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Kavitha Priya
2
Evincepub Publishing Parijat Extension, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495001
First Published by Evincepub Publishing 2018
Copyright © Kavitha Priya 2018
All Rights Reserved.
ISBN: 978-81-933783-6-6
Price: Rs.320/-
This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to
make the material error-free after the consent of the author. No part
of this book shall be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever
without written permission from the author, except in the case of
brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The
Author of this book is solely responsible and liable for its content
including but not limited to the views, representations,
descriptions, statements, information, opinions and references
[“Content”]. The Content of this book shall not constitute or be
construed or deemed to reflect the opinion or expression of the
Publisher or Editor. Neither the Publisher nor Editor endorse or
approve the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability,
accuracy or completeness of the Content published herein and do
not make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or
implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of
merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose. The Publisher and
Editor shall not be liable whatsoever for any errors, omissions,
whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident,
or any other cause or claims for loss or damages of any kind,
including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or
damage arising out of use, inability to use, or about the reliability,
accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in this book.
Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.
3
Dual Role
Learn English Grammar with
Pencil Art
By
Kavitha Priya
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5
About The Author
Kavitha Priya completed M.A.,M.Phil in English at Bishop Heber College, Trichy. She
considers God as her strength of her life. Her positive notes are highly spiritual, self-
motivated and self- confident and bold. She is very much interested in English Language
Teaching. She has Undergone project related to ELT namely Role of singing in
strengthening pronunciation and Activity based learning and play way method in the
class room management: Measuring student Engagement and Learning in M.A. and
M.Phil. She is hoping to do more new projects on ELT. She firmly states that google
could never be powerful than a perfect teacher even if it provides ample knowledgeable
sources. Teaching is her ultimate passion. Writing a book is not the big deal, but it has to
carry the intention of sharing new methods of learning and information to others.
Grammar is the base for speaking any language fluently. Nowadays, art becomes out of
fashion, so Kavitha has combined both English grammar with Pencil art. This book
comprises a simple definition, easy rules and less exercise. The important grammar rules
set apart for easy references. This book helps us for the better usage of grammar in
speaking and writing. This book will remain an edifice for all ages.
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Kavitha Priya
6
About The Book
Learning grammar is base for learning any language effectively. This book gives
confident to speak in English without a grammatical error. “Learning Grammar helps to
reach oneself into next step i.e. speaking fluently”. This book made into simple definition
and rules to be followed and it is easier to understand. The book helps both for the
children and for the adults. This book comprises a less exercises because the student and
the teacher should not completely depend on the book exercises rather they must train by
their own and by giving new interactive exercises in the class, so that the classroom
become lively. The pencil art is added to make the student entertain and get their
attention and this makes them interesting too. This book helps the reader to learn English
grammar and fun with Pencil art too.
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Content Table
S.N. Contents Page No.
1. Phonetics & alphabets 9
2. Plurals 11
3. Parts of speech 18
4. Articles 43
5. Sentence pattern 49
6. Kinds of sentences 51
7. Prefix & suffix 55
8. Syllabification 57
9. Compound words 61
10. Question tag 64
11. Infinitive & Gerund 67
12. Degree of Comparison 71
13. Tenses 75
14. Voice 94
15. Reported Speech 97
16. Transformation of Sentences 103
17. Phrasal verbs 106
18. Idioms 111
19. Basic English usage 114
20. Quotes 124
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Dual Role
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PLURALS Before learning Plurals, one must know the difference between Singular and Plural.
All nouns that represent single or one thing are called singular.
All nouns that represent two or more things are called plurals.
f.g. 1 f.g. 2
For example: f.g. 1 is ROSE singular
f.g. 2 is ROSES plurals
Let us look out some of the rule to be follow for making singular into plurals:
Rule: 1
The nouns ending with „x’, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s, ‘o’,in singular will add „es’ in plurals.
For example: Arch – Arches
Bench – Benches
Pox _ Poxes
Ash _ Ashes
Atlas _ Atlases
Zero _ Zeroes
Echo _ Echoes
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Rule: 2
The nouns ending with „z’ in singular will add „zes’/ ‘es’ in plurals.
For example: Quiz _ Quizzes
Waltz _ Waltzzes / Waltzes
Buzz _ Buzzes
Rule: 3
The nouns ending with „us’ in singular will change as „i‟ in plurals.
For example: Radius _ Radii
Abacus _ Abaci
Genius _ Genii
Rule: 4
The nouns ending with „um’, ‘on’ in singular will change as „a’ in plurals.
