repetitive project planning
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Non-Uni t Based Plann ing and
Sc hedul ing of Repet i t i ve Const ruc t ionPro jec ts
Rong-yau Huang, Ph.D. Kuo-Shun Sun
Associate Professor Doctoral Candidate
Institute of Const. Eng. and Mgmt.
National Central University, Taiwan
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Out l ines
Introduction
The Non-Unit Based Repetitive Projects Research Objectives
Literature Reviews Development of the Non-unit Based
Scheduling Algorithm A Simple Case Study
Conclusions
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In t roduc t ion
One of the major goals of lean construction is
for waste reduction.
Repetitive construction projects are good
candidate for applying the lean construction
principles.
Almost all the repetitive scheduling methods
developed are based on the primitive that a
repetitive project is the construction of many
identical production units
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Int roduc t ion (c ont .) In practical, however, the production units in
many repetitive projects may not be identical.z In a piling project, the excavation depth and the
encountered soil conditions for each pile;
z In a pipeline-laying project, the number ofmanholes and the number of pipe sections, also
the durations for laying each pipez In a multi-housing project, the interior design for
each house could be different, and therefore the
required work load as well as the duration andcost will differ
Many repetitive projects contains, more or less,
portions of non-repetitive productions.
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Unit based repetitive
projects
Non-unit based
repetitive projects
A1-1
A1-2
A1-3
A1-4
A1-5
A1-6
A1-7
A1-8
A1-9
A2-1
A2-2
A2-3
A2-4
A2-5
A3-1
A3-2
A3-3
A3-4
A3-5
A3-6
A3-7
A3-8
A4-1
A4-2
A4-3
A4-4
A4-5
A4-6
A4-7
A5-1
A5-2
A5-3
A5-4
A5-5
A5-6
A5-7
A6-1
A6-2
A6-3
A6-4
A6-5
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A1-A2
A1-A3
A2-A4
A2-A
5
A3-A5
A4-A6
A5-A6
(a)Sequential of the activity group
(b)The physical logical relations between each activity
F1
B1
C1
D1
E1
Unit 1
Relation between Units
Legend
Unit 2
Relation between ActivitiesA1
F2
B2
C2
D2
E2
A2
Unit 3
F3
B3
C3
D3
E3
A3F
B
C
D
E
A
(a)Unit-Network (b)Repetitive project that combined by several units
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Charac t er is t ic s o f a Non-uni t
Based Repet i t ive Pro jec t The operations of activities in an activity group
are similar, but not the same. The work logical relationships are more
generalized.
There is no hard logic relationship betweenactivities in the same activity group.
Various working crews can be employed in eachactivity group.
Cost and time for routing the various resource
crews among production units are considered.
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Researc h Objec t ives
to comply with the logical relationship ofactivity groups in a repetitive project,
to allow for the usage of various resourcecrews in an activity group,
to maintain the continuity for resource
usage, and to consider the time and cost for change
over of various resource crews in job.
Develop a non-unit based schedulingalgorithm:
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L it e ra t u re Review s
Hegazy and Wassef (2001)
Harris and Ioannou (1998)
Harmelink and Rowings (1998)
El-Rays and Moselhi (1998)
Reda (1990)
Chrzanowski and Johnston
(1986)
Arditi and Albulak (1986)
Stradal and Cacha (1982)
Johnston (1981)
Selinger (1980)
OBrien (1975)
Carr and Meyer(1974)
Author (s)
(1)
Repetitivenonserial activity
scheduling
RSM
Linear scheduling
model
Resource-driven
scheduling
RPM
LSM
LOB
Time space
scheduling
LSM
Const. planning
VPM
LOB
Method
(2)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Unit-based
(3)
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Fixed work
sequence
(4)
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Non-typical
activity
(5)
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Assign multipleresource types in
a workgroup
(6)
N
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Suggested
Suggested
Y
Y
Y
Resource
continuity
(7)
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St eps o f A lgor i t hm
Identify Activity Groups as well as theirsequence relationships
Develop the Resource Chains
Place Resource Chains for Project Scheduling
z Calculate the baseline schedulez Calculate the earliest possible start time of each
activity
z Determine the earliest possible start time ofresource chain
z Calculate the project schedule of the resource
chain
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I l lus t ra t ion o f Resourc eChain Developm ent
R2-1
R2-2
A2-1
A2-2
A2-3
A2-4
ResourceGroup2
ActivityGroup2
1
2
3
4
Resource
Assignment
Activity
Ordering
ActivitysPriority
Decision
Variables
(a)Input Data and decision variables
(1)Resource Chain for R2-1
Move fromoutside to A2-1
Work at A2-1
Move fromA2-1 to A2-3
Work at A2-3
Move fromA2-3 to outside
(2)Resource Chain for R2-2
Move fromoutside to A2-2
Work at A2-2
Move fromA2-2 to A2-4
Work at A2-4
Move fromA2-4 to outside
Work Activit Move ActivityLegend:
(c)Detail formulations for Resource Chains
R2-1 R2-2
A2-3 A2-4
A2-1 A2-2
(b)Resource Chains
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Plac ing of Resourc e Chains
A1-1
A1-2
A1-3
A1-4
A1-5
(a)Precedence Resource Chain on Project Schedule
5 10 15 200 Time
Unit
In
1
2
3
4
5
Out
A1-1
A1-2
A1-3
A1-4
A1-5
A2-1
A2-2
A2-3
A2-4
Activity
Group :1
Activity
Group :2
(b)Activity Logic Relation
A2-1
A2-3
