sentence types and verb tenses
Post on 08-Jul-2015
775 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
The course aims to
simplify the language and nobody should be intimidated by it.
help you to feel at ease with the mechanics of English and equip you to deal with it in the classroom and answer student queries.
cover the important areas of grammar.
Grammar
The study of the way thesentences of a language
are constructed;morphology and syntax.
Linguisticsthe study of language,including phonetics,
phonology, morphology,syntax, semantics, and
pragmatics.
What this session will cover
Sentence Types
Sentence Types according to structure
Simple & Compound
Sentences
Rule 1 :
• Simple sentences can be very short, consisting of only one word (a noun) for the subject and one word (a verb) for the predicate.
• The noun is called the simple subject and the verb is the simple predicate.
John laughed.
Simple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
Rule 2:
• Simple sentences can be long, although they still consist of one
subject (a noun and modifiers) and one predicate (a verb and other
elements). The noun is called a simple subject, and the verb is the
simple predicate.
The tall, good-looking boy with the curly blond hair laugheduproariously at his best friend’s suggestion.
Simple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
1. Three beautiful kittens looked up at me from inside a box of old clothes.
2. At the stroke of midnight, the carriage turned into a large orange pumpkin.
3. The three girls carried back packs filled with books, foods, make-ups and other assorted items.
Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.
Subject : kittens Predicate : looked
Subject : carriage Predicate : turned
Subject : girls Predicate : carried
Rule 3 :
• Simple sentences can be declarative or interrogative.
You can shop at the mall on the weekend. (declarative)
Can you shop at the mall on the weekend? (interrogative)
Grading
Simple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
1. Who can tell me the answer to the question about the Civil War?
2. Did Mary have time to call her brother this morning?
3. Where in the world did your sister put her purse and car keys?
Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.
Subject : who Predicate : can tell
Predicate : did haveSubject : Mary
Predicate : did put Subject : sister
Rule 4 :
Simple sentences can have a verb in any tense (past, present & future).
My friend shops at the mall on the weekend. (present)
My friend shopped at the mall last weekend. (past)
My friend will shop at the mall next weekend. (future)
Q&ASimple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
1. Three years ago, my baby sister was born on the first day of January.
2. Most of the times my classmates were wearing heavy clothes in the winter month.
3. The shiny yellow toy was easily caught by the eager puppy.
Exercise : identify the subject and predicate (verb) in these simple sentences.
Subject : sister Predicate : was born
Predicate : were wearingSubject : classmates
Predicate : was caught Subject : toy
Rule 5 :
Simple sentences can have a compound subject.
Simon and Sally recorded an album that year. (compound subject)
America’s well-known novelist, journalist and editors attended a conference in New York last week. (compound subject)
SummarySimple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
1. You and I know the names of these flowers.
2. Frisky squirrels, jewel-like hummingbirds and little wild bunnies were hiding in the garden.
3. Every six weeks or so, her cousins and grade school classmates came over to her house for a little tea party
Exercise : identify the compound subject and predicate in these simple sentences.
Subject : you and I Predicate : know
Predicate : were hidingSubject : frisky squirrels, jewel-like
hummingbirds, little wild bunnies
Predicate : came Subject : cousins, grade school
classmates
Rule 6 :
Simple sentences can also have compound predicates.
Lily sang, danced and played the violin with passion.
Simple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
1. The telephone on the desk rang and rang then suddenly stop ringing.
2. Who’s coming to the party and bringing the ice-cream?
3. The man in the brown raincoat slipped quietly and around the corner and hid in a dark doorway.
Exercise : identify the subject and predicate in these simple sentences.
Subject :
telephone
Predicate : rang, rang and
stop
Predicate : coming, bringingSubject : who
Predicate : slipped and hid Subject : man
Rule 7 :
Simple sentences can also have both compound subject and compound predicate.
The mashed avocado, minced garlic, vinegar, mayonnaise and olive oil should be blended thoroughly and whipped briefly for a light consistency.
Simple sentences are independent clauses.
They contain a subject and a predicate.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand
alone (independent clauses)
Independent clauses are connected by coordinating
conjunctions, conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.
Compound Sentence
We went to London,
and most of us shopped all day .
Subject Verb
Coordinating
Conjunction
Predicate
Verb
Prepositional phrase
Modifying phraseSubject
Compound Sentences
My parents caught a severe cold; consequently, they had to cancel their vacation.
