relative sentences

That’s my new dress. It

cost me three hundred

euros.

That’s the new dress

which cost me three

hundred euros.

Los pronombres

relatives que usamos son:

WHO: (que/quien) se usa

para antecedentes

humanos.

The woman who lives next

door is 60 years old.

WHICH: (que) se usa

para antecedentes no

humanos.

Here is the bookshop

which you visited last

week.

THAT: (que/ quien). Puede usarse en

lugar de who o which , pero nunca en

oraciones explicativas (non-defining).

Se prefiere después de ciertas palabras

como something, none, Little, only, all ,

etc.

There’s nothing else that I can do to help

you.

También se prefiere después de

superlatives:

That novel is the worst book that I’ve

ever read.

WHERE: (donde) se

usa en sustitución de

lugares o adverbios

de lugar.

That’s the bookshop

where I bought your

present.

WHOSE: (cuyo)

sustituye a un posesivo

o a un genitivo sajón.

I met the man whose

daughter won the

prize.

WHEN: (cuando) se

emplea junto con THAT,

después de expresiones

de tiempo.

I remember the day

when/that you asked me

out.

Estas son las especificativas españolas,

oraciones subordinadas necesarias para

identificar al antecedente de entre un

grupo.

Debemos tener en cuenta, qué función

desempeña el relativo en la

subordinada:

A man hijacked the plane. He wanted a

million dollars.

I don’t like the programme. It won the

prize.

Es imposible omitir el relativo ya que va

en lugar del sujeto, que es obligatorio en

las oraciones inglesas.

A man hijacked the plane. He wanted a million dollars.

The man who/that hijacked the plane wanted a million dollars.

I don’t like the programme. It won the prize.

I don’t like the programme which/that won the prize.

Es imposible omitir el relativo ya que va en lugar del sujeto, que es obligatorio en las oraciones inglesas.

He met some people. Those people told

him about the event.

You lent me a DVD. I didn’t like it.

En estas sí podemos omitir el relativo.

He met some people. Those people told him about the event.

The people (that/who) he met told him about the event.

You lent me a DVD. I didn’t like it.

I didn’t like the DVD (that/which) you lent me.

En estas sí podemos omitir el relativo.

A man is married. You are going out with him.

I keep my papers in a safe. It is locked.

Se hacen igual que las de objeto, manteniendo la preposición en su sitio y omitiendo el relativo en la mayoría de los casos.

Si opto por una estructura más formal, llevando la preposición al principio, no puedo omitir el relativo y no puedo usar that.

A man is married. You are going out with him.

The man (that/who) you are going out with is married.

The man with whom you are going out is married. (Formal)

I keep my papers in a safe. It is locked.

The safe (that/which) I keep my papers in is locked.

The safe in which I keep my paper is locked.(Formal)

Se hacen igual que las de objeto, manteniendo la preposición en su sitio y omitiendo el relativo en la mayoría de los casos.

Si opto por una estructura más formal, llevando la preposición al principio, no puedo omitir el relativo y no puedo usar that.

The student failed the exam. His answers were all wrong.

Some cars are likely to skid. Their tyresare worn.

No es muy normal si el antecedente no es humano. Se prefiere with:

Some cars with worn tyres are likely to skid.

The student failed the exam. His answers were all wrong.

The student whose answers were all wrong failed the exam.

Some cars are likely to skid. Their tyres are worn.

The cars whose tyres are worn are likely to skid.

No es muy normal si el antecedente no es humano. Se prefiere with:

Some cars with worn tyres are likely to skid.

That is the town. I was born there.

I remember that day. I met the

president.

That is the town. I was born there.

That is the town where I was born.

I remember that day. I met the

president.

I remember the day (when/that) I

met the president.

En estas oraciones de relativo, el antecedente ya está identificado y la información podría omitirse sin dar lugar a confusión. Es información extra pero no relevante para saber a que antecedente nos referimos.

