skinner to maslow. * psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories: * 1 st –...
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Skinner to Maslow
*Psychology
* TREATING MENTAL DISORDERS
*Psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories:
*1st – Neuroses:
* Individuals experience high level of anxiety or tension in coping with their daily lives.
*Panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsivity disorder.
*Mental Disorders
*2nd – Psychoses:
*Disconnection from the real world and may suffer delusions or hallucinations and requires treatment so they can live a normal life.
*Example: Paranoia: irrational thoughts of persecution or foreboding.
*Schizophrenia: a complex disorder that leads to feelings of stress and social isolation.
*Treating Mental Disorders
*3rd - Anti-Social Personality Disorder
*A habitual pattern of rule-breaking and harming others.
*Symptoms include pathological lying, absence of empathy, deliberately causing pain, lack of feelings of guilt.
*FOUNDATIONAL PYSCHOLOGISTS
*Burrhus Frederick (B.F). Skinner (1904-1990)
*American, Behavioural psychologists
*Learning experiments on animals-rats and pigeons.
*Believed that experiments on animals could reveal insight applicable to humans.
*Theory of Operant
Conditioning
*Learning can be programmed by whatever consequences follows a particular behaviour.
*People repeat behaviour that is rewarded and avoid behaviours that are punished.
*“The Behaviour of Organisms” (1938)
* The “Skinner box”
*The rats learned through trial and error to press the appropriate lever whenever they are hungry or thirsty.
*People could be conditioned to behave in certain ways by giving them rewards when they displayed good behaviour and withholding rewards when they displayed bad behaviour.
*Psychological Well-being
*Behavioural modification is possible through exploration and treatment of the unconscious mind.
*Success in therapy relied on ability of therapists to correctly understand how the personality was formed in the human mind.
*Two types of Individuals:
*Introverts
*Look inward for well-being
*Loners
*Extroverts
*Draw others close for well-being
*Outgoing
* Abraham Maslow
*American Psychologist known for his analysis of human needs.
*“Hierarchy of human needs in Motivation and Personality” (1954) and “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1962).
*Human needs range from basic survival to love and esteem.
*The satisfactions of needs leads us to the next phase.
*People who have been unable to satisfy their need for esteem are unable to focus on the common need of all and therefore, cannot integrate and make whole the personality.
*Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs