sample copy. not for distribution. - evincepub.com · 5 about the author kavitha priya completed...

Sample Copy. Not For Distribution.

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Kavitha Priya


Kavitha Priya

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Evincepub Publishing Parijat Extension, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495001

First Published by Evincepub Publishing 2018

Copyright © Kavitha Priya 2018

All Rights Reserved.

ISBN: 978-81-933783-6-6

Price: Rs.320/-

This book has been published with all reasonable efforts taken to

make the material error-free after the consent of the author. No part

of this book shall be used, reproduced in any manner whatsoever

without written permission from the author, except in the case of

brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. The

Author of this book is solely responsible and liable for its content

including but not limited to the views, representations,

descriptions, statements, information, opinions and references

[“Content”]. The Content of this book shall not constitute or be

construed or deemed to reflect the opinion or expression of the

Publisher or Editor. Neither the Publisher nor Editor endorse or

approve the Content of this book or guarantee the reliability,

accuracy or completeness of the Content published herein and do

not make any representations or warranties of any kind, express or

implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of

merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose. The Publisher and

Editor shall not be liable whatsoever for any errors, omissions,

whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident,

or any other cause or claims for loss or damages of any kind,

including without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or

damage arising out of use, inability to use, or about the reliability,

accuracy or sufficiency of the information contained in this book.


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Dual Role

Learn English Grammar with

Pencil Art

By

Kavitha Priya


Kavitha Priya

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About The Author

Kavitha Priya completed M.A.,M.Phil in English at Bishop Heber College, Trichy. She

considers God as her strength of her life. Her positive notes are highly spiritual, self-

motivated and self- confident and bold. She is very much interested in English Language

Teaching. She has Undergone project related to ELT namely Role of singing in

strengthening pronunciation and Activity based learning and play way method in the

class room management: Measuring student Engagement and Learning in M.A. and

M.Phil. She is hoping to do more new projects on ELT. She firmly states that google

could never be powerful than a perfect teacher even if it provides ample knowledgeable

sources. Teaching is her ultimate passion. Writing a book is not the big deal, but it has to

carry the intention of sharing new methods of learning and information to others.

Grammar is the base for speaking any language fluently. Nowadays, art becomes out of

fashion, so Kavitha has combined both English grammar with Pencil art. This book

comprises a simple definition, easy rules and less exercise. The important grammar rules

set apart for easy references. This book helps us for the better usage of grammar in

speaking and writing. This book will remain an edifice for all ages.


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About The Book

Learning grammar is base for learning any language effectively. This book gives

confident to speak in English without a grammatical error. “Learning Grammar helps to

reach oneself into next step i.e. speaking fluently”. This book made into simple definition

and rules to be followed and it is easier to understand. The book helps both for the

children and for the adults. This book comprises a less exercises because the student and

the teacher should not completely depend on the book exercises rather they must train by

their own and by giving new interactive exercises in the class, so that the classroom

become lively. The pencil art is added to make the student entertain and get their

attention and this makes them interesting too. This book helps the reader to learn English

grammar and fun with Pencil art too.


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Content Table

S.N. Contents Page No.

1. Phonetics & alphabets 9

2. Plurals 11

3. Parts of speech 18

4. Articles 43

5. Sentence pattern 49

6. Kinds of sentences 51

7. Prefix & suffix 55

8. Syllabification 57

9. Compound words 61

10. Question tag 64

11. Infinitive & Gerund 67

12. Degree of Comparison 71

13. Tenses 75

14. Voice 94

15. Reported Speech 97

16. Transformation of Sentences 103

17. Phrasal verbs 106

18. Idioms 111

19. Basic English usage 114

20. Quotes 124


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Phonetics


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Alphabets


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PLURALS Before learning Plurals, one must know the difference between Singular and Plural.

All nouns that represent single or one thing are called singular.

All nouns that represent two or more things are called plurals.

f.g. 1 f.g. 2

For example: f.g. 1 is ROSE singular

f.g. 2 is ROSES plurals

Let us look out some of the rule to be follow for making singular into plurals:

Rule: 1

The nouns ending with „x’, ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘s, ‘o’,in singular will add „es’ in plurals.

For example: Arch – Arches

Bench – Benches

Pox _ Poxes

Ash _ Ashes

Atlas _ Atlases

Zero _ Zeroes

Echo _ Echoes


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Rule: 2

The nouns ending with „z’ in singular will add „zes’/ ‘es’ in plurals.

For example: Quiz _ Quizzes

Waltz _ Waltzzes / Waltzes

Buzz _ Buzzes

Rule: 3

The nouns ending with „us’ in singular will change as „i‟ in plurals.

For example: Radius _ Radii

Abacus _ Abaci

Genius _ Genii

Rule: 4

The nouns ending with „um’, ‘on’ in singular will change as „a’ in plurals.

