sehs option d: nutrition for sport, exercise and health

SEHS Option D:Nutrition for sport, exercise and

health

Outline the features of the principal components of the digestive system

• Mouth – mechanical digestionand start chemical digestion• Esophagus – begins peristalsis• Stomach – mechanical digestionand begins chemical digestion ofproteins

possess rugae – folded interior that increases surface area lumen – open area

mucous coating preventsself digestion

Cont’d• Small intestine – main organ for chemicaldigestion (produces monomers from polymers

possess – highly folded interior (villi andmicrovilli) to increase surface area

*Large intestines – water absorption andvitamin K production and absorption*Pancreas – produces digestive enzymes(lipase, proteases, disaccharidases) and hormones (insulin, glucagon)Liver – produces bile (mechanical digestionof fat)Gall Bladder – stores bile

Identify typical pH values found in various parts of the digestive system

Describe the functions of enzymes in the context of macronutrient digestion

• What are enzymes?- biological catalysts (speed up catabolic and anabolic

reactions)- made of proteins

LIPASE

Fats ----------------- Fatty acids and glycerolcarbohydrases

Polysaccharides ---------- monosaccharides proteases

Proteins ---------- Amino acids

Cont’d• All enzymes are effected by the temperature and

pH of the solution they are in• (salivary amylase/pancreatic amylase. Why twice?)• Why super high fevers are deadly

So why are enzymes sonecessary for digestion

• Metabolism can be accelerated by temperature increases….but at what costs?

• Enzymes allow metabolism to occur at relative low temperatures (98.6)

• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html

List the digestive enzymes that are responsible for digestion of fats, carbohydrates and proteins

Describe the absorption of glucose, amino acids and fatty acids from the intestinal lumen to the digestive capillary network.

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• Monosaccharides and amino acids (blood); fat (lymph)