romanian prison system
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ROMANIAN PRISON SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
Romania
Area: 238 391 km²
Population: 22 million inhabitants
Capital City : Bucharest (1,9 million inhabitants)
Official language: Romanian
Religion: Orthodox (86,7% of population)
Currency: Leu (1 Leu = 0,23 Euro)
National Day: The 1st of December
Romanian Prison Staff Day: The 29th of June
SHORT HISTORY
• 1380 - There was the first entry about OCNA TROTUŞ - exploitation of salt as underground salt mines where labour was done by “ocnaşi” – usually those who were convicted of robbery, murders, etc. The technique was simple: the convict was lowered into the mine and he was released only when his sentence ends.
• 1788 – In Transylvania, under the Austro-Hungarian rule, the provisions of paragraph 61 of criminal procedure, promulgated by Emperor Joseph II, stated that: “every prison must be clean, dry, have enough air and light and be made so that slave’s (prisoner’s) health should not be put in jeopardy”.
• 1851 – Iaşi Prison Rules was drown up and contained the first provision of Romanian System of Law, which prohibits insulting and beating prisoners. By that time also, Anastase Panu, chief of the Ministry of Justice, draw Tg.Ocna Prison Rules.
SHORT HISTORY
• This opened the Modern Legislation Era in the field of custodial sentences by implementing “Auburian” detention regime and introducing the regulation concerning moral education of prisoners, which was to be done through religious education and the obligation for arrested to learn a job.
• 1969 - At the General Directorate of Penitentiaries, projects of two acts are developed and will later on become Law no. 23/1969 and its implementing Regulation; they were taking into account both Romanian experience preceding the 2nd World War and the recommendations of the Standard Minimum Rules for the Prisoners’ Treatment, adopted by the UN in 1955, with one exception - moral and religious support.
SHORT HISTORY
• Until the Revolution from 1989, the system had many conception limits, imposed by the official socialist ideology, as the demand that all the inmates should be given back to the society as useful persons, the compulsoriness that the rehabilitation programs to include a large number of political themes.
• 1990 - The breaking off from the communist past allowed the breaking off from the communist education model, with all its implications.
• The Law no.21/15.10.1990 meant a new challenge to the prison system. It passes from the Ministry of Interior to the Ministry of Justice, which was a milestone for the further development of the system.
SHORT HISTORY
• Prison reform began immediately after The General Directorate of Penitentiaries passed under the Ministry of justice and mainly concerned the humanization of detention regime.
• 2004 - On September, 28, Law no.293/2004 regarding the Statute of Civil Servants of the National Penitentiary Administration came into force, the legislative act which stipulated the demilitarization of the Prison Staff.
SHORT HISTORY
• 2006 - Law no.275/2006 regarding the execution of sentences and measures ordered by judicial authorities during the criminal trial was adopted. This provides a modern development of the activity concerning appliance of sentences and aligning Romanian prison system to European standards.
Em
erge
ncy
Situ
atio
ns
Man
agem
ent D
ivis
ion
Labo
ur P
rote
ctio
n D
ivis
ion
Per
sonn
el P
sych
olog
y D
ept
Med
ical
Dire
ctor
ate
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – CENTRAL APPARATUS
GENERAL DIRECTOR
Deputy GeneralD
irector
Sec
urity
of D
eten
tion
and
Pen
itent
iary
Reg
ime
Dire
ctor
ate
Eco
nom
ic a
nd A
dm D
epar
tmen
t
Litig
atio
n an
d E
labo
ratio
n of
N
orm
ativ
e A
cts
Dire
ctor
ate
Hum
an R
esou
rces
Man
agem
ent
Dire
ctor
ate
Soc
ial R
eint
egra
tion
Dire
ctor
ate
Info
rmat
ion
Tec
hnol
ogy
and
Com
mun
icat
ion
Dire
ctor
ate
Pre
vent
ion
of C
rime
and
Ter
roris
m
Dire
ctor
ate
Pen
itent
iary
Insp
ectio
n D
irect
orat
e
Deputy GeneralDirector
Deputy GeneralDirector
Cab
inet
and
Gen
eral
Reg
istr
y D
epar
tmen
t
Coo
pera
tion
and
Pro
gram
s D
epar
tmen
t
Cla
ssifi
ed In
form
atio
n D
epar
tmen
t
Pub
lic R
elat
ion
and
Med
ia O
ffice
Org
anis
atio
n-M
obili
satio
n D
ivis
ion
Social Reintegration DirectorateEconomic and
Administrative Department
Litigation and Elaboration of Normative Acts
Directorate
Human Resources Management DirectorateSecurity of Detention and
Penitentiary Regime Directorate
Information Technology and Communication
Directorate
Adv
isor
s D
ivis
ion
Medical DirectoratePersonnel Psychology Department
Labour Protection DivisionEmergency Situations Management DivisionCabinet and General Registry
Department Advisors DivisionPrevention of Crime and Terrorism
DirectorateOrganisation-Mobilisation DivisionClassified Information DepartmentPublic Relation and Media Office
Cooperation and Programs Department
Penitentiary Inspection Directorate
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE – SYSTEM UNITS
National Administration of Penitentiaries – Central ApparatusNational Administration of Penitentiaries – Central Apparatus
Detention Detention UnitsUnits
Training UnitsTraining UnitsThe Supply, The Supply, Husbandry and Husbandry and
Repair UnitRepair Unit