For example: Medium _ Media
Datum _ Data
Bacterium _ Bacteria
Automaton _ Automata
Criterion _ Criteria
Rule: 5
The nouns ending with „f’ / ‘fe’ in singular will change as „ves’ in plurals.
For example: Calf _ Calves
Self _ Selves
Half _ Halves
Rule: 6
The nouns ending with ‘is’ in singular will change as ‘es’ in plurals.
For example: Axis _ Axes
Thesis _ Theses
Oasis _ Oases
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Rule: 7
The nouns ending with ‘a’ in singular will change as ‘ae’ in plurals.
For example: Larva _ Larvae
Alga _ Algae
Alumna _ Alumnae
Rule: 8
The nouns ending with ‘ex’ in singular will change as ‘ices’ in plurals.
For example: Vortex _ Vortices
Vertex _ Vertices
Rule: 9
The nouns ending with ‘y’ (proceeded by a vowels like a, e, i, o, u) in singular, add„s‟in
plurals.
For example: Boys _ Boys
Essay _ Essays
Play _ Plays
Rule: 10
The nouns ending with ‘y’ (proceeded by a consonant) in singular, add ‘ies’ in plurals.
For example: Story _ Stories
Fly _ Flies
Party _ Parties
Rule: 11
Some nouns are the same in both forms.
For example: fish, sheep, deer, trout, advice, aircraft, gold, jewelry, kin, moose, wheat,
luggage, trousers, scissors, corn, shorts, pants, mathematics, cattle, species, news,
oats, headquarters, staff, eyeglasses and so on.
Rule: 12
In a singular compound nouns, the plural ending is usually added to the main noun.
For example: Daughter-in-law _ Daughters-in –law
Son-in-law _ Sons-in-law
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Stepsister _ Stepsisters
Lady-in-waiting _ Ladies-in-waiting
Court-martial _ Courts-martial
Rule: 13
In some nouns, the singular and plurals letters will be change completely.
For example: Person _ People
Ox _ Oxen
Goose _ Geese
Man _ Men
Child _ Children
Foot _ Feet
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Dual Role
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Draw the figure and shade it. Write a plural form to that word:
For example: Owl – Owls
(Knife, leaf, tooth, fungus, man, mouse, louse, sheep, jeans, boat)
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18
Parts of speech There are eight forms of words in the English language, typically called the parts
of speech. They are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, preposition,
conjunctions, and interjections.
Nouns
A noun is a noun that name a person, a thing or a place.
For example:
She is Riya. Here Riya is a noun.
Noun is divided into 7 types, they are:
I. Proper noun:
A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing.
In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.
For example:
Mahatma Gandhi is the father of our nation.
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Dual Role
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II. Common noun:
A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general.
For example: I like to ride in a ship.
III. Collective noun:
Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things.
Some examples are:
A bouquet of flowers
A bunch of flowers
A fleet of ships
A forest of trees
A galaxy of stars
A pack of cards
A pack of lies
A pair of shoes
A range of mountains
A wad of notes
An army of ants
A flock of sheep
A herd of deer
A hive of bees
A litter of puppies
A murder of crows
A pack of hounds
A pack of wolves
A school of fish
A swarm of locusts
A team of horses
A pride of lions
A band of musicians
A board of directors
A choir of singers
A class of students
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A crowd of people
A gang of thieves
A pack of thieves
A panel of experts
A team of players
A troupe of dancers
A flock of birds
IV. Abstract noun: An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, things that cannot be
seen or touched and things which have no physical reality. This noun can only
be seen, can‟t be touched.
For example:
I love Jesus forever.
Some more example like trust, friendship, truth, happiness, comfort, beauty,
joy, pleasure, honesty, generous, curiosity and so on.
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V. Concrete noun:
The things that can be touched or seen.
For example: buildings, bus, car and so on.
A tree without the leaves. In this sentence „tree, leaves‟ are concrete noun.
VI. Material noun:
Material Noun are names of materials or substances out of which things are
made.
For example:
This chair made out of wooden.
Some examples for material noun are gold, silver, metals, iron bar, wood, food
items and so on.
VII.Countable nouns:
A countable nouns can be counted with numbers. Countable nouns take both
singular and plural form. This nouns use the interrogative expression „how
many‟.
For example: onion – onions, coin – coins, story – stories, table –tables
and so on.
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VIII.Uncountable nouns:
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted with numbers. It takes the singular
form. This nouns use the interrogative expression „how much‟.
For example: milk, water, coffee, tea, cheese and so on.
IX.Compound nouns: The two or more nouns combine to form a single noun, such a noun is called a
compound noun.
For example:
He is Five-years-old.
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