renaissance architecture in spain

Prepared by:

ARCHT. JEYCARTER A. TILOY, UAP

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

The Early Period (1492- 1556). Plateresquenotable for the grafting of Renaissance details on to Gothic f0rms and was influenced by the exuberant fancy of Moorish art. Thus there had been produced by this time a style as rich and poetic as any in Europe, commonly

known as the 'Plateresque' (plateria =- silverwork)

Classical Period ( 1556-1690).marked by a closer adherence to Italian Renaissance art.

PLATERESQUE- a phase of the Early period of Spanisharchitecture of the later 15th and early 16th century, an intricate style named after its likeness tosilver work.

Baroque Period (1650-1750) Churrigueresque

characterized by a reaction from the correct and frigid formalism observed by Herrera and his followers. There was no single version to which all designers of the day adhered. Classical rules was disregarded. The earlier Baroque show some relationship to central Italy and a fantastically extravagant expression, the 'churrigueresque' developed in the late seventh century and continued to mid-eighteenth; due to a family of architects led by Jose de Churriguera (1650-1723).

The ANTIQUARIAN PERIOD (1750-1830) architecture turned more and more towards ancient classical models at this time

CHURRIGUERESQUE - an expression of Spanish Baroque architecture and sculpture associated with the churriguera family of artists and architects, but not inharmonious,decorative exuberance. In architecture a recurrent feature was the richly garlanded spiral column.

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SPAIN & PORTUGAL

EARLY PERIOD (1492 to 1556 AD)

• Grafting Renaissance details unto Gothic forms

In Spain:

• Plateresque, rich and poetic style, so named for its

similarity to silversmiths' work – plateria

• Influenced by Moorish art - extremely florid and

decorative, from the minuteness of detail

in Portugal:

• Manueline Style (from King Manuel I, 1495 to 1521 AD)

• Decorative rather than structural in character, inspired by

the voyages of discoverers

CLASSICAL PERIOD (1556 to 1690 AD)

• Close adherence to Italian Renaissance art

BAROQUE PERIOD (1650 to 1750 AD)

• Classical rules disregarded

• Churrigueresque, fantastically extravagant expression,

by Jose de Churriguera, (1650 to 1723 AD)

ANTIQUARIAN PERIOD (1750 to 1830 AD)

• Returned to ancient classical models

The Escorial, Madrid

• Austere group of buildings, composed of the monastery,

college, church and palace with state apartments

The University, Salamanca

• The facade is a Plateresque design masterpiece

• Admirable craftsmanship

Renaissance

PRE-HISTORIC

NEAR EAST

EGYPTIAN

GREEK

ROMAN

EARLY CHRISTIAN

BYZANTINE

ROMANESQUE

GOTHIC

RENAISSANCE

18TH-19TH C REVIVAL

20TH C MODERN

ISLAMIC

INDIAN

CHINESE & JAPANESE

FILIPINO

Takes its name from the curious treatment of its facade, which is covered with carvedScallop Shells. The windows are few in number; the small lower ones are guardedwith grilles of elaborate mo~ishironwork, while the upper ones have carvedpanels in lieu of balconies and are enriched with heraldic carvinas.

Is a masterpiece of Plateresquedesign of admirable craftsmanship and embodying,within a Gothic frame, a number of ltalianate motifs such as amorini, panelledpilasters infilled with arabesques, portrait roundels and candelabria as well as thearms of Ferdinand and Isabella and of Charles V, all embedded in a wealth of surfaceornament of Moorish inspiration.

A castle of mixed moorish and Gothic character, was remodelled by Alonso. De Covarrubias, the well designed patio had superimposed corinthian columns in light arcades of the Early Italian type, the arches standing upon the column caps and like the facade which formed a new front to the old castle, was not richly sculptured, since the material was granite. The central entrance was flanked by Ionic columns surmounted by .statues, and the elaborate overdoor had a panel carved with the arms of Charles V. The first storey windows of the facade, with iron balconies, were set off by plain wallin, while the top storey had an unusual rusticated treatment with a small order on pedestals, surmounted by a flat balustraded roof.

El Escorial – 26 miles NW of Madrid

The Escorial

The Town of Escorial[30 km. Northeast of Madrid]

This austere group of buildings on a lonely site, 206 m x 209 m, consists of monastery, college, church and palace with state apartments. The grand entrance in the centre of the west front opens into the 'patio de los Reyes', which, lying between the great courts of the monastery and the college, forms the atrium ot the church, the latter measuring 100 m x 64 m. To the right of the atrium is the monastery, with its four courts, each 18.3 m square, surrounded with arcades in three storeys, beyond which is the 'Patio de los Evangelistas'. To the left of the Atrium is the college, with its four courts, and beyond this the great court of the palace is connected with the state apartments,. which project behind the church and make the plan into the form of a gridiron. Although the church shows Italian influence, the Spanish character is seen in the position of the choir over a vaulted vestibule at the west end, which shortens the long arm of the Latin cross, so that the main building is a Greek cross on plan. The external facades, five stories high are in great blocks of granite.

El Escorial -- Background

( El Escorial was begun in 1563by Juan Bautista de Toledo, aRenaissance Spanisharchitect who had workedearlier in Italy, and wascompleted after his death in1567 by Juan de Herrera.

ARCHITECTS OF THE

ESCORIAL

Juan Bautista de Toledo Juan de Herrera

El Escorial Statistics( 15 cloisters( 16 courts( 14 entrance halls ( 13 oratory ( 300 cells ( 86 stairways ( 9 towers ( 9 pipe organs ( 232 chorus books ( 73 statues ( More than 1,600 scenes ( 11 cisterns ( 88 fountains ( 2,673 windows ( 1,200 doors

The Monastery of San Lorenzo

The Escorial Palace

A Section of the Monastery& Gardens

( one of the largest religiousestablishments in the world.

The Monastery Gardens: Close-Up

The View of the Countryside from the Monastery Area

Philip II [r. 1556 – 1598]

Philip II & “Bloody” Mary Tudor

The Library Inside the Monastery

( 4,700 manuscripts[many illuminated].

( 40,000 printed books.

Philip II’s Chapel

Stairwell Inside the Escorial

Ceiling Inside the Escorial

A Main Corredor Inside the Escorial

The Escorial’s Library

( Over 4,700 rare manuscripts.

( Many illuminated manuscripts.

( Over 45,000 books.

Philip II Died in this Bed

The Crypt Area

The Crypt of Philip II