republicanism: 1754 – 1763: the seven years war...

American Revolution Vocabulary Republicanism:thebeliefthatgovernmentshouldbebasedontheconsentofthepeople,peopleexercisetheirpowerbyvotingforpoliticalrepresentationDemocracy:aformofgovernmentinwhichthesupremepowerisvestedinthepeopleandexerciseddirectlybythemorbytheirelectedagentsunderafreeelectoralsystemLoyalists:wantedcoloniestostayunderBritishrulePatriots:acolonistwhowantedtobreakfreefromBritain'sruleContinentalCongress:thegroupofpatriotswhomettotalkabouthowthecoloniesshoulddealwithEnglandTaxation:Thewayanationmakesmoneytopayforservices-usuallyonsales,trade,income,orservicesBoycott:refusaltobuygoods/servicestoshowdisapproval.ColonistsusedthismethodtoprotestunfairtaxesTreason:thecrimeofbetrayingone'scountryMilitia:agroupofvolunteersoldiersMinutemen:colonialsoldierswhoagreedtobereadytofighttheBritishataminute'snotice

Timeline of the American Revolutionary War

1754–1763:TheSevenYearsWar(BetweenFranceandEngland)

1763:Proclamationof1763–NOmorewestwardexpansion1765:SugarAct,StampAct,QuarteringAct

NEWtaxesforcolonists1768:TheBostonNon-ImportationAct

Preventedfreetrade1770:TheBostonMassacre1773:TheTeaActandBostonTeaParty1774:

TheIntolerableActsMoretaxesforthecolonists

FirstContinentalCongressDiscussedgrievancesagainstEngland

1775:LexingtonandConcord “Shotheardaroundtheworld”

SecondContinentalCongress BattleofBunkerHill1776:CommonSenseispublished

DeclarationofIndependence-July4thBattleofTrenton

1777:BattleofSaratogaWashingtonwintersinValleyForge

1778:FrenchAllianceisestablished1781:ArticlesofConfederationadopted

TheBritishsurrenderinYorktown,VA1783:TheBritsandAmericanssignpeace1787:Constitutionsigned1788:ConstitutionadoptedbytheStatesDirections: Placeastarnexttotheturningpointofthewar.Highlightonecause,andlabelitwithhowthateventcausedthewar.Answerthisquestionbelow.Whateventdoyoufindmostimportantandwhy?

Declaration of Independence

Directions: ReadtheinitialsentencesoftheDeclarationofIndependencebelowandMARKTHETEXT.YoushouldalsoUNDERLINEtheideasofenlightenmentthinkersandlabelwhoseideaitwas,orwheretheideacamefrom.

“WhenintheCourseofhumanevents,itbecomes

necessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbandswhich

haveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthe

powersoftheear,theseparateandequalstationtowhichthe

LawsofNatureandofNature’sGodentitlethem,adecentrespect

totheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethe

causeswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.

Weholdthesetruthsself-evident,thatallmenarecreated

equal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertain

unalienableRights,ThatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthe

pursuitofHappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,Governmentsare

institutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsent

ofthegoverned,-ThatwheneveranyFormofGovernment

becomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistheRightofthePeopleto

alterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutethenewGovernment,laying

itsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuch

form,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyand

Happiness.”

-DeclarationofIndependence

The Backstory 1651-1770 (before the AR)