Some people like basketball; others prefer baseball.
Conjunctive
Adverb
Semi-colon
Complex Sentence
A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand alone and
another one that cannot
The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the sentence by a
subordinating conjunction
Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have
fun,
we went to Magic Planet
yesterday.
PredicateSubject
Subordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand
alone, and at least one that cannot.
Notice how the different conjunctions link the different parts of
this sentence
Compound-Complex Sentence
Since we wanted to have fun,
my sister and I went to Magic Planet,
and we played all day.
Subject Predicat
e
Subordinating
Conjunction
Coordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Compound-Complex Sentence
For More Information
Index Sentence Types
http://eslbee.com/sentences.htm
Sentences
http://www.pitt.edu/~atteberr/comp/0150/grammar/sentencetypes.html
Online writing type – sentence types
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/573/02/
End of first part of slide
We will proceed to the next slide..
What this session will cover
Verb Tenses
Timeline
• Draw a timeline of your life. List 8-10 events on the time line.
– Make sure you list your future plan date!
38
Was Born1978
Started School 1983
Traveled to Europe
KU1999
Promoted toHOD 2005
Finishes my PHD
Had my Masters2006
The Six English Verb TensesThree Simple Tenses Simple continuous
Present – You walk.
I run.
You are walking
I am running.
Past – You Walked
I ran.
You were walking.
I was running.
Future – You will walk.
I will run.
You will be walking.
I will be running.
Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous
Present perfect – you have walked.
I have run.
You have been walking.
I have been running.
Past Perfect – You had walked.
I had run.
You had been walking.
I had been running.
Future Perfect– You will have
walked
I will have run.
You will have been walking.
I will have been running.
The Simple Present TenseExpresses a habit or often repeated
action. Adverbs of frequency such as, often, seldom, sometimes, never, etc. are used with this tense.
She goes to work everyday.
They always eat lunch together.
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects SIMPLE PRESENT: something you do often, sometimes, never, seldom
The Simple Present TenseThis tense also expresses general truths
or facts that are timeless.
Snow falls in the December in Minnesota.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The Present ContinuousThis tense is used to describe an action
that is occurring right now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary
She is typing a paper for her class.
He can’t talk. He is fixing the sink right now.
Formed by adding Is/are before the verb and –ing to the verb
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PRESENT CONTINUOUS: something that is occurring right now.
The Simple PastWe use the simple past to indicate exactly
when an action or event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.
We went out to dinner last night.
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects SIMPLE PAST: something you did in the past that is now completed (over, done).
The Simple PastThe simple past is used to describe
actions and/or events that are now completed and no longer true in the present.
I attended MJC in 1998. (I no longer attend MJC.)
I saw a movie every weekend when I was a teenager. (I don’t see movies very much anymore.)
Formed by adding -ed to REGULAR Verbs –see IRREGULAR Verb forms
The Past ContinuousThe past continuous is often used with
the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.
I was taking a bath when the doorbell rang.
They were eating dinner when the neighbors stopped by for a visit.
Formed by adding Was/were before the verb and –ing to the verb
The Past ContinuousThe past continuous is used to talk about
an activity that was in progress at a specific point of time in the past. The emphasis is on the duration of the activity in the past.
I was studying for an exam while my mother was cooking dinner.
We were walking in the park around 7 p.m. last night.
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PAST CONTINUOUS tense.
The Present PerfectThe present perfect is used to talk about
an event that began in the past and continues up to the present.
He has lived in Modesto for two years.
(He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still lives there.)
Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the REGULAR verb
The Present PerfectThe present perfect is also used to talk
about an event that was completed in the past, but the specific time of the event is not important.
I have seen that movie before.
He has already visited Vietnam.
(Specific dates and times are not mentioned.)
Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the reugalr verb
On your handout, write one sentence that reflects PRESENT PERFECT tense.
Simple Past or Present Perfect? 1. I __________ to Mexico in 2002. (go)
2. I __________ deep sea diving a few times (go).
3. The drummer in the band __________ percussions
since he was five. (study)
4. It __________ the jury two hours to reach their
verdict yesterday.
5. Washington, D.C., _____________ the capital of our
country for many years. (be)
went
have gone
has studied
took
has been
Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used to describe the
duration of an action that began in the past and continues into the present.
He has been studying grammar for an hour.
She has been cooking all day.
(He is still studying and she is still cooking.)
Present Perfect ContinuousThis tense is also used to describe events
that have been in progress recently and are rather temporary.