Hay tres diferencias fundamentales:

Van entre comas.

Nunca usan that como relativo.

Nunca se omite el relativo.

Veamos algunos ejemplos:

The president visited Olvera last

week. He is in favour of bullfighting.

I don’t like Sálvame. It is rubbish.

The president visited Olvera last

week. He is in favour of bullfighting.

The president, who is in favour or

bullfighting, visited Olvera last week.

I don’t like Sálvame. It is rubbish.

I don’t like Sálvame, which is rubbish.

Amparo is the Art teacher.

Everybody loves her.

Yesterday I saw Ocho

apellidos vascos. I loved it.

Amparo is the Art teacher. Everybody

loves her.

Amparo, who everybody loves, is the Art

teacher.

Yesterday I saw Ocho apellidos vascos. I

loved it.

Yesterday I saw Ocho apellidos vascos,

which I loved.

Peter is married.

You are going out

with him.

Peter is married. You are going

out with him.

Peter, who you are going out

with, is married.

Peter, with whom you are

going out, is married. (Formal)

My brother failed

the exam. His

answers were all

wrong.

My brother failed the

exam. His answers were

all wrong.

My brother, whose

answers were all wrong,

failed the exam.

That is Olvera. I was born

there.

I remember November the

second. I met the president.

That is Olvera. I was born there.

That is Olvera, where I was born.

I remember November the

second. I met the president.

I remember November the

second, when I met the

president.

JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE.

1. The girl is my sister. I'm talking to the girl.

2. This is the chair. The carpenter repaired it last week.

3. She is married to a man. He is richer than her.

4. She is the friend. She helped me with my homework.

5. That is the swimming-pool. I used to go swimming there.

6. That is the man. His wife is a famous actress

7. A doctor examined me last Friday. He was really kind.

8. The woman called the police. Her car had been stolen.

9. I went to a restaurant last week. It was very expensive

10. I saw a film last night. It was very interesting

1. The girl (who/that) I’m talking to is my sister.

2. This is the chair (which/that) the carpenter repaired last

week.

3. She is married to a man who/that is richer than her.

4. She is the friend that/who helped me with my homework.

5. That is the swimming-pool where I used to go swimming.

6. That is the man whose wife is a famous actress

7. A doctor who/that was really kind examined me last

Friday.

8. The woman whose car had been stolen called the

police.

9. I went to a restaurant last week which was very

expensive.The restaurant (that/ which) I went to last

week, was very expensive.

10. I saw a film last night which was very interesting. The film

(which/that) I saw last night was very interesting.

JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY.

1. My school is very big. It is in Madrid2. Robert Pattinson is an actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the

Twilight saga.

3. Robert Pattinson is a British actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga.

4. I bought this cake yesterday. It tastes delicious.

5. Michael is a policeman. His father is a judge.

6. I bought a computer last month. It doesn't work properly

7. Prince Charles will be the king of England one day. His mother is Queen Elizabeth.

8. I was given a dog. It is very friendly.

9. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain. I enjoyed it a lot.

10. Mrs Kelly is the woman. She took me to hospital when I fainted at school.

JOIN THESE SENTENCES USING RELATIVE PRONOUNS BEGINNING WITH THE WORDS GIVEN. OMIT THE PRONOUN IF POSSIBLE. ADD COMMAS IF NECESSARY.

1. My school, which is in Madrid, is very big. 2. Robert Pattinson , who plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight

saga, an actor.

3. I bought this cake, which tastes delicious, yesterday.

4. Michael, whose father is a judge, is a policeman.

5. My computer, which I bought last month, doesn’t work properly.

6. Prince Charles, whose mother is Queen Elizabeth, will be the king of England one day.

7. I was given a dog which is very friendly. The dog (which/that) I was given is very friendly.

8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which I enjoyed a lot, was written by Mark Twain.

9. Mrs Kelly is the woman who took me to hospital when I fainted at school.