skin anatomy chc training 2012 [compatibility mode] [repaired]
Post on 04-Nov-2014
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Skin
Body's largest organ: ~ 16% total body weight
1.2 to 2.3 m2 surface area
Described as body’s “Cutaneous envelop”
Protects us from the outside world
EpidermisIncredibly thin…..as thin as a piece of paper
Total skin thickness is 1.5 to 4 mm
Thickness of epidermis is between 0.06 – 0.1 mm ( except on palms and soles)
Epidermis is made of 5 distinct cell layers
- stratum corneum (Horny cell layer)
- stratum lucidum (Clear cell layer)
- stratum granulosum (Granular cell layer)
- stratum spinosum (Prickle cell layer)
- stratum Germinativum (Basal cell layer)
Process of Keratinization
The skin is in continuous process of self-renewal
Keratinization is the series of events through which the epidermis forms its protective outer sheath – the stratum corneum
Dermis Dermis is 20 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis
Provides a flexible support structure
Encloses the blood vessels, nerve and glands
Dermis
• Apocrine sweat glands
Large specialized sweat glands localized in axilla, areola, bearded regions of the face in adult males.
Begin to function in puberty and respond to hormones
Secrete oily colorless substance
Sweat decomposed by bacteria…… Body Odour
Sweat Glands
Protection: Physical trauma, micro-organism and Harmful UV light
Regulation of body temperature
Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
Transmission of sensations of pain, touch,
pressure, warmth and cold
Synthesis of vitamin D
Functions of the Skin
Skin Lesions
Small solid, elevated skin lesion, usually 1 cm or less in diameter.
Seen in many skin diseases like Acne
Papule
Elevated, flat-topped lesion
Usually greater than 1cm in diameter;
Described as being shaped like plateau
e. g.:
- psoriasis
Plaque
Solid deep seated mass in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
Produces elevation on the skin surface
Can be seen in gross inspection or only on palpation.
Ex.:
- Nodulocystic acne
Nodule
Transient, solid, itchy, raised area of cutaneous edema with irregular shape, different diameter and erythema.
e. g.:
- urticaria
- insect bites
Wheal
Elevated, thin-walled lesion; filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter.
Ex.:
- Herpes simplex
- Varicella
- Herpes Zoster
Vesicle
Thickened and rough epidermis
Skin looks dry and leathery
e .g.:
- Atopic dermatitis
Lichenification
Change in skin’s appearance following repair after skin injury.
e. g.:
- healed wound
Scar
A linear and small split or crack in the epidermis and dermis.e. g.:
- Cracked feet
Fissure
Depressed lesion that is wider than a fissure but not as deep
Erosion
Deep erosion in which all of epidermis and part of dermis are eaten away
e. g.:
-wound ulcer-Bed sore
Ulcers
Reduction of skin thickness occurring at any skin layer.
e. g.:
- aged skin
Atrophy
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