repetitive project planning

7/30/2019 repetitive project planning

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Non-Uni t Based Plann ing and

Sc hedul ing of Repet i t i ve Const ruc t ionPro jec ts

Rong-yau Huang, Ph.D. Kuo-Shun Sun

Associate Professor Doctoral Candidate

Institute of Const. Eng. and Mgmt.

National Central University, Taiwan


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Out l ines

Introduction

The Non-Unit Based Repetitive Projects Research Objectives

Literature Reviews Development of the Non-unit Based

Scheduling Algorithm A Simple Case Study

Conclusions


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In t roduc t ion

One of the major goals of lean construction is

for waste reduction.

Repetitive construction projects are good

candidate for applying the lean construction

principles.

Almost all the repetitive scheduling methods

developed are based on the primitive that a

repetitive project is the construction of many

identical production units


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Int roduc t ion (c ont .) In practical, however, the production units in

many repetitive projects may not be identical.z In a piling project, the excavation depth and the

encountered soil conditions for each pile;

z In a pipeline-laying project, the number ofmanholes and the number of pipe sections, also

the durations for laying each pipez In a multi-housing project, the interior design for

each house could be different, and therefore the

required work load as well as the duration andcost will differ

Many repetitive projects contains, more or less,

portions of non-repetitive productions.


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Unit based repetitive

projects

Non-unit based

repetitive projects

A1-1

A1-2

A1-3

A1-4

A1-5

A1-6

A1-7

A1-8

A1-9

A2-1

A2-2

A2-3

A2-4

A2-5

A3-1

A3-2

A3-3

A3-4

A3-5

A3-6

A3-7

A3-8

A4-1

A4-2

A4-3

A4-4

A4-5

A4-6

A4-7

A5-1

A5-2

A5-3

A5-4

A5-5

A5-6

A5-7

A6-1

A6-2

A6-3

A6-4

A6-5

A1

A2

A3

A4

A5

A6

A1-A2

A1-A3

A2-A4

A2-A

5

A3-A5

A4-A6

A5-A6

(a)Sequential of the activity group

(b)The physical logical relations between each activity

F1

B1

C1

D1

E1

Unit 1

Relation between Units

Legend

Unit 2

Relation between ActivitiesA1

F2

B2

C2

D2

E2

A2

Unit 3

F3

B3

C3

D3

E3

A3F

B

C

D

E

A

(a)Unit-Network (b)Repetitive project that combined by several units


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Charac t er is t ic s o f a Non-uni t

Based Repet i t ive Pro jec t The operations of activities in an activity group

are similar, but not the same. The work logical relationships are more

generalized.

There is no hard logic relationship betweenactivities in the same activity group.

Various working crews can be employed in eachactivity group.

Cost and time for routing the various resource

crews among production units are considered.


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Researc h Objec t ives

to comply with the logical relationship ofactivity groups in a repetitive project,

to allow for the usage of various resourcecrews in an activity group,

to maintain the continuity for resource

usage, and to consider the time and cost for change

over of various resource crews in job.

Develop a non-unit based schedulingalgorithm:


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L it e ra t u re Review s

Hegazy and Wassef (2001)

Harris and Ioannou (1998)

Harmelink and Rowings (1998)

El-Rays and Moselhi (1998)

Reda (1990)

Chrzanowski and Johnston

(1986)

Arditi and Albulak (1986)

Stradal and Cacha (1982)

Johnston (1981)

Selinger (1980)

OBrien (1975)

Carr and Meyer(1974)

Author (s)

(1)

Repetitivenonserial activity

scheduling

RSM

Linear scheduling

model

Resource-driven

scheduling

RPM

LSM

LOB

Time space

scheduling

LSM

Const. planning

VPM

LOB

Method

(2)

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Unit-based

(3)

Y

Y

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Fixed work

sequence

(4)

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

N

N

Non-typical

activity

(5)

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

N

Assign multipleresource types in

a workgroup

(6)

