sol-gel technique for textile finishing antistatic and ... · mahltig et al., journal of materials...
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1
Sol-Gel technique for textile finishing antistatic and repellent surfaces
Torsten Textor1, Boris Mahltig2
1 Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West e.V.
Krefeld, (DTNW)
2 Gesellschaft zur Förderung von Medizin-, Bio- und Umwelttechnologien e.V., Dresden, (GMBU)
DT NW
2 DT NW
Problem
during winter or generally in dry environments a electro-static charging occurs, e.g., in case of - Walking over a carpet - Getting into/out off a car - Taking off a pullover - Combing of hair …
3 DT NW
Effect
• Attraction/repulsion of light particles • Increased soiling • Electric shock (sometimes painful) • Spark formation • Ignition of flammable vapor, gases, powders • Unexpected operation of airbags • Explosion at gas stations (unfrequently, but it happens!)
4 DT NW
Parameters influencing the charging developing if two surfaces are separated • materials that are in contact • area of contact • velocity of separation • purity of the surfaces • amount of humidity at the surface
5 DT NW
Surface resistance of textile fibers Amount of humidity stored
Viscose 107 10-12 Cotton 108 8-10 Polyamide 1012 4 PAN 1014 1,5 PET 1014 0,3-0,4 PVC 1014 0,2 PP 1015 <0,1
[Ω]+ [wt.-%]
• 65% rel. atmospheric moisture, 21°C • + nach DIN 54345
Wirkerei- und Strickerei-Technik 41 (1991) 7
antistatic finishing à hydrophilic finishing
6 DT NW
Rating of the quality of an antistatic finishing
< 5*109 Ω excellent 5*109 – 5*1010 Ω good 5*1010 - 2,5*1011 Ω average > 2,5*1011 Ω bad
7
Aims
Development of coatings based on i/o-hybrid polymers or nanosols, lowering the surface resistance below 5*109 Ohm Maintaining or achieving a good repellence of the antistatic textile
DT NW
low surface resistance + high repellence
8 DT NW
(RO)4Si
(SiO2)n
(SiO2)m
(SiO2)m
AD
DIT
IVE Precursors
Nanosol
Lyogel
Xerogel
Preparation and Modification of inorganic nanosols
Hydrolysis
application, e.g., textile
Drying, curing
9 DT NW
ADDITIVE = hydrophobic/oleophobic alcoxy silanes
Repellence = hydrophobic/oleophobic surfaces
10
Contact angle of a hydrophobic hybrid polymer (applied to a PET-Film)
DT NW CF3 (CF2)5 (CH2)2 Si
OC2H5
OC2H5
OC2H5
fluoro-modified alkoxy silane
Increasing amount of the
fluorine compound
11 DT NW
12 DT NW
e.g., quarternary ammonia compounds, ionic silanes or amines
improved antistatic effect à hydrophilic surface
ADDITIVE = hydrophilic alcoxy silanes
13 DT NW
Combining two opposed properties?! Hydrophobic and hydrophilic?!
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
humidity
14 DT NW
SiO2 C1 C4 Phenyl C8 C12 C16 Referenz0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DuP
ont N
ote
SiO2-Sol Behandlung von Polyester Reihe M639
Si
OC2H5
OC2H5
H5C2OCH3
hydrophobic modification of a polyester farbic employing different alkyl silanes
15 DT NW
SiO2 C1 C4 Phenyl C8 C12 C16 Referenz
1E11
1E12
1E13
Obe
rfläc
henw
ider
stan
d [O
hm]
SiO2-Sol Behandlung von Polyester Reihe M639
Si
OC2H5
OC2H5
H5C2OCH3
… effect for the surface conductivity?!