In1651,theBritishParliamentpassedatradelawcalledthenavigationAct.ThisandsubsequenttradelawspreventedcolonistsfromsellingtheirmostvaluableproductstoanycountyexceptBritain.Inaddition,colonisthadtopayhightaxesonimportedFrenchandDutchgoods.Nonetheless,Britain’spoliciesbenefitedboththecoloniesandthemotherland.BritainboughtAmericanrawmaterialsforlowpricesandsoldmanufacturedgoodstothecolonists.AnddespitevariousBritishtraderestrictions,colonialmerchantsalsothrived.Suchaspiritofrelativeharmony,however,soonwouldchange. In1754,wareruptedontheNorthAmericancontinentbetweentheEnglishandtheFrench.Asyourecall,theFrenchhadalsocolonizedpartsofNorthAmericathroughoutthe1600sand1700s.TheconflictwasknownastheFrenchandIndianWar.(ThenamestemsfromthefactthattheFrenchenlistednumerousNativeAmericantribestofightontheirside.)Thefightinglasteduntil1763,whenBritainandhercolonistsemergedvictorious–andseizednearlyallFrenchlandinNorthAmerica. Thevictory,however,onlyledtogrowingtensionsbetweenBritainanditscolonists.Inordertofightthewar,GreatBritainhadrunupahugedebt.BecauseAmericancolonistsbenefitedfromBritani’svictory,Britainexpectedthecoloniststohelppaythecostsofthewar.In1765,ParliamentpassedtheStampAct.Accordingtothislaw,colonistshadtopayataxestohaveanofficialstampputonwills,deeds,newspapers,andotherprintedmaterial. Americancolonistswereoutraged.TheyhadneverpaidtaxesdirectlytotheBritishgovernmentbefore.Coloniallawyersarguedthatthestamptaxviolatedcolonists’naturalrights,andtheyaccusedthegovernmentof“taxationwithoutrepresentation.”InBritain,citizensconsentedtotaxesthroughtheirrepresentativesinParliament.Thus,theyarguedtheycouldnotbetaxed.

American Revolution Notes: Causes New Ideas & Restlessness:Newideasandrestlessnessfromthesenewideaswasadirectresultoftheworld’s“expansion”from1300-1700.Causes of the American Revolution: 1.TheEnlightenment:What:emphasison______________________and__________________________Effect:newpoliticalideasspreadthroughoutthecolonies–especiallythoseof_______________________________________________________2.FrenchandIndianWar(7yearsWar):What:______________________and______________________arguedovercolonialterritoryandexpansion.Effect:BitternessbetweentheBritishand______________________overmoneyandtaxes3.Proclamationof1763:What:KingGeorgeIIIpolicythat______________________couldnotmovetothenewterritoryinthe______________________.Effect:ColonistsMADathavingopportunitiesfor______________________takenaway4."Taxationwithoutrepresentation:”What:Effect:colonistswereoutragedandreadytodosomethingaboutit.Thisisconsideredthesparkofthereformation.

American Revolution Notes: Road to War

Approach of Conflict1. IntolerableActs:aseriesofactsthatupsetthecolonists2. BostonMassacre:1770AmobformedinBostoninprotestof

manyofGeorge'sacts.TheSoldiers-theretoprotecttheKing'smenshotatthecrowd–thisfueledtensionbetweenthecrownandthecolonists.

3. BostonTeaParty:1773AplannedprotesttodestroyteaputtogetherbytheSonsofLiberty,aPatriotgroup

Key Players In the War

American Revolution Notes: Major Events

1. LexingtonandConcordWhat:WeaponswerestoredinConcord.TheBritishwanttotaketheweaponsawayfromthecolonistssotheymarchtoConcord.OnwaytheMilitiainLexingtonstoppedtheBritishandshotsarefired.Effect:2. BattleofBunkerHillWhat:1stofficialbattle,theBritishwon.TheBritishfoundoutthatthewarwasgoingtobehardbecausethecolonistsweresodedicatedanddeterminedEffect:3. DeclarationofIndependenceJuly4,1776:A.PreambleTheunanimousDeclarationofthethirteenunitedStatesofAmerica,WhenintheCourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearth,theseparateandequalstationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.