N

N

Y

N

Y

Y

Y

Suggested

Suggested

Y

Y

Y

Resource

continuity

(7)


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St eps o f A lgor i t hm

Identify Activity Groups as well as theirsequence relationships

Develop the Resource Chains

Place Resource Chains for Project Scheduling

z Calculate the baseline schedulez Calculate the earliest possible start time of each

activity

z Determine the earliest possible start time ofresource chain

z Calculate the project schedule of the resource

chain


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I l lus t ra t ion o f Resourc eChain Developm ent

R2-1

R2-2

A2-1

A2-2

A2-3

A2-4

ResourceGroup2

ActivityGroup2

1

2

3

4

Resource

Assignment

Activity

Ordering

ActivitysPriority

Decision

Variables

(a)Input Data and decision variables

(1)Resource Chain for R2-1

Move fromoutside to A2-1

Work at A2-1

Move fromA2-1 to A2-3

Work at A2-3

Move fromA2-3 to outside

(2)Resource Chain for R2-2

Move fromoutside to A2-2

Work at A2-2

Move fromA2-2 to A2-4

Work at A2-4

Move fromA2-4 to outside

Work Activit Move ActivityLegend:

(c)Detail formulations for Resource Chains

R2-1 R2-2

A2-3 A2-4

A2-1 A2-2

(b)Resource Chains


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Plac ing of Resourc e Chains

A1-1

A1-2

A1-3

A1-4

A1-5

(a)Precedence Resource Chain on Project Schedule

5 10 15 200 Time

Unit

In

1

2

3

4

5

Out

A1-1

A1-2

A1-3

A1-4

A1-5

A2-1

A2-2

A2-3

A2-4

Activity

Group :1

Activity

Group :2

(b)Activity Logic Relation

A2-1

A2-3

(d)R2-1 Resource Chain on Baseline Schedule

5 100

Unit

In

1

2

3

4

5

Out

2 4

5 8

9 13

14 18

19 22

23

Time

(c)Resource and priority assignment

R2-1

R2-2

A2-1

A2-2

A2-3

A2-4

Resource

Group :2

Activity

Group :2

Activity

priority

1

2

3

4

A1-1

A1-2

A1-3

A1-4

(f)Positioning Current Resource Chain into total Project Schedule

5 10 15 200 Time

Unit

In

1

2

3

4

5

Out

2 4

5 8

9 13

14 18

19

A2-1

A2-3

A1-5

22

23

2

5 9

10

17

21

26

27

Activity

Duration

Start time

Finish time

Baseline

schedule

Last finish time for

precedence activity

Calculate the possible start

time for the resource chain

Precedence activity

Total project

schedule

Start time

Finish time

In->

A2-1A2-1

A2-1->

A2-3A2-3

A2-3

->A2-4

2 2 1 4 1

0

2

2

4

4

5

5

9

9

10

A1-1,A1-4 A1-3,A1-5

Max(4,18)

=18

Max(18,22)

=22

18-2=1622-5=17

(Max)

19

25

19

19

21

21

22

22

26

26

27

(e)Calculation Table for positioning R2-1 Resource Chain from Baseline Schedule to total project schedule

Move activity

Work activity

Start Time Finish Time

Logic relationship

Controlling Logicrelationship

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

A2-4

A2-4

->OutA2-4

3

10

13

A1-4

18

18-10=8

27

30

2

13

15

30

32

17

13

15

27

A2-4

30

32


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A Sim ple Case St udy

A 1-1

A 1-2

A 1-3

A 1-4

A 1-5

A 2-1

A 2-2

A 2-3

A 2-4

A 3-1

A 3-2

A 3-3

A 3-4

A 3-5

Activity Group1 Activity Group2 Activity Group3

(a)Sequential of the activity group

(b)The physical logical relations between each activity


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Ac t iv i t y Groups Dat a

A3

A2

A1

Activity

group

5

4

5

No. of

Activity

2

1

-

Pre-group

1

2

1

Resource

Types Used

R3-1

R2-1? R2-2

R1-1

Resource

code


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Ac t i v i t y Da t a

A2-4A3-5-A1-5

A2-1? A2-2?