Guard and EscortGuard and Escort ofof Transfer Transfereded
Inmates Inmates Subunit Subunit
Prisons (32)Prisons (32)
Prisons for women (1)Prisons for women (1)
Prisons for minors and young people (2)Prisons for minors and young people (2)
Re-educational Centres for minors (3)Re-educational Centres for minors (3)
Hospital Prisons (6)Hospital Prisons (6)
Training Centre for Prison Training Centre for Prison Officers Officers (Arad)(Arad)
National Correctional Officers National Correctional Officers Training School Training School (Tîrgu Ocna)(Tîrgu Ocna)
PERSONNEL STRUCTURE
Personnel provided in - 15.434organizational chart
Employed personnel - 12.067
78%78% Appointed postsAppointed posts
78%
22%
Appointed Posts Job Vacancies
• Civil servants with special statute:
• Officers - 1.890
• Correctional officers - 9.626
• Contractual personnel - 551
Number of EmployeesNumber of Employees / / InmatesInmates ratio = 1 / 2,28ratio = 1 / 2,28
- 31 prisonsprisons
- 6 hospital prisonshospital prisons- 3 Re-education centresRe-education centres
- 1 prison for prison for womenwomen- Training unitsTraining units
- 3 prisons for minors and young peopleprisons for minors and young people
PERSONNEL STRUCTURE
OFFICERS
Penitentiary Quaestor
Penitentiary Chief comissioner
Penitentiary Comissioner
Penitentiary Sub-comissioner
Penitenciary Chief inspector
Penitentiary Inspector
Penitentiary Sub-inspector
PERSONNEL STRUCTURE
Correctional Officers
Penitentiary Main Chief Agent
Penitentiary Chief Agent
Penitentiary Deputy Chief Agent
Penitentiary Main Agent
Penitentiary Agent
INMATES STATISTICS
NNumber of inmatesumber of inmates in in3131 December December 20120122
114,44114,44%% occupancy indexoccupancy index
26.821
30.694
24.000
25.000
26.000
27.000
28.000
29.000
30.000
31.000
Provided beds Number of inmates
INMATES STATISTICS
3111
12550
7834
20321027
3359
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
Open Semi-open Closed Maximumsecurity
Quarantine Preventivecustody
Distribution of inmates according to prison regimesDistribution of inmates according to prison regimes31 December 201231 December 2012
INMATES STATISTICS
450
1649
10956
9979
7150
510
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14 - 18 18 - 21 22 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 60 Over 60
Distribution of inmates according to ageDistribution of inmates according to age31 December 201231 December 2012
INMATES STATISTICS
884
9460
2918
1490
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Under 1 year 1 - 5 years 5 - 15 years 15 - 20 years Life sentence
Distribution according to duration of custodial sentenceDistribution according to duration of custodial sentence31 December 201231 December 2012
Progressive decentralization of decision up to the regional level. Strategic Management Group.
Regional co-ordination prisons
Social ReinsertionThe individualization of the punishment execution regime and the particularized
approach of the psycho-social intervention is achieved by: Psycho-social intervention activities:
Psychological evaluations Social evaluation Psychological and social counseling Psychological and social assistance programs
Educational activities: School training
Professional training Educational programs Informative educational activities Sport activities Activities in community
Directorate for Social Reinsertion
The education activities reached a qualitative and quantitative development, placing the accent on the person and his rehabilitation potential. The main activities:
School training Professional training Informative educative activities Sport activities Activities in community Therapeutic activities Social assistance activities Psychological intervention activities
2594
2740
2981
2400
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
Prisoners included in the comparative education curricula for 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009
2006/2007
2007/2008
2008/2009
Schooling activity
2260
2806
2535
219154
131
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
B F
2006
2007
2008
Professional training activity
Participation in recreational sports activities
50769
43002
50599
38000
40000
42000
44000
46000
48000
50000
52000
2006
2007
2008
Activities carried on in the community
17641974
2427
1969
5899
5149
1411
19331681
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
M B F
2006
2007
2008
NATIONAL PRISON SYSTEM STRATEGY 2009-2013
VISION:
We will develop a safe public service for community based on prison staff members’ professionalism, integrity and loyalty, as well as on the observance of prisoners’ fundamental rights.
Social Rehabilitation Creating an organizational subunit designed to carry out analyses,
syntheses, studies and interpretation; Elaborating and implementing a unitary system of assessment and
intervention; Drawing up and promoting a national strategy aimed at prisoners’
social re-entry; Developing partnership with non-governmental organizations and
local communities, which will result in facilitating inmates’ social rehabilitation;
Creating a partnership between the Romanian prison service and the EU prison structures, facilitating the exchange of good practices and the development of a joint regulatory framework in the European penal system.
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