16 DT NW
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10
Obe
rfläc
henw
ider
stan
d [O
hm]
Konzentration Aminosilan [vol-%]
APS AAPM TRIAMO
Reihe M699 , Sol aus TEOS und MTES mitsteigender Menge an Aminosilanenauf Mischgewebe Polyester/Baumwolle
… increasing the amount of amino silane standard-sol + hydrophobic additive + amino silane
Si
OC2H5
OC2H5
H5C2ONH2
Si
OCH3
OCH3
OCH3
NH NH2
17 DT NW
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10
1E11
1E12
1E13 PES-fabric; 9,8% APS CO/PES-fabric; 9,8% APS PES-fabric; 17,8% APS CO/PES-fabric; 17,8% APS
surfa
ce re
sist
ance
[Ohm
]
chain length [C-Atoms]
standard-sol + hydrophobic additive + amino silane varying the hydrophobic additive …
18 DT NW
10 20 30 40 50
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10
1E11
1E12
1E13
TEOS/APS-Sol varying Hexadecylsilane concentration
PES; 9,8% APS CO/PES; 9,8% APS PES; 17,8% APS CO/PES; 17,8% APS
surfa
ce re
sist
ance
[Ohm
]
share of C16 compared to TEOS [vol-%]
… increasing the amount of the hydrophobic compound
19 DT NW
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
TEG
EW
A d
rop
pene
tratio
n tim
e [m
in]
chain length [C-Atoms]
CO/PES-fabric; 9,8% APS CO/PES-fabric; 17,8% APS
TEGEWA drop penetration time
20 DT NW
Water-repellence, DuPont Grading
21 DT NW
Modification with fluorinated Additives
M758A M758B M758C M758D M758E0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
DuP
ont G
radi
ng
fluor modified sols
CO/PET PET
Oil repellence (AATCC 1970): also up to 8
22 DT NW
M758A M758B M758C M758D M758E
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10su
rface
resi
stan
ce [O
hm]
fluor modified sols
CO/PET PET
Modification with fluorinated Additives
23 DT NW
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10
1E11
1E12
9,8% share of AAPM 17,8% share of AAPM 9,8%; +55000 scrubbing cycles 17,8%; +55000 scrubbing cycles
Sample M715, Polyester
surfa
ce re
sist
ance
[Ohm
]
chainlength [C-atoms]
Scrub-resistance
24 DT NW
Laundry tests
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1E7
1E8
1E9
1E10
1E11
Sol M759 - TRIAMO/MTES-Sols
surf
ace
resi
stan
ce [O
hm]
concentration TRIAMO [vol-%]
CO/PES PES CO/PES - after laundry PES - after laundry
5:1 3:1 1:11E7
1E9
1E11
surf
ace
re
sist
an
ce [O
hm
]ratio TEOS:GPTMS
Polyester PET/CO Polyester after laundring PET/CO after laundring
17,8% AAPM + OctyltriethoxysilanLini-Tester bei 60°C
25 DT NW
APS Triamo
Theoretical XPS rel. shortfall/excess theoretical XPS rel. shortfall/excess
O 26wt.% 25wt.% 22wt.% 17wt.%
N 11wt.% 7wt.% -32% 18wt.% 10wt.% -44% C 35wt.% 46wt.% +30% 49wt.% 55wt.% +14%
Si 28wt.% 22wt.% 11wt.% 18wt.%
XPS-measurements
26 DT NW
0 50 100 150 20020
40
60
80
100
120
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
time [minutes]
sample w
eight [%]
Change of weight during heating
27 DT NW Mahltig et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry 2005, DOI: 10.1039/b505177k
super-paramagnetic magnetic coatings
photocatalytic activity
Antistatic+repellence improved stab-resistance
Sol-gel-coating improving the weather
28 DT NW
Acknowledgements
We thank the DECHEMA Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V.
for financial support of the project AiF-Nr. 15299BG, which is part of the programm to support the „Industriellen Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF)� with financial
resources of the Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) which was carried out by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller
Forschungsvereinigungen e.V. (AiF)
29 DT NW
Thank you for your attention!
textor@dtnw.de +49 2151 843-159
mahltig@gmbu.de +49 03512695340
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