She has been living in Taiwan for the last two months, but she plans to move soon.
Formed by adding has/have + be verb (been) before the verb and –ing to the verb
The Past PerfectThis tense describes completed events
that took place in the past before another past event.
The Titanic had received many warnings before it hit the iceberg.
I had already eaten when my friend stopped by to visit.
had received
had eaten
it hit
my friend stopped by
Formed by adding had before the verb and –edto the REGULAR verb
Past Perfect ContinuousThis tense is used to emphasize the
duration of an action that was completed before another action or event in the past.
She had been driving around the city for three hours before she finally found the right office.
had been driving she found the right office
Formed by adding had + be verb(been) before the verb and –ingto the verb
The FutureWill and be + going + to are often used to
describe future actions.
Thomas will graduate in June.
Maria is going to go to Mexico next week.
The FutureThe simple present and present
continuous are also used to express future time. These are often used used in connection with schedules.
She is meeting a new client at eleven o’clock.
The train leaves at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.
The Future ContinuousThis tense is used to describe an event or
action that will occur over a period of time at a specific point in the future.
I will be teaching ESL 40 at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
They will be moving their furniture out of the house by the time you arrive tomorrow.
at 10 a.m. tomorrow
by the time you arrive
Formed by adding [will have]+ing
The Future PerfectThis tense is used to describe an event or
action that will be completed before another event or time in the future.
We will have finished the exam by the time class ends tomorrow.
will have finished the exam class ends
Future Perfect ContinuousThis tense describes an action that has
been in progress for a duration of time before another event or time in the future.
By the time he finishes law school, we will have been living in the U.S. for eight years.
finishes law school
will have been living in the U.S. for eight years
Practicing with sequence
1. The program will continue only after the coughing
and fidgeting __________ . (stop)
2. Because he was poor and unappreciated by the
music world when he died in 1791, Mozart did not
realize the importance his music __________ in the
future. (have)
3. Dad will tell us tonight if he ____________ a new car
next month.
have stopped
would have
will buy
Practicing with sequence
4. Albert Einstein failed the entrance exam at the
Swiss Federal institute of technology because he
__________________ a very disciplined student.
(be + never)
5. Einstein studied only subjects that he __________ .
(like)
6. Cancer researchers think it’s likely that a cure for
most cancers ____________ found. (be + soon)
had never been
liked
will soon be
Unnecessary Shifts in Tense
• The customer demanded to see the manager. He was angry because every jacket he tries on has something wrong with it. A button was missing on the first, the lining did not hang properly on the second, and the collar had a stain on the third.
Read this paragraph. Identify the verb tenses. Revise the
paragraph to be a consistent tense.
The customer demanded to see the
manager. He was angry because
every jacket he tries on has something
wrong with it. A button was missing on
the first, the lining did not hang
properly on the second, and the
collar had a stain on the third.
Past tense Present tense
Correct unnecessary shift
• The customer demanded to see the manager. He was angry because every jacket he tried on had something wrong with it. A button was missing on the first, the lining did not hang properly on the second, and the collar had a stain on the third.
Correcting Shifts
Charles dickens was a nineteenth-century author
whose work is well known today. One of the reasons
Dickens remained so popular is that so many of his
stories are available not only as books but also as
movies, plays, and television productions.
We all knew from our childhood the famous story of uncle
Scrooge and Tiny Tim.
We often saw a television version of A Christmas Carol at
holiday time.
remains
know
see
Quick Test
Directions: In the items that follow, choose
the option that corrects an error in the
underlined portion(s). If no error exists, choose
“No change is necessary.”
Show me what you
know.
Item 1
We knew that Charley had hid the cookies in
his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched
in
all the dresser drawers.
A. knowed
B. hidden
C. stealed
D. No change is necessary.
We knew that Charley had hid the cookies in
A B
his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched
in
C
all the dresser drawers.
A. knowed
B. hidden
C. stealed
D. No change is necessary.
We knew that Charley had hidden the cookies
in
A B
his bedroom, so we stole his key and searched
in
C
all the dresser drawers.
A. knowed
B. hiddenC. stealed
D. No change is necessary.
Item 2
If we had known that you were serving squid
eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!
A. of came
B. have came
C. have come
D. No change is necessary.
If we had known that you were serving squid
eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!
A. of came
B. have came
C. have come
D. No change is necessary.
If we had known that you were serving squid
eyeball stew, we would of come for dinner!
