reflexive verbs what do you think is a reflexive verb? 1

Reflexive verbs

What do you think is a reflexive verb?

1

Los VerbosReflexivos

en español…

2

I. Los Verbos Reflexivos

In the reflexive construction, the subject is also the object that receive the action

A person does as well asreceives the action…

3

Subject:

Verb:

Object:

4

Who does the action?

Who receives the action?

5

Subject:

Verb:

Object:

6

7

8

Examples• The term reflexive verb verbs in Spanish

whose subject acts on itself – does the action to itself. For example:

• Marta brushes Ana’s hair. • María brushes her (own) hair.• In sentence one (i), Marta is the subject;

the verb is brushes; and the object is Ana’s hair. In sentence two (ii), the subject is María; the verb is brushes and the object is her own hair. Sentence two (ii) would require the use of a reflexive verb as María does the action to herself. 9

In other words…

• Reflexive verbs show what a person does to him/herself.

10

11

II. Use of se

AcostarseBañarse

CepillarseDespertarse

LavarseLevantarseMaquillarse

PeinarseQuemarseSentarse

AcostarBañar

CepillarDespertar

LavarLevantarMaquillar

PeinarQuemarSentar

vs

12

III. Reflexive Pronouns

• Reflexive verbs also use reflexive pronouns which refer to the same person or thing as the subject.

• What are the reflexive pronouns in English?

13

Reflexive Pronouns The reflexive pronouns are:• Me myself

• Te yourself(informal)

• Se himself, herself, yourself (formal)

• nos ourselves• os yourselves(informal in Spain)

• se themselves, yourselves (formal)14

Reflexive pronouns

Yo

Nosotros(as)

Tú OS

Él, ella, Ud.

Ellos,ellas, Uds.

ME

TE

NOS

SE SE

15

IV.Compare reflexive pronouns/ IOP/ DOP

IOP DOP REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

YO ME ME ME

Tú TE TE TE

ELLA/UD./ÉL LE LO/ LA SE

NOSOTROS NOS NOS NOS

VOSOTROS OS OS OS

ELLOS/ELLAS/UDS.

LES L0S/LAS SE

16

Respond to theQuestion- who/toWhom.

Respond to theQuestion- what

V. Posición de los pronombres reflexivos:

1. In front of a conjugated verb:• Me acuesto a las diez de la noche.• Me quiero acostar a las diez de la noche.• Me estoy acostando ahora mismo.

2. Attached to a gerund:• Estoy acostándome ahora mismo.• Luisa está cepillándose los dientes.

3. Attached to an infinitive:• Voy a acostarme ahora mismo.• Luisa va a cepillarse os dientes. 17

Summarizing

Reflexive pronoun placement

18

1. Reflexive VerbsThe reflexive object pronoun precedes the

conjugated verb.

• Before the conjugated verb:

(1) Me acuesto a las diez y media cada noche.I go to bed at 10:30 each night.

(2) Mi familia y yo nos desayunamos a las siete cada mañana

My family and I have breakfast at 7:00 every morning.

• In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns (me and nos) go before the conjugated verbs. 19

3. Reflexive Verbs The reflexive verb is however attached to

the infinitive. Examples:

• With the infinitive: (1) Yo voy a cepillarme los dientes.

I am going to brush my teeth.

(2) Tú vas a cepillarte los dientes.You are going to brush your teeth.

*In the two examples above, the reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘te’ are attached to the infinitive.

20

2. Reflexive Verbs• The reflexive verb is however attached to

the the present participle: (1) Yo estoy cepillándome los dientes.

I am brushing my teeth.

(2) Carlos está cepillándose. Carlos is brushing his teeth.

* The reflexive pronouns ‘me’ and ‘se’ are attached to the present participles. 21

.Where are reflexive pronouns placed in a sentence?

1. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will come before the verb.

  For example, Tú __________ lavas el pelo. 2. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun can

attach to the end of the verb.For example, Tú tienes que lavar_____ el pelo.

 3. If the verb is ______________________, then the pronoun will attach to the end of the command. This is not new!For example, ¡Láva____ el pelo!

22

CONJUGATED

TE

AN INFINITIVE

TE

IN COMMAND FORM

TE

* NOTE: Possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro, vuestro, su) are not used to show ownership when reflexive verbs are used. The use of the reflexive verb implies ownership already.

•  

23

Reflexive VerbsLavarse las manos – to wash one’s hands

Yo me lavo las manos. Nosotros nos lavamos las manos

Tú te lavas las manos Vosotros os laváis las manos

Él Ella se lava las manos Ellos Ud. Ellas se lavan las manos

Uds.

24

Reflexive Sentence Structure

subject + reflexive pronoun + verb (conjugated) + rest of

the sentence

25

VII. How do I conjugate a reflexive verb?

 Look at the infinitive, lavarse. What verb do you notice? __________________

1. Take off the “se” and conjugate it like you normally do.

 2. Add a reflexive pronoun.

26

The Verb

•The verb is conjugated as it normally would be it present tense. Just drop the –se and you will be left with the infinitive.

27

14 of the 26 reflexive verbs are regular –AR or –

ER/-IR verbs.afeitarse, bañarse, lavarse, levantarse, quitarse,

quejarse, aburrirse, etcThat means that after the –AR

of the infinitive is removed, we’ll add -o, -as, -a, -amos, -an. For aburrirse, we’ll use -o, -es, -e, -imos, -en added to the stem. 28

AFEITARSE (to shave oneself)

afeitoafeitasafeitaafeitamosafeitan

MeTeSeNos

Se

29

BAÑARSE (to bathe oneself)

bañobañasbañabañamosbañan

MeTeSeNos

Se

30

LAVARSE (to wash oneself)

lavolavaslavalavamoslavan

MeTeSeNos

SeEl chico se lava las manos.La chica se lava el pelo.