For example: Medium _ Media

Datum _ Data

Bacterium _ Bacteria

Automaton _ Automata

Criterion _ Criteria

Rule: 5

The nouns ending with „f’ / ‘fe’ in singular will change as „ves’ in plurals.

For example: Calf _ Calves

Self _ Selves

Half _ Halves

Rule: 6

The nouns ending with ‘is’ in singular will change as ‘es’ in plurals.

For example: Axis _ Axes

Thesis _ Theses

Oasis _ Oases


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Rule: 7

The nouns ending with ‘a’ in singular will change as ‘ae’ in plurals.

For example: Larva _ Larvae

Alga _ Algae

Alumna _ Alumnae

Rule: 8

The nouns ending with ‘ex’ in singular will change as ‘ices’ in plurals.

For example: Vortex _ Vortices

Vertex _ Vertices

Rule: 9

The nouns ending with ‘y’ (proceeded by a vowels like a, e, i, o, u) in singular, add„s‟in

plurals.

For example: Boys _ Boys

Essay _ Essays

Play _ Plays

Rule: 10

The nouns ending with ‘y’ (proceeded by a consonant) in singular, add ‘ies’ in plurals.

For example: Story _ Stories

Fly _ Flies

Party _ Parties

Rule: 11

Some nouns are the same in both forms.

For example: fish, sheep, deer, trout, advice, aircraft, gold, jewelry, kin, moose, wheat,

luggage, trousers, scissors, corn, shorts, pants, mathematics, cattle, species, news,

oats, headquarters, staff, eyeglasses and so on.

Rule: 12

In a singular compound nouns, the plural ending is usually added to the main noun.

For example: Daughter-in-law _ Daughters-in –law

Son-in-law _ Sons-in-law


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Stepsister _ Stepsisters

Lady-in-waiting _ Ladies-in-waiting

Court-martial _ Courts-martial

Rule: 13

In some nouns, the singular and plurals letters will be change completely.

For example: Person _ People

Ox _ Oxen

Goose _ Geese

Man _ Men

Child _ Children

Foot _ Feet


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Draw the figure and shade it. Write a plural form to that word:

For example: Owl – Owls

(Knife, leaf, tooth, fungus, man, mouse, louse, sheep, jeans, boat)


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Parts of speech There are eight forms of words in the English language, typically called the parts

of speech. They are nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, preposition,

conjunctions, and interjections.

Nouns

A noun is a noun that name a person, a thing or a place.

For example:

She is Riya. Here Riya is a noun.

Noun is divided into 7 types, they are:

I. Proper noun:

A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing.

In written English, proper nouns begin with capital letters.

For example:

Mahatma Gandhi is the father of our nation.


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II. Common noun:

A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general.

For example: I like to ride in a ship.

III. Collective noun:

Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things.

Some examples are:

A bouquet of flowers

A bunch of flowers

A fleet of ships

A forest of trees

A galaxy of stars

A pack of cards

A pack of lies

A pair of shoes

A range of mountains

A wad of notes

An army of ants

A flock of sheep

A herd of deer

A hive of bees

A litter of puppies

A murder of crows

A pack of hounds

A pack of wolves

A school of fish

A swarm of locusts

A team of horses

A pride of lions

A band of musicians

A board of directors

A choir of singers

A class of students


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A crowd of people

A gang of thieves

A pack of thieves

A panel of experts

A team of players

A troupe of dancers

A flock of birds

IV. Abstract noun: An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, things that cannot be

seen or touched and things which have no physical reality. This noun can only

be seen, can‟t be touched.

For example:

I love Jesus forever.

Some more example like trust, friendship, truth, happiness, comfort, beauty,

joy, pleasure, honesty, generous, curiosity and so on.


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V. Concrete noun:

The things that can be touched or seen.

For example: buildings, bus, car and so on.

A tree without the leaves. In this sentence „tree, leaves‟ are concrete noun.

VI. Material noun:

Material Noun are names of materials or substances out of which things are

made.

For example:

This chair made out of wooden.

Some examples for material noun are gold, silver, metals, iron bar, wood, food

items and so on.

VII.Countable nouns:

A countable nouns can be counted with numbers. Countable nouns take both

singular and plural form. This nouns use the interrogative expression „how

many‟.

For example: onion – onions, coin – coins, story – stories, table –tables

and so on.


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VIII.Uncountable nouns:

Uncountable nouns cannot be counted with numbers. It takes the singular

form. This nouns use the interrogative expression „how much‟.

For example: milk, water, coffee, tea, cheese and so on.

IX.Compound nouns: The two or more nouns combine to form a single noun, such a noun is called a

compound noun.

For example:

He is Five-years-old.


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