B.NaturalRights:(ThemotivationforIndependence)-Allmencreatedequal-Allmenhavenaturalrights(life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness)-IfanypersontakestheseawaydeclareIndependence(rebel)C.AlistofGrievances(thingsthatEnglanddidthatthecolonistsdidnotlike)-mostcamefromtheintolerableactsD.ResolutionofindependenceEffect:4. BattleofTrentonWhat:WashingtonsailedacrosstheicyDelawareRivertoNewJerseyandmarchedtoTrentontodefeattheBritishonDecember26,1776Effect:

5. BattleofSaratoga:What:Effect:

AR Notes: End of War and Road to America Common Sense:Whywritethis?Whatideasfromtheenlightenmentdoesheshare?Treaty of Paris: 1.GreatBritainrecognizestheUnitedStates2.TheUSCanadianborderisestablished3.MississippiRiverbecomesthewesternborder4.GreatBritainhastowithdrawtroopsfromtheUnitedStatesEffects:TheAmericanRevolutionshowsothercountriesthatindependencecanbeachieved.CreatestheUSA

Confederation The Federalist Papers US Constitution Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights

TheFirstAmendmentisacombinationIncludingspeechandpressandfreereligionWecanassemble,complainandpetitionIn#2wegetourownmilitiaWecarrygunswithlittlesupervisionIn#3nosoldiersinourkitchenHowdoweknowIfwehavethefreedomtoshowAlittlesegmentofamoviewherethesocksaredowntoolow?Howcanwetell…Doweknowourfreedomssowell?YoumightbemorethanbrightInfactyoumightbeoutofsightIfyouknowyourBillofRightsAmendment4prohibitssearchesandseizuresWithoutawarrantandcomplexproceduresProtectmystuffexceptupunderthebleachersI’llpleadthe5thbutknowthatsomething’swrongIt’sdoublejeopardyandIdon’tbelongThegrandjurysaystheindictment’sstrongChorusAndnowthere’s6andaspeedytrialApublicdenialTheguiltshowninmyeyesI’llconfrontthewitnessesagainstmeYeah,theywon’tevenmissmeButatleastIwasadvised…Yeah,Iwasfreelyadvised…7isimportantwhileWegetajuryinaciviltrialIfit’samatterofa$20fileAmendment8saystheyjustcan’tbemeanUnusualandcrueljustcan’tbeseenExcessivebailmeansyougettokeepmoregreen9sayswegetabunchofrights…liketherighttostayawakeallnight10simplysaysthatthegovernmentislimitedtothepowerofasatellitelimitedtothepowerofasatellitelimitedtothepowerofasatelliteChorus

French Revolution Vocabulary

1. Coupd’état:Anoverthrowofagovernmentbyforce2. DeclarationoftheRightsofManandtheCitizen:French

documentofthecitizensdeclaringindependencefromKingLouisXVI

3. FirstEstate:Thesmallestclass;Clergy4. FrenchRevolution:Foughtfrom1783-1789forindependence5. KingLouisXVI:Triedandfoundguiltyoftreasonbythe

FrenchpeopleBeheadedattheguillotine6. MarieAntionette:WifeofKingLouisXVIBeheadedatthe

guillotine7. NationalAssembly:Membersofthethirdestate.Existedfor

lessthanamonth8. ReignofTerror:Periodoftimewhereover17,000French

citizenswerebeheadedfordisagreeingwiththenewFrenchgovernment

9. SecondEstate:SecondsmallestclassmadeupoftheNobilityDidnotpaytaxes

10. TennisCourtOath:TookplaceJune20,1789MembersofthethirdestatedecidedtoformanewNationalAssembly

11. ThirdEstate:LargestclassmadeupofpeasantsPaidheavytaxes

12. NapoleonBonaparte:AFrenchmilitaryandpoliticalleaderEmperoroftheFrenchfrom1804to1815.BestrememberedforhisroleinthewarsledagainstFrancebyaseriesofcoalitions,theNapoleonicWars.Hesoughttospreadrevolutionaryideals.HewasdefeatedattheBattleofWaterlooin1815

The French Revolution by Jeffery Lewis

ThekingofFrancewasan_______________________monarch.Thepeopleallweredestitute(poor).Theyearwas________________.Thechurchespaidnoincometax,neitherdidaristocrats(wealthynobles)andwars(AmericanRevolution)werecosting_____________________allthetime.

