skinner to maslow. * psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories: * 1 st –...

Skinner to Maslow

*Psychology

* TREATING MENTAL DISORDERS

*Psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories:

*1st – Neuroses:

* Individuals experience high level of anxiety or tension in coping with their daily lives.

*Panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsivity disorder.

*Mental Disorders

*2nd – Psychoses:

*Disconnection from the real world and may suffer delusions or hallucinations and requires treatment so they can live a normal life.

*Example: Paranoia: irrational thoughts of persecution or foreboding.

*Schizophrenia: a complex disorder that leads to feelings of stress and social isolation.

*Treating Mental Disorders

*3rd - Anti-Social Personality Disorder

*A habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others.

*Symptoms include pathological lying, absence of empathy, deliberately causing pain, lack of feelings of guilt.

*FOUNDATIONAL PYSCHOLOGISTS

*Burrhus Frederick (B.F). Skinner (1904-1990)

*American, Behavioural psychologists

*Learning experiments on animals-rats and pigeons.

*Believed that experiments on animals could reveal insight applicable to humans.

*Theory of Operant

Conditioning

*Learning can be programmed by whatever consequences follows a particular behaviour.

*People repeat behaviour that is rewarded and avoid behaviours that are punished.

*“The Behaviour of Organisms” (1938)

* The “Skinner box”

*The rats learned through trial and error to press the appropriate lever whenever they are hungry or thirsty.

*People could be conditioned to behave in certain ways by giving them rewards when they displayed good behaviour and withholding rewards when they displayed bad behaviour.

*Psychological Well-being

*Behavioural modification is possible through exploration and treatment of the unconscious mind.

*Success in therapy relied on ability of therapists to correctly understand how the personality was formed in the human mind.

*Two types of Individuals:

*Introverts

*Look inward for well-being

*Loners

*Extroverts

*Draw others close for well-being

*Outgoing

* Abraham Maslow

*American Psychologist known for his analysis of human needs.

*“Hierarchy of human needs in Motivation and Personality” (1954) and “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1962).

*Human needs range from basic survival to love and esteem.

*The satisfactions of needs leads us to the next phase.

*People who have been unable to satisfy their need for esteem are unable to focus on the common need of all and therefore, cannot integrate and make whole the personality.

*Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs