sp 471 (g1, monday) week 10
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The 1950s
Peace, progress
and prosperity
Dwight D.Eisenhower
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The 1950s
WWII was over but theCold War had begun
Decline in movieattendance
By the late 50s, 85% of all
U.S. homes had atelevision
Audience matured butstudios did not
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The 1950s
Location shootingbecame fashionable asback lots became
expensive
Inroads by independentproducers and foreignfilms
Studios grasped atstraws as by the end of
the 1950s, 75% of
audience under 30
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The 1950s
Ban on film starsappearing on televisionended in 1956
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The 1950s
3-D
Trick to get butts in theseats
Each eye sees adifferent picture, thusthe glasses
2 projectors to one but
still Lousy movies
Synchronizationproblems
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The 1950s
Lead toexperimentation but
Dial M for Murderreleased in a 2-D orregular version
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The 1950s
Very successful asfar as porn goes
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The 1950s
3-Dits still thenext big thing!
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The 1950s
Wide screens
More than TV
Required a 75Koutlay from theatreowners
3 projectors
Peripheral vision likeIMax
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The 1950s
Wide screens
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The 1950s
Only a new screenand a pair of lenses
Deep focusimpossible
Often shot inmedium shots
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The 1950s
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The 1950s
Wide screens
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The 1950s
Pan and scanprocess fortelevision
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMJhM3So4y8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMJhM3So4y8 -
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The 1950s
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The 1950s
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The 1950s
Other gimmicks
William Castle -
shocked you in yourseat - literally
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The 1950s
Youth genres
Biker
Beach
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The 1950s
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The 1950s
Red Scare & The Cold War Americans feared communist attack
Russia feared American attack & theAmerican's atomic bomb
Russias anti-capitalism Russias problematic actions in the
Soviet zone of Germany
America refused to share nuclearsecrets
Russia expanded west into EasternEurope + broken election promises
Russias need for a secure westernborder
Russias aim of spreading worldcommunism
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The 1950s
Ethel & JuliusRosenberg wereexecuted for espionage
in 1953 for allegedlypassing atomic bombsecrets to the Soviets
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The 1950s
The Blacklist & the HollywoodTen - 1950
Interviewed 41 peopleworking in Hollywood who
became friendlywitnesses who namedpeople with leftistsympathies
Some of these people
named others and somerefused to cooperate &were jailed
Those who refused werecalled the Hollywood Ten -mostly writers
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The 1950s
Snowball effect into TheBlacklist or those whowould not be hired by
any studio
320 actors, writers andothers including
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The 1950s
Blacklisted in Hollywood:
Besides the Hollywood
Ten: Jules Dassin, LeeGrant, John Garfield, JackGilford, Martin Ritt,Burgess Meredith, ZeroMostel, Stella Adler, JudyHolliday, Pete Seeger,Orson Bean, Will Geer,Jean Muir, GaleSondergaard and the listgoes on
Alvah Bessie, Herbert J. Biberman, Lester Cole,Edward Dmytryk, Ring Lardner, Jr., JohnHoward Lawson, Albert Maltz, Samuel Ornitz,Adrian Scott, Dalton Trumbo
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Actual Transcript:
Interrogator: Are you a member of the Communist Party or have you ever been a memberof the Communist Party?
Lawson: It's unfortunate and tragic that I have to teach this committee the basic principles of
Americanism.
Interrogator: That's not the question. That's not the question. The question ishave youever been a member of the Communist Party?
Lawson: I am framing my answer in the only way in which any American citizen canframe...absolutely invades his privacy...
Interrogator: Then you deny it? You refuse to answer that question, is that correct?
Lawson: I have told you that I will offer my beliefs, my affiliations and everything else to theAmerican public and they will know where I stand as they do from what I have written.
Interrogator: Stand away from the stand. Stand away from the stand. Officer, take this manaway from the stand.