But__________________________________________ideashadenteredpeople’searslikeliberty,equalityandbrotherhood(fraternity).Peoplestarvingbrokeunderfeudalism’syokeknewnochurchor_______________________wasgoingtodothemanygood.

Therewassuchfinancialcrisisthatthekinghadtotakeadvicetotryanoldthingcalledthestatescenteredgovernment.Theestatesgeneralhad3votesthenobles,churchandthecommonfolks.2to1-thecommonsloseitalwayswent.Thecommonsinfrustrationsaid“werepresentthenation,thenoblesandthechurch(clergy)mustlosetheirprivileges.”

Therichwerescaredforrealwhenthey(thirdestate)stormedthe__________________________________(July14,1789)andrebellionsalsobrokeoutinvillages.AtthepalaceofVersaillesthekingandqueenwereheardtosighwhenthenationalassemblymadeabillof_______________.Thenthewomen’smarchembarrassedthemandchasedtheminto__________________________.Thechurchandnobleslosttheirpowerovernight.Argumentsgothotoverwhethertokeepthekingornot.Differentgroupssawdifferentwaystorunthecountrybest.

Butwhentheroyalfamilytriedtofleethecountryindisguisetheywerebustedandputunderhousearrest.AllofEurope’skingswereterrifiedtohearthesethingssoFrancewasthreatenedonallsidesbyenemies.WhentheseotherkingsdeclaredthekingFrancebesparedItmadethekingofFrancelookworsetotherevolutionaries.

Theyhadbuiltanewmachine-thequickandpainless_______________________________________________________.Theysaidit’sfairerthantheking’smedievaltorturerack.Theyputittoavoteandthendroppeditonhisthroatandeverykingacrosstheworldjusthadaheartattack.

TheyattackedfromNorthandSouthandtheyattackedfromEastandWest.RevolutionaryFrancewasinadesperatestate.Whentheradical__________________________waskilledpolitically-nowthatwasallittookforFrance’soutlooktodegenerate.

ThenewleaderRobespierresaid___________________________wereeverywhere.Forayeartheguillotinewasworkingendlessly(ReignofTerror).Thoughhefreedtheslaves-Robespierre’sheadcameofftoo.

NowFrancewasrunbythemoremoderatedirectory,butthe______________________________________________waslame.France’sonlygoodnewscamefromtheirarmiesoutinEuropewinningmoreandmore.ThemanwhomadethemwinwasGeneralNapoleonbutwhenhecamebackhomehemadehimselfthe____________________________.

Soitwasapainfultimetogetfrom______________________tomoderntimesbuttheFrenchRevolutionalwayspavedthewaybecausetheideasthatsparkedthefirsthavenevereverbeenreversedItwasthebiggestchangethatshapedout______________________________________worldtoday.ToviewthevideoathomegotoHistory.comandsearchthetitleofthisdocument.(JeffLewisFrenchRevolution)

The French Revolution Before the Revolution MarieAntoinetteandLouisXVIwerethe______________________________________________inFrance.TheylivedinthepalaceofVersailles.Theywereverywealthy.Threeclasssystem: 1stEstate:____________________________2ndEstate:____________________________(aristocrats)3rdEstate:____________________________Andofcoursetheking…anAbsoluteMonarchThethreeestatescouldbecalledtogethermakingagoverninggroupkindoflikeParliamentcalledthe________________________________________________.Causes of the Revolution 1.Bythe1770sFrancewasnolongerawealthycountrytheyweredeeplyindept.Francehadspentatonof________________________onwars(theAmericanRevolution).LouisXVItriedfinancialreformbeforethecountrybecameoverwhelmedbydebt.Thesereformsfailed.2.FrancehadalargepopulationbutNO________________for1stand2ndestate(ClergyandNobles).3.Enlightenmentideaschallengedivinerighttheory.4.Francealsoexperiencedayearwithpoorweatherandsufferedterrible_______________________.ThiscausedFrancetohaveamassive______________________________________.Thismadebreadtooexpensiveforthecommoncitizen.Spark: TaxeswereraisedtohelpwiththeNationaldebt

