seminar on brush less dc motors

A Seminar

on BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

InELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

By V.VINAY (167 05A0248)

II B.Tech EEEUnder the esteemed guidance of

Mr. C. GANESH, M.Tech ,Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERINGANNAMACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES, RAJAMPET

(An Autonomous Institution)2016-17

Brushless DC Motors

Contents…• Introduction• Motor basics• Principles of BLDC motor• Construction• Hall sensors• How it works• Torque/speed characteristics• Advantages• Disadvantages• Applications• Conclusion

Introduction…• Classical DC motors are no doubt good and

simple but inefficient in some ways.• Although dc motors possess good control

characteristics and ruggedness, their performance and applications are inhibited due to sparking and commutation problems.

• The Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) motor is able to overcome the limitations mentioned above and satisfy the requirements of a variable speed drive.

• What is a motor Converts electrical energy into kinetic energy• How it works

Motor Basics

Brushless DC Motor(BLDC)Principles• A BLDC is simply a normal dc motor turned inside out, that means the coil is on the out side and the magnets are inside• The stator consists of several coils which current is led through Creating a magnetic field that makes the rotor turns

Construction• Stator consists of stacked steel laminations with windings placed in the slots that are axially cut along theinner periphery

• Rotor is made of permanent magnet and can vary from two to eight pole pairs with alternate North (N) and South (S) poles. Ferrite magnets and Rare earth alloy magnets are used in rotor

Unlike a brushed DC motor, the commutation of a BLDC motor is controlled electronically.

It is important to know the rotor position in order to understand which winding will be energized following the energizing sequence.

Rotor position is sensed by different ways some of them are1) Hall sensors2) Optical encoders

Hall Sensors

When a magnetic field applied to a system with electric current a hall voltage Perpendicular to the field and to current is generated.This was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879.

How it works

• Halls Sensors sense the position of the coils

• The Decoder Circuit turns appropriate switches on and off

• The voltage through the specific coils turns the motor

TORQUE/SPEED CHARACTERISTICS

Advantages • Increased Reliability & Efficiency

• Longer Life

• Elimination of Sparks from Commutator

• Reduced Friction

• Faster Rate of Voltage & Current

Disadvantages

• Requires Complex Drive Circuitry

• Requires additional Sensors

• Higher Cost

• Some designs require manual labor (Hand wound Stator Coils)

ApplicationsConsumer: Hard Drives, CD/DVD Drives, PC Cooling Fans, toys, RC airplanes, air conditioners

Medical: Artificial heart, Microscopes, centrifuges, Arthroscopic surgical tools, Dental surgical tools and Organ transport pump system.

Vehicles: electronic power steering, personal electric vehicles

Airplanes: an electric self launching sailplane, flies with a 42kW DC/DC brushless motor and Li-Ion batteries and can climb up to 3000m with fully charged cells

Conclusion

• Although Brushless DC Motors are more expensive of the same kW rating than conventional DC Motor but there are many advantages.

• Brushless DC Motors can run when submerged in fluids.

• Brushless DC Motor does not produce brush or commutator particles or gases as by-products of operation.