(d)R2-1 Resource Chain on Baseline Schedule
5 100
Unit
In
1
2
3
4
5
Out
2 4
5 8
9 13
14 18
19 22
23
Time
(c)Resource and priority assignment
R2-1
R2-2
A2-1
A2-2
A2-3
A2-4
Resource
Group :2
Activity
Group :2
Activity
priority
1
2
3
4
A1-1
A1-2
A1-3
A1-4
(f)Positioning Current Resource Chain into total Project Schedule
5 10 15 200 Time
Unit
In
1
2
3
4
5
Out
2 4
5 8
9 13
14 18
19
A2-1
A2-3
A1-5
22
23
2
5 9
10
17
21
26
27
Activity
Duration
Start time
Finish time
Baseline
schedule
Last finish time for
precedence activity
Calculate the possible start
time for the resource chain
Precedence activity
Total project
schedule
Start time
Finish time
In->
A2-1A2-1
A2-1->
A2-3A2-3
A2-3
->A2-4
2 2 1 4 1
0
2
2
4
4
5
5
9
9
10
A1-1,A1-4 A1-3,A1-5
Max(4,18)
=18
Max(18,22)
=22
18-2=1622-5=17
(Max)
19
25
19
19
21
21
22
22
26
26
27
(e)Calculation Table for positioning R2-1 Resource Chain from Baseline Schedule to total project schedule
Move activity
Work activity
Start Time Finish Time
Logic relationship
Controlling Logicrelationship
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
A2-4
A2-4
->OutA2-4
3
10
13
A1-4
18
18-10=8
27
30
2
13
15
30
32
17
13
15
27
A2-4
30
32
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A Sim ple Case St udy
A 1-1
A 1-2
A 1-3
A 1-4
A 1-5
A 2-1
A 2-2
A 2-3
A 2-4
A 3-1
A 3-2
A 3-3
A 3-4
A 3-5
Activity Group1 Activity Group2 Activity Group3
(a)Sequential of the activity group
(b)The physical logical relations between each activity
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Ac t iv i t y Groups Dat a
A3
A2
A1
Activity
group
5
4
5
No. of
Activity
2
1
-
Pre-group
1
2
1
Resource
Types Used
R3-1
R2-1? R2-2
R1-1
Resource
code
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Ac t i v i t y Da t a
A2-4A3-5-A1-5
A2-1? A2-2?
A2-3? A2-4A3-4A1-4? A1-5A2-4-A1-4
A2-3A3-3A1-3? A1-4A2-3-A1-3
A2-2A3-2A1-2? A1-4A2-2-A1-2
A2-1A3-1A1-1? A1-4A2-1-A1-1
Precedence
Activity
Activity
Group 3
Precedence
Activity
Activity
Group 2
Precedence
Activity
Activity
Group 1
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Durat ion Dat a For
Rout ing Resourc e (R1-1) To Activity
-> Out 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5
From
Activity
In - 1 1 1 1 1
1-1 1 2 1 1 1 1
1-2 1 1 2 1 1 1
1-3 1 1 1 2 1 1
1-4 1 1 1 1 2 1
1-5 1 1 1 1 1 2
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Test ing Sc enar ios
Scenario 1Only one resource type is used for
each work group. As a result, only R2-1 is usedfor activity group 2.
Scenario 2The operating priority of activity A1-
4 is moved to the highest, and that of activity A3-4to the lowest. The rest of input data is the same asthose in Scenario 1.
Scenario 3One more resource, R2-2, isemployed for the operation in activity group 2.The rest of input data is the same as those in
Scenario 2.
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Sc hedul ing Resul t s
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Conclus ions
Non-unit based scheduling provides a moregeneral form for planning and scheduling of
repetitive projects,z activities in an activity group are similar, but not
the same.
z no hard logic relationship between activities inthe same activity group.
z
working crews with same or differentconstruction methods can be employed in eachactivity group.
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Conc lus ions (c ont .)
Cost and time for routing the various
resource crews among activities areconsidered in the developed algorithm.
The non-unit based algorithm represents
more closely the real word practices of
repetitive projects
Method for optimization of the non-unitbased scheduling can be further developed in
the future
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References Arditi, David, and Albulak, M. Zeki, Line-of-balance scheduling of pavement construction, J.
of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 112(3) (1986) 411-424.
Carr, Robert I., and Mayer, Walter L. (1974). "Planning construction of repetitive buildingunits," ASCE,J. of the Construction Division, l00(CO3) 403-412.
Chrzanowski, Edmund N., and Johnston, David W. (1986). "Application of linear scheduling,
" ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt.
, 112(4) 476- 491. El-Rayes, Khaled, and Moselhi, Samma (1998). "Resource-driven scheduling of repetitiveactivities, " Construction Management and Economics, 16 433-446.
Hamelink, David J., and Rowings, James E. (1998). "Linear scheduling model developmentof controlling activity path," ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., 124(4) 263-268.
Harris, Robert B., and Ioannou, Photios G. (1998). "Scheduling projects with repeating
activities," ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg . and Mgmt., 124(4) 269-278. Hegazy, Tarek, and Wassef, Nagib(2001), Cost optimization in projects with repetitive
nonserial activities, J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 127(3), 183-191.
Johnston, David W. (1981). "Linear scheduling method for highway construction," ASCE,J.of the Construction Division, 107(CO2) 247-261.
OBrien James J. (1975). "VPM Scheduling for high-rise buildings," ASCE, J. of theConstruction Division, 101(CO4) 895-905.
Reda, Rehab M. (1990). "RPM: repetitive project modeling," ASCE, J. of Constr. Engrg.And Mgmt., 116(2) 316-330.
Selinger, Shlomo (1980). "Construction planning for linear projects," ASCE,J. of theConstruction Division, 106(CO2) 195-205.
Stradal, Oldrich, and Cacha, Jisef (1982). "Time space scheduling method," ASCE, J. of theConstruction Division, 108(CO3) 269-278.
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