Events of the RevolutionLouisXVIcalledtogethertheEstate’sGeneral,whichissimilartoa_________________________________________________.The1stand2ndEstateshadalargersay.The3rdestateleftthemeeting(feelingsimilaritAmericans–taxationwithoutrepresentation)andformedthe________________________________________.TheymetonTennisCourtandvowedtowriteanewconstitutionforFrance–makingita____________________________________.(June1789)ThisConstitutionwasbasedonthese3principals:

1. Liberty-_____________________________2. Equality–_____________________________3. Fraternity-_____________________________

TheKingsenttroopstoParisbecauseofriotsduetothefoodshortages;thiscausedsomefightingtobreakoutinthecity._____________________________________________:July14,1789thepeopleofParisstormed(attacked)theBastille,whichwastheprisoninParis.ThisdayisseenasFrance’s_____________________________________________.AugustDecrees1789saidthatthe1stand2ndEstateslosttheirprivileges.Theynowwillpaytaxes.ItwasaFrenchversionofthe________________________________________________.DeclaredtherightsofeverydayFrenchcitizens.October1789:ParisianwomenwenttoVersaillesforcedtheroyalsbacktoParis.Theywanted_________________andwereangryatroyal______________________.

Events of the Revolution Continued1791:France’sLegislativeAssemblywritesanotherconstitutionthatfurther___________________themonarchy.France’s____________________flagisadopted.DrawandcolortheflagtotheRight.1792:France’srevolutionariesbecomemoreextremeandtheJacobinsbecomemorepowerful.Theyattempttocreatea_______________________.Theyalsowenttowarwith_________________–searchingforsourceoffoodandmoney.1793:LouisXVIandhiswifeMarieAntoinettewereexecutedvia__________________________________________________.TheywereexecutedasawaytoshowthatFrancewasunderanewgovernmentsystem.1793alsobegantheReignofTerrorunderRobespierre.Underhisrulethousandsofpeoplewerekilledinthenameof_________________________________–butinrealitytheywerejustpeoplewhospokeoutagainstthegovernment.TheTerrorendedwhenthe_____________________tookover,however,theywerecorruptandtheirgovernmentfailed.Therewasacoup‘detat(rebellion)andNapoleontookoverandwasdeclared___________________________________byparliamentin1799.EventuallyFrancebecamea________________________________________________________________. Effects of the French RevolutionNOTabout__________________________________butwasaboutfoodandeconomics:thismakesitdifferentthanmanyotherrevolutions.

OtherAbsoluteMonarchsbecame__________________________andthoughttheirpowercouldbethreatenedsotheygavesomeupwillingly.DespitetheFrenchRevolutionnotbeingaboutidealsEnlightenmentidealsstillshowedthrough–UNIVERSAL_______________________________:EVERYCITIZENSAMEFORALLPROTECTORPUNISHMENT.SocialContractisthemostimportantthingandagovernmentcannotexistwithoutthesupportofthepeople.Fun/interesting Facts! The____________________wasanewinventioncreatedbyaDoctorinFranceandquicklybecamepopularsinceitdidnotmatterwhatsocialclasstheywerefrom.Itwasinventedtostopexecutionsfrombeingconsidered____________________________________.ItwaslegalinFranceuntilthe1970sandwaslastusedin1977.Marat–Newspaper_____________________andrevolutionaryactivists.Hewasmurderedinthebathtub(hehadaskinconditionsohismedicinewassittinginanoatmealbathallthetime).Hewasseenasa_____________________________oftherevolution.Theyevenmadeapaintingofthemurderscene.ThispaintingcouldbeconsideredapieceofFrenchRevolutionPropaganda.

