadoebis prezentaciaze nodar xaduri prezi-diumis wevradac airCies.
“cxadia, aRniSnuli samecniero sazogadoebebis Camoyalibeba mniSvnelovania, radgan igi ekonomikuri samecniero azris ganvi-Tarebaze iqneba fokusirebuli. samecniero sazogadoebis farg-lebSi mecnierebi gaanalizeben ekonomikuri da politikur procesebs da kompetentur rekomendaciebs SeimuSaveben. saqarTve-los ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebaSi TiTqmis yvela cnobili ekonomistia gaerTianebuli da mixaria, rom maT rigebSi mec var. sazogadoebis muSaobis farglebSi ekonomikis, aseve, finansuri politikis sakiTxebze jansaRi diskusiebi gaimarTeba da Cven yvela saR azrs siamovnebiT gaviziarebT”, _ aRniSna saqarTvelos finansTa ministrma, profesorma nodar xadurma.
saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis muSaoba ar iqneba centralizebuli. erT-erTi prioritetuli mimarTuleba regionebTan aqtiuri TanamSromloba da adgilebze warmomadgen-lobebis Seqmna gaxlavT. prioritetulia saerTaSoriso mniSvne-lobis samecniero RonisZiebebis gamarTvac, maT Soris igulisx-meba konferenciebi, simpoziumebi, kongresebi, seminarebi da a.S.
“saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba qveynis masStabiT ekonomistebis gaerTianebas Seuwyobs xels. mimaCnia, rom es Cveni erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa. sazo-gadoebis mniSvnelovani funqciaa, aseve, ganaTlebisa da mecnie-rebis integracia, saqarTvelos ekonomikis mecnierebis saerTa-Soriso samecniero urTierTobebSi CarTulobis gaZliereba, saerTaSoriso grantebis mopoveba, samecniero kvlevebis warmoeba. Cven qveyanaSi arsebul ekonomikur problemebTan dakavSirebiT rekomendaciebsac warmovadgenT da sakanonmdeblo da aRmasru-lebel xelisuflebasTan aqtiurad viTanamSromlebT. gamoicema axali wignebi. ase rom, saqarTvelos ekonomistTa sazogadoebis daarseba Zalian mniSvnelovania rogorc ekonomikuri wreeebi-saTvis, aseve, qveyanaSi ekonomikuri mecnierebis ganviTarebisaT-vis. wesdebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoeba uflebamosilia ganaxorcielos damxmare saxis sa-mewarmeo saqmianobac, saidanac miRebuli Semosavlebi sazo-gadoebis funqcionirebas moxmardeba”, _ ganacxada Tsu-is paata guguSvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis xelmZRvanelma,
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sazogadoebis erT-erTma damfuZnebelma da vice-prezidentma ramaz abesaZem.
saqarTvelos ekonomistTa samecniero sazogadoebis damfuZ-neblebs Soris, aseve, arian akademikosi avTandil silagaZe, mec-nierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti leo Ciqava, Tsu-is eko-nomikisa da biznesis fakultetis dekani, profesori Teomuraz beriZe da Tsu-is reqtori, akademikosi vladimer papava. mecnier-ekonomistTa sazogadoebis prezentacia 23 maiss gaimarTa.
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informacia
***
Jurnal ekonomistis redaqcia acxadebs konkurss premiis mosapoveblad 2013 wels JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli saukeTeso statiisaTvis. premia miekuTvneba statias, romelsac gamoavlens maRalkvalificiuri Jiuri, samecniero statiisaTvis wayenebuli moTxovnebidan gamomdinare.
premiis mflobels gadaecema Sesabamisi diplomi da fuladi premia 300 laris odenobiT.
***
2008 wlidan daarsda paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis samecniero Sromebis krebuli, romelic gamodis periodulad.
Sromebis krebulSi daibeWdeba mecnier ekonomistTa (mecnierebaTa doqtorebi, akademiuri doqtorebi) Sromebi, aseve, bakalavrebis, ma-gistrebis, doqtorantebisa da praqtikos ekonomistTa saTanado mecnie-ruli donis statiebi.
avtorTaTvis krebulSi statiebis gamosaqveyneblad moqmedebs Sem-degi wesebi: 1. krebulSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi un-
da iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.
2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wodebis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtro-nuli fostis miTiTebiT.
3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fon-tiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd eg-zemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri _ TIMES NEW ROMAN).
4. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: economics_institute@yahoo.com, nbibilashvili@rambler.ru institutis xelmZRvaneloba da krebulis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-
SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:
q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 299-68-53.
paata guguSvilis ekonomikis institutis gamomcemloba
qarTul, rusul da inglisur enebze
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SeRavaTian fasebSi gTavazobT nebismier sagamomcemlo saqmianobas:
• masalis akrefa, dakabadoneba, redaqtireba gamoicema:
• samecniero wignebi da naSromebi, enciklopediebi, leqsikonebi, cnobarebi
• perioduli gamocemebi (samecniero SromaTa krebuli, samecniero Jurnalebi, konferenciis masalebi)
• originaluri da naTargmni mxatvruli literatura, saxelmZRva-neloebi, sabavSvo wignebi, albomebi da gzamkvlevebi
• eleqtronuli dargobrivi Jurnalebi
misamarTi: Tbilisi, geronti qiqoZis q. #14 293 22 60; 551 10 07 04. el.fosta: economics_institute@yahoo.com
Jurnal “ekonomistSi” statiebis warmodgenis wesebi
1. JurnalSi gamosaqveyneblad gankuTvnili samecniero naSromebi unda iyos damoukidebeli kvlevis Sedegi. naSromi ar unda arRvevdes saavtoro uflebebs da ar unda iyos gamoqveynebuli romelime sxva organoSi.
2. redaqciaSi warmodgenili statiis originali xelmowerili unda iyos avtoris, xolo Tanaavtorobis SemTxvevaSi yvela Tanaavtoris mier saxelis, gvaris, samuSao adgilis, samecniero xarisxisa da wo-debis, sruli safosto misamarTis, telefonis, faqsis, eleqtronuli fostis miTiTebiT.
3. statia dabeWdili unda iyos 1,5 intervaliT, A4 formatze, 12 fontiT. redaqciaSi statiebis warmodgena aucilebelia or nabeWd egzemplarad, eleqtronul versiasTan erTad (MS WORD, qarTuli teqsti SriftiT ACADNUSX, xolo inglisuri da rusuli TIMES NEW ROMAN).
4. JurnalSi statiebi gamoqveyndeba redaqciaSi maTi Semosvlis rigis mixedviT. redaqciis mier statiis warmodgenis TariRad CaiTvleba redaqciis mier saboloo teqstis miRebis TariRi.
5. statia, romelic srulad ar pasuxobs zemoT moyvanil moTxovnebs, redaqciis mier ar miiReba.
6. erTi gverdis Rirebulebaa 5 lari. naSromebis gamogzavna SegiZliaT eleqtronuli fostiT Semdeg misamarTze: economics_institute@yahoo.com, tealazarashvili@rambler.ru institutis xelmZRvaneloba da Jurnalis redaqcia mzadaa Tanam-
SromlobisaTvis. damatebiTi cnobebisaTvis dagvikavSirdiT Semdeg misamarTze:
q. Tbilisi, qiqoZis q. #14, t.: 293-34-44; 599 97 01 03.
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laris angariSi
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