A. of came
B. have came
C. have comeD. No change is necessary.
Item 3
Priscilla use to have a pet parakeet; her
mother’s
story is that the bird escaped and flew away,
but
Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.
A. used
B. flied
C. eaten
D. No change is necessary.
Priscilla use to have a pet parakeet; her
mother’s
A
story is that the bird escaped and flew away,
but
B
Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.
C
A. used
B. flied
C. eaten
D. No change is necessary.
Priscilla used to have a pet parakeet; her
mother’s
A
story is that the bird escaped and flew away,
but
B
Priscilla believes that the cat ate it.
C
A. usedB. flied
C. eaten
D. No change is necessary.
Item 4
Julissa was soaked during the afternoon
thunderstorm because she had choosed to
walk to school rather than drive.
A. chosen
B. choosen
C. chose
D. No change is necessary.
Julissa was soaked during the afternoon
thunderstorm because she had choosed to
walk to school rather than drive.
A. chosen
B. choosen
C. chose
D. No change is necessary.
Julissa was soaked during the afternoon
thunderstorm because she had choosed to
walk to school rather than drive.
A. chosenB. choosen
C. chose
D. No change is necessary.
Item 5James brung roses and begged forgiveness,
but
when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t
shaved
his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his
face.
A. brought
B. seen
C. shutted
D. No change is necessary.
James brung roses and begged forgiveness,
but
A
when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t
shaved
B
his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his
C
face.
A. brought
B. seen
C. shutted
D. No change is necessary.
James brought roses and begged forgiveness,
but
A
when Rhonda saw that her ex still hadn’t
shaved
B
his ridiculous mustache, she shut the door in his
C
face.
A. broughtB. seen
C. shutted
D. No change is necessary.
Item 6
If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that
bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all
over the front of his new white shirt.
A. took
B. tooked
C. taken
D. No change is necessary.
If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that
bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all
over the front of his new white shirt.
A. took
B. tooked
C. taken
D. No change is necessary.
If Toby had tooken Charlene’s advice, that
bottle of soda wouldn’t have exploded all
over the front of his new white shirt.
A. took
B. tooked
C. takenD. No change is necessary.
Item 7
Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor
Cook’s desk; he had wrote the last sentence at
2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to
deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.
A. layed
B. written
C. run
D. No change is necessary.
Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor
A
Cook’s desk; he had wrote the last sentence at
B
2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to
C
deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.
A. layed
B. written
C. run
D. No change is necessary.
Cooper laid the 10-page paper on Professor
A
Cook’s desk; he had written the last sentence
at
B
2:50 p.m., and then he ran across campus to
C
deliver the work by the 3 o’clock deadline.
A. layed
B. writtenC. run
D. No change is necessary.
Item 8
We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had
moved up the date of the quiz if we attended
her calculus class more frequently.
A. of knowen
B. have known
C. have knew
D. No change is necessary.
We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had
moved up the date of the quiz if we attended
her calculus class more frequently.
A. of knowen
B. have known
C. have knew
D. No change is necessary.
We would have knowen that Dr. Carlson had
moved up the date of the quiz if we attended
her calculus class more frequently.
A. of knowen
B. have knownC. have knew
D. No change is necessary.
Item 9
Margaret breaked the cookie and gave half to
the young man stuck in the elevator with her;
they
told stories to pass the time as mechanics
worked on the hydraulics.
A. broke
B. gived
C. telled
D. No change is necessary.
Margaret breaked the cookie and gave half to
A B
the young man stuck in the elevator with her;
they
told stories to pass the time as mechanics
C
worked on the hydraulics.
A. broke
B. gived
C. telled
D. No change is necessary.
Margaret broke the cookie and gave half to
A B
the young man stuck in the elevator with her;
they
told stories to pass the time as mechanics
C
worked on the hydraulics.
A. brokeB. gived
C. telled
D. No change is necessary.
Item 10
Meredith would have went to the concert, but
Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still
haven’t found.
A. of went
B. have gone
C. have goed
D. No change is necessary.
Meredith would have went to the concert, but
Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still
haven’t found.
A. of went
B. have gone
C. have goed
D. No change is necessary.
Meredith would have went to the concert, but
Gregory misplaced the tickets, which they still
haven’t found.
A. of went
B. have goneC. have goed
D. No change is necessary.
The End.
Don’t let the right verb
form get
away!
top related