31

LEVANTARSE (to get oneself up)

levantolevantaslevantalevantam

oslevantan

MeTeSeNo

sSe

32

MIRARSE (To look at oneself)

miromirasmiramiramosmiran

MeTeSeNos

SeElla se mira en el espejo. 33

QUITARSE (to take off of oneself)

quitoquitasquitaquitamosquitan

MeTeSeNos

SeUn chico se quita la camisa.El otro se quita la chaqueta.

34

ABURRIRSEme aburrote aburresse aburrenos aburrimos

se aburren35

The other 8 reflexive verbs have some kind of

irregularity.ACOSTARSE and PROBARSE are o ue stem-changing.

DESPERTARSE , SENTARSE , and DIVERTIRSE are

e ie stem-changing.36

VESTIRSE and REÍRSE are e i stem-changing.

PONERSE has a “g” in the “yo” form

37

ACOSTARSE (to lay oneself down. “to go to bed”)

acuestoacuestasacuesta

acostamosacuestan

MeTeSeNos

Se

38

DESPERTARSE (to wake up yourself)

despiertodespiert

asdespiertadespertam

osdespiertan

MeTeSeNos

Se

39

SENTARSE (to sit down)

me sientote sientasse sientanos sentamos

se sientan40

VESTIRSE (to dress oneself; to get dressed)

vistovistesvistevestimosvisten

MeTeSeNos

Se

41

REÍRSEme ríote ríesse ríenos reímosse ríen

42

PONERSE (to put on oneself)

pongoponesponeponemosponen

MeTeSeNos

Se

El chico se pone los zapatos.

43

DIVERTIRSE (to have fun!)

me diviertote diviertesse diviertenos divertimos

se divierten44

• Yo me levanto a las ocho de la mañana.

• Ella se despierta muy temprano.

• ¿A qué hora te desayunas cada día?

• Mis hermanas se maquillan en su cuarto.

• Nosotros nos acostamos muy tarde.

• Pepito se baña en el baño.

Por ejemplo:

I get up at eight in the morning.

She wakes up very early.

At what time do you have breakfast every day?

My sisters put on makeup in their room.

We go to bed very late.

Pepito takes a bath in the bathroom.

45

How do you form these verbs?

levantarse

1. Conjugate the verb as always…

levanto levantamos

levantas levantáis

levanta levantan

2. Add the reflexive pronouns…

me nos

te os

se se

46

despertarse (ie)

despierto despertamos

despiertas despertáis

despierta despiertan

me nos

te os

se se

vestirse (i)

visto vestimos

vistes vestís

viste visten

me nos

te os

se se 47

acostarse (ue)

acuesto acostamos

acuestas acostáis

acuesta acuestan

me nos

te os

se se

cepillarse

cepillo cepillamos

cepillas cepilláis

cepilla cepillan

me nos

te os

se se 48

Don‘t Forget• Remove the –se before conjugating.• Conjugate the verb as you would

conjugate any present tense verb.• The reflexive pronoun goes BEFORE

the conjugated verb.• Don’t get tripped up by those stem-

changing verbs…they still change!

49

¿Puedes contestar estas preguntas…?

¿A qué hora te despiertas por la mañana?

¿Te sientes bien o mal hoy?

¿Estás desayunándote ahora mismo?

¿Quieres acostarte ahora?

¿Quién en tu familia se maquilla?

¿Uds. se lavan las manos antes de comer?

50

¿Cómo se dice en español?

My mother puts my sister to bed early.

I am going to get up early tomorrow.

We have to bathe the dog now.

My sister is combing her hair right now.

My friends want to sit in the library.

I wash the dishes in the kitchen.

51

More practice

1. Maria (arreglarse) el pelo.2. Juan y Jose (afeitarse) por la mañana.3. Nosotros (despertarse) a las seis de la

mañana.4. Vosotros (ducharse) despues de (cepillarse)

los dientes.5. Los estudiantes (lavarse) la cara.

52

Las Repuestas1. Maria se arregla el pelo.2. Juan y Jose se afeitan por la mañana.3. Nosotros nos depertamos a las seis

de la mañana.4. Vosotros os ducháis despues de

cepillaros los dientes.5. Los estudiantes se lavan la cara.

53

… un poco de vocabulario

la toalla

la duchala tina

el desodorante

el espejo

el maquillaje

54

List of Reflexive Verbs

1. ponerse + article of clothing – to put on

2. bañarse – to bathe3. ducharse – to (take a) shower4. cepillarse los dientes – to brush

one’s teeth5. afeitarse – to shave6. peinarse – to comb one’s hair7. levantarse – to get up8. despertarse (e-i) – to wake up 55

List of Reflexive Verbs1. acostarse (o-ue) – to go to bed2. dormirse (o-ue) to fall asleep3. vestirse (e-i) – to get dressed4. cortarse el pelo – to cut one’s hair5. desayunarse – to have breakfast6. almorzarse – to have lunch7. enojarse – to get upset8. burlarse de – to laugh at 9. quejarse – to complain

56

Why are they called “reflexive”?

• Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject is doing the action to himself! Think of your reflection: What do you see?

• For example: I take a shower or I shower myself.

• I am doing the action to myself.57

• When the verb should not be conjugated (after “de” or next to another conjugated verb), attach the –se to the infinitive.

58