A2-3? A2-4A3-4A1-4? A1-5A2-4-A1-4

A2-3A3-3A1-3? A1-4A2-3-A1-3

A2-2A3-2A1-2? A1-4A2-2-A1-2

A2-1A3-1A1-1? A1-4A2-1-A1-1

Precedence

Activity

Activity

Group 3

Precedence

Activity

Activity

Group 2

Precedence

Activity

Activity

Group 1


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Durat ion Dat a For

Rout ing Resourc e (R1-1) To Activity

-> Out 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5

From

Activity

In - 1 1 1 1 1

1-1 1 2 1 1 1 1

1-2 1 1 2 1 1 1

1-3 1 1 1 2 1 1

1-4 1 1 1 1 2 1

1-5 1 1 1 1 1 2


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Test ing Sc enar ios

Scenario 1Only one resource type is used for

each work group. As a result, only R2-1 is usedfor activity group 2.

Scenario 2The operating priority of activity A1-

4 is moved to the highest, and that of activity A3-4to the lowest. The rest of input data is the same asthose in Scenario 1.

Scenario 3One more resource, R2-2, isemployed for the operation in activity group 2.The rest of input data is the same as those in

Scenario 2.


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Sc hedul ing Resul t s


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Conclus ions

Non-unit based scheduling provides a moregeneral form for planning and scheduling of

repetitive projects,z activities in an activity group are similar, but not

the same.

z no hard logic relationship between activities inthe same activity group.

z

working crews with same or differentconstruction methods can be employed in eachactivity group.


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Conc lus ions (c ont .)

Cost and time for routing the various

resource crews among activities areconsidered in the developed algorithm.

The non-unit based algorithm represents

more closely the real word practices of

repetitive projects

Method for optimization of the non-unitbased scheduling can be further developed in

the future


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References Arditi, David, and Albulak, M. Zeki, Line-of-balance scheduling of pavement construction, J.

of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 112(3) (1986) 411-424.

Carr, Robert I., and Mayer, Walter L. (1974). "Planning construction of repetitive buildingunits," ASCE,J. of the Construction Division, l00(CO3) 403-412.

Chrzanowski, Edmund N., and Johnston, David W. (1986). "Application of linear scheduling,

" ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt.

, 112(4) 476- 491. El-Rayes, Khaled, and Moselhi, Samma (1998). "Resource-driven scheduling of repetitiveactivities, " Construction Management and Economics, 16 433-446.

Hamelink, David J., and Rowings, James E. (1998). "Linear scheduling model developmentof controlling activity path," ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., 124(4) 263-268.

Harris, Robert B., and Ioannou, Photios G. (1998). "Scheduling projects with repeating

activities," ASCE,J. of Constr. Engrg . and Mgmt., 124(4) 269-278. Hegazy, Tarek, and Wassef, Nagib(2001), Cost optimization in projects with repetitive

nonserial activities, J. of Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt., ASCE, 127(3), 183-191.

Johnston, David W. (1981). "Linear scheduling method for highway construction," ASCE,J.of the Construction Division, 107(CO2) 247-261.

OBrien James J. (1975). "VPM Scheduling for high-rise buildings," ASCE, J. of theConstruction Division, 101(CO4) 895-905.

Reda, Rehab M. (1990). "RPM: repetitive project modeling," ASCE, J. of Constr. Engrg.And Mgmt., 116(2) 316-330.

Selinger, Shlomo (1980). "Construction planning for linear projects," ASCE,J. of theConstruction Division, 106(CO2) 195-205.

Stradal, Oldrich, and Cacha, Jisef (1982). "Time space scheduling method," ASCE, J. of theConstruction Division, 108(CO3) 269-278.


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