rfid fitness tracking system fall 2004.ppt

RFID Fitness Tracking Database System

Introduction

RFID technologyTags emit waves that are received by an

interfaceDatabase analyzes and organizes the

information receivedMedical research used to analyze the user’s

health

RFID Technology

Basics

Use of EM (radio) waves to send/receive signals between a transponder or RF tag and transceiver (with decoder)

Antennas exist in many shapes, can be built into doorways, tollbooths, etc. EMF can be constantly present or activated by sensor

Consist of IC built into tag that can be used to read and/or write

Passive RFID

Reflects/absorbs small amount of energy from reader’s signal to generate its own signal, ie., no battery

Reader must produce large amt. of power Small range (<3m)- only produces power within reader range, tag

can only transmit very weak signal No sensor capability- can only read/transfer sensor values when

within reader’s range Small amt. power means that it can only read/write small amt. of

data about 128 bytes

Lower cost, longer life than active RFID tags

Active RFID

Built in battery which generates continuous power Reader signal need not power tag which means a lower

required signal strength is required by the tag Tag can produce a strong signal which results in large

range (>100m) Can continuously monitor/record sensor input Can utilize date/time stamp for sensor events (important

for lap times) Large read/write data storage (128Kb) results in

sophisticated data processing ability

Frequency Characteristics

Range, cost, functionality is dependent on frequency of EM wave used Lower frequencies necessary for traveling around

obstructions and traveling shorter distances – slower reading speeds, low cost

Medium frequencies used for traveling medium distances, medium reading speeds

High frequencies can travel large distances and have fast reading speeds, but must have clear line of site and are expensive

Modern Uses of RFID

RFID is very versatile technology – its use is expected to grow exponentially in the next several years as prices decline

Basic categories a) transportation and logistics b) manufacturing and processing c) security

These categories are not definitive in any way. Other examples are a) postal tracking b) electronic monitoring of offenders at home c) sport time recording + many more

Race Timing Systems

RFID Race Timing SystemsLow Frequency Tags

134 kHz Ankle Band Attachment

Antenna MatsControl BoxPalm Pilot

HotSync Connection

Race Timing Systems

ChampionChip SystemLow Frequency Tags

134 kHz Shoelace Attachment

Antenna MatsControl BoxPC

RS 232 Cable

Conference Proceedings

Why RFID?

Accuracy = 99.9% Can be received if not facing reader Not dangerous Can be connected to pulse oximeter Does not require operator

Who uses RFID?

Healthcare Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Consumer packaged goods Retail

Why RFID is not widely used?

Systems from different vendors are not compatibleClosed-loop systems

CostSystems = $1,000+Tags = $0.25

Heart Rate

How to find max heart Rate

This is important because this information is used to find percent at which you are exercising.

Formula for males

210 - .5(your age) - 5%(your weight) + 4 = Formula for females

210 - .5(your age) – 1%(your Weight) =

There is five different zones as far as exercising your body goes. 50% to 60% of you max heart rate60% to 70% of you max heart rate70% to 80% of you max heart rate80% to 90% of your max heart rate 90% to 100% of your max heart rate

The different zones represent different levels that you are exercising at.

50% to 60% of max heart rate

This is the most comfortable zone; it can be achieved by walking at a steady pace.

This zone has many benefits such as strengthening your heart and improving muscle mass while reducing your body fat, cholesterol, blood pressure.

In this zone you get healthier but not more fit, it will not increase endurance or strength.

60% to 70% of max heart rate

This zone is reached by jogging slowly even though this is a relatively low level of effort.

At this zone the body increases the amount of fat released from the cells to your muscles.

This is called that fat burning zone because up to 85% of the total calories burned in this zone are fat calories. The other 15% are carbohydrates.

It develops basic endurance and aerobic capacity.

70% to 80% of max heart rate

This zone is reached by running easily. At this rate you improve your functional capacity.

Other positives include the number and size of your blood vessels actually increases. Also, your lung capacity, respiratory rate, and your heart increases in size and strength so you can exercise longer before becoming fatigued.

The body is still metabolizing fats and carbohydrates at a 50 to 50 ratio of percentage.

80% to 90% of max heart rate

This zone is reached by running at a fast pace. At this point you get faster and fitter; but you are changing from aerobic to anaerobic training.

The body shouldn’t be induced to this zone of heart rate for more than an hour. This is because after that amount of time of working out anaerobicly, your muscle can no longer function without oxygen.

Muscles protect themselves by not maintaining this intensity level.

90% to 100% of max heart rate

This is the equivalent of running all out; basically a sprint. This zone is basically for short amounts of time.

This zone can’t be maintained for long. If athletes try to stay in this zone the possibility of injuries is greatly increased.

Blood Pressure

Exercise lowers blood pressure significantly.

By lowering your blood pressure you can greatly reduce your chances of heart disease.

So our system will have a monitor of the person’s blood pressure also.

Weight & Exercise

Calories to Fat

When calorie intake > Calories needed for maintenance + calories needed for current activity excess calories = stored as fat

When burning more calories than are consumed= lose fat Causes fat to be broken down to supply

energy for the activity

Fat storage areas are dictated by heredity “If you exercise a particular part of the body,

muscle tissue under the fat will become firm and make the overall appearance of that region look better. However, such specific exercise will not reduce the quantity of fat within the area.”

~ Brian Mackenzie The fat used for the energy to perform the

exercise may come instead from other areas of the body.

Energy Usage

Energy Usage

Basic Terms Process of Energy Usage Energy and Exercise

Basic Terms

ATP the complex chemical formed from energy released from food that powers bodily functionsATP is stored in all cells, especially musclesBreakdown of ATP = ADP + energy

Phosphate-Creatine chemical stored in muscle, breaks down to help manufacture ATPADP + PC ATP

Lactic Acid metabolite of the lactic acid systemFormed from the incomplete breakdown of

glucoseExcessive lactate production contributes to

fatigueProtons released during lactate production

restrict further performance

If O2 is present then aerobic respiration occurs

ATP is produced aerobicallyATP synthesized from food, mainly proteins,

fats and carbohydrates (glycogen)Main energy source for endurance activities

Process of Energy Use

1. ATP is produced using glucose stored in the bloodstream.

2. Glycogen in muscles is also broken to produce ATP.

3. ATP is produced through the complete oxidation of carbohydrates and free fatty acids in the mitochondria.

Breakdown of glucose = Pyruvic Acid + ATPAerobic conditions pyruvic acid converts to

CO2, H2O, and ATP

Anaerobic conditions pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid

O2 + lactic acid pyruvic acid CO2, H2O, and ATP

Lactic Acid 1 hydrogen ion is formed for each Lactate

molecule formed during anaerobic respiration H+ ions make muscles acidic

Halts muscle function Slows down enzyme activity (& therefore the breakdown of

glucose) Aggravates nerve endings = pain Increases irritation of the central nervous system

(4) Lactic acid builds up in muscles when exercising = 85%-90% MHR

Exercise and Oxygen

Exercise = need for extra oxygen in muscles Blood vessels dilate in muscles Blood flow is increased to the muscles.

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) oxygen consumed after exercise stops that is excess of a pre-exercise baseline level low intensity, aerobic exercise half total EPOC = 30 seconds

after exercise has stopped Oxygen uptake returns to the pre-exercise level in several minutes

strenuous exercise EPOC may require 24 hours or more

Workout Intensity & Energy Sources High intensity workouts carbohydrates

limited amount of glycogen can be stored in muscles = sustainable only for short periods of time

Low intensity workouts fat large stores of fat = sustainable for long

periods of time