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The 1950s
Ronald Reagan waspresident of the ScreenActors Guild and an FBIinformant
Cold War hysteria increased Joseph McCarthy
investigated the StateDepartment & the Army forCommunists
His investigations wereinconclusive and televisionshowed him for what he was- a bully in 1954 see GoodNight & Good Luck
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The 1950s
Writers used pseudonymsand fronts Hollywood Tenwriter Dalton Trumbo won anOscar under a a pseudonymand was awarded aposthumous Oscar forRoman Holidaywhich waswon under a front
Blacklist broken officially in1960 by either Kirk Douglasor Otto Preminger -depending on whos talking both were written by Trumbo
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The 1950s
Social realism fromEurope and Asia
gave rise to similarfilms here
Influenced byEurope and post-
war mentality Movies started to
matter
On the Waterfront & The Defiant
Ones
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The 1950s
Konstantin Stanislavsky& Method acting
Director of the famed
Moscow Art Theatre Developed the most
essential approach tothe art of acting overthe 20th century
Approach aimed tocreating realistic andbelievable actingperformances
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The 1950s
Believable truth Employed methods such as
"emotional memory Concerned with the creation
of physical entries into theseemotional states, believingthat the repetition of certainacts and exercises couldbridge the gap between lifeon and off the stage
Demanded actors that paycloser attention to theimportant unsaid messageswithin the writing
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The 1950s
Method acting Marlon Brando Robert de Niro
Sidney Poitier Marilyn Monroe James Dean Montgomery Clift
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The 1950s
Alfred Hitchcock His golden age was the
1950s
Big on experimentationwith format and themes
Savvy entertainer - knewhis audience
Made film his own way -detailed plans like
storyboards Attractive stars in not-so-
attractive roles
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The 1950s
Major Filmmakers
Nicholas Ray
Studied architecture with
Frank Lloyd Wright thusthe affinity for mise enscene
NY Theatre w/Elia Kazanin the 30s & 40s
Connected to the youthmarket
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The 1950s Elia Kazan, 1909-2003
From NY theatre see the GroupTheater directed Tennessee Williams& Arthur Miller plays won 5 Tonys
Cooperated w/HUAC yet a political
liberalsubject to the ReverseBlacklist
Actors director
Family themes - youth and individual asvictim and spiritual exile - Much of hisfilm work is a response to the HUAC
hearings and how it affected him Made stars of Marlon Brando, James
Dean & Warren Beatty
Lifetime achievement Oscar in 1999caused controversy because of HUAC hundreds protested
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/group-theatre/about-the-group-theatre/622/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/group-theatre/about-the-group-theatre/622/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/group-theatre/about-the-group-theatre/622/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/group-theatre/about-the-group-theatre/622/ -
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The 1950s Films include:
Baby Doll, A Tree Grows inBrooklyn, Splendor in theGrass, On the Waterfront
(Oscar), America America, AStreetcar Named Desire, AFace in the Crowd, East ofEden, The Last Tycoon,Gentlemens Agreement(Oscar)
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On the Waterfront
1954
Dir. Elia Kazan
Starring Marlon Brando, KarlMalden, Lee J. Cobb, EvaMarie Saint
Oscars: Best Actor, SupportingActress, Picture, Director,Screenplay, Editing, ArtDirection and Cinematography
Filmed in 36 days in Hoboken
Parallels with HUAC Hearingswhere Kazan and Cobbtestified
The 1950s
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The 1950s
Marlon Brando, 1924-2004 Considered one of the
greatest screen actorsever
Stated on stage butexclusively did film after1949
His performance in The Med& Streetcarintroduced a
magnetic, realistic actingstyle to the public
Jack Nicholson once saidHe gave us our freedom
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000008/biohttp://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000008/bio -
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Marlon Brando
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The 1950s Eva Marie Saint, 1924-
Oscar for On the Waterfront
Hollywood never quite knewwhat to do with her and she
elected to spend time withher family & turned totelevision in the 1970s
Hitchcock used her best inNorth by Northwestputtinga tough character under her
seeming vulnerability Still around if you sat
through Superman Returns
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The 1950s
Karl Malden More than the face of
AmEx
Group Theater alum Oscar for Streetcar(directed by Kazan)
One of the most visiblecharacter actors
Check out Nevada Smithfor bad Karl Malden
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The 1950s
Lee J. Cobb, 1911-1976
Another of Americasgreatest character actors
Also in Group Theater
Named names for HUACafter his wife had a nervousbreakdown
Created role of Willy Lomanin Death of a Salesmanin1949 - considered one of
the greatest performanceson the American stage
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The 1950s
Rod Steiger, 1925-2002 In the Heat of the Night,
The Pawnbroker
Over 100 movies Nominated for Waterfront
Turned down Patton(Oscar for George C.Scott) and Don Corleonein The Godfather
Was completely robbedof an Oscar for ThePawnbroker
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