Crash Course: The French Revolution TherelicsoffeudalismRevolutioninFranceOh,thethreeestatesensurednoblesfavoritismRevolutioninFranceLalaLiberte,Egalite,Fraternite…Arevolution.LalaLiberte,Egalite,Fraternite…Arevolution.Don'twantnotaxes.I'mpayingtoomuch.LetthemeatcakeWehadabanquetforlunchIneedmybreadBread,bread,bread,OffwithherheadItwentfrom8sousto12inayearExactlywhatimpoverishedpeasantshadfearedTheroyalsjeered,hahahaThere'smoreforusThepeasantswon'tpayBadnutritionandtoothdecayLiberte:LibertyEgalite:EqualityFraternite:BrotherhoodItwentfromfaminetoNapoleon'swarYouandme,let'sstartarevolutionWewillnottakethispovertyanymoreYouandme,let'sstartarevolutionOnatenniscourtwesworeaconstitutionOnJuly14westormedtheBastille,WeshowedthemThemonthofAugust1789Nofeudalism,DeclarationofRightsAugustdecreesSweptawaythetwoestatesWomenofParismarchdowntoVersaillesTheFrenchkingtheydefiedYou'llgiveusbreadBread!Breadorwe'llstabyoudead!!

WithalimitedmonarchyItwasabadtimeforFranceWetookonAustria,awarinthespringEuropefrightenedbyourrevolutionWewillnottakeitLouisXVImustdieTensionheightenedbyourrevolutionRadicalpoliticalmobsunitetostartaRevolutioninFranceBreech-lesssans-culottesoftheParisCommunedemandedRevolutioninFranceWalk,walk,scaffold,babyGuillotinewasgoingcrazyTakeheadsofkingsandladiesEuropearmedfortheinvadingRobespierre,ReignofTerrorDiditforthePublicSafetyIwantyourloyaltyorI'llgetmyrevengeItakeyouout-TillyourrebellionendsDon'twantnochurch-Catholicism'sdeadNoroomforGod-WorshipreasoninsteadGoodol'NotreDamebecamea"templeofreason"RevolutionofFranceAnewcalendarwithmonthsfortimesandseasonsRevolutioninFranceTheTerrorendedandwithRobespierregoneWasthistheendingoftherevolution?FivemembersofthenewdirectoryruledCoulditbeapermanentsolution?DirectoryandlegislaturefilledwithcorruptionMonarchists&warscauseevenmoredisruptionRevolutioninFranceOo,oo,oolala…Coupd'etatOo,oo,oolala…Napoleon'shere

WhatisFeudalism?

WhatestatedrivestheRevolutioninFrance?

Whyweretherebreadriots?

WhatisaFamine?

Whatisalimitedmonarchy?

WhatisBastilleDay?

WhywouldthepeopleofFrancewantarevolution?

Whatisaguillotine?

DidlifegetbetterunderNapoleon?

Assignment:Pleasehighlight10eventsoftheFrenchRevolutionthatarementionedinthesong.Alsomake5notesinthemarginsafterourclassdiscussions.

Declaration Comparison Directions: AfterreadingboththeAmericanDeclarationofIndependenceandtheFrenchDeclarationoftheRightsofMan,fillIthisVennDiagramwithsimilaritiesanddifferencesthatyounoticed.Atleasttwoineachsection. America France

1. Whatisthepurposeofeachofthesedocuments?2. WhichaspectsoftheEnlightenmentarereflectedinthesetwo

documents?3. HowdoestheDeclarationoftheRightsofMandefineliberty?

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisdefinition?4.Usingthisdefinition,areAmericandeniedtheirlibertyinanysensetoday?