skeleton, joints and bones

Skeleton, joints and bones

Functions of the skeleton

1.- Protection

– Bone tissue is both hard and flexible

– It´s very rigid and tough so it can protect delicate organs, in particular the brain

2.- Support

- The skeleton provides a rigid frame for the rest of the body to kind of hang off, kind of like a custom made coat hanger

- all the soft tissues are supported by the skeleton. This allow us to stand up

3.- Movement

– Bones are rigid and solid

– This means muscles can be attached via tendons

4.- Produce blood cells

– All blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. As children, most of our bones produce blood. As we age this gradually diminishes to just the bones of the spine (vertebrae), breastbone (sternum), ribs, pelvis and small parts of the upper arm and leg.

Types of joints

•Ball and soket joint

– Is found in the hip-bone and the shoulder

– Allows the most movement of all joints

•Sliding joint

– Found in the vertebral column, some bones of the wrist,…

– Allows small sliding movement

•Hinge joint– Is found in your elbow and knee– It allows bones to move like a hinge

in a door

• Fixed joint

•This type of joint is found in your skull• It doesn´t allow any movement at all

Joints allow movement

• 1.- Inamovable joints (Sinartrosic)• You can´t move them. E.g.: the skull

• 2.- Slightly movable (Anfiartrosic)• You can move them a bit. E.g.: the spine

• 3.- Freely movable (Diartrosic)• You can move them loads• E.g.:shoulder, hip

Elements of joints

Bone

Sinovial membrane:cover all the joint around

Cartilage:cover and protect the end of the bones

Sinovial fluid: lubricating and cushioningTendon: connect the muscle and the bone

The knee

femur

cartilage

Meniscos: allow more Coupling

Ligaments: connect and hold bone to bone

tibia fibula

atlas

axis

1st. Dorsal vertebra

1st. Lumbar vertebra

sacro

coxis