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PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
PY3090PY3090Preparation of MaterialsPreparation of MaterialsLecture 1Lecture 1
Colm StephensColm StephensSchool of PhysicsSchool of Physics
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Text BooksText Books
Materials Science & EngineeringMaterials Science & EngineeringAn IntroductionAn IntroductionWilliam D William D CallisterCallister, Jr., Jr.SS--LEN 620.11 53*5;1 LEN 620.11 53*5;1 ……. 10. 10
Introduction to Materials Science for Introduction to Materials Science for EngineersEngineersJames F James F ShackelfordShackelford620.11 M56*5620.11 M56*5
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Historical PerspectiveHistorical Perspective
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Types of MaterialsTypes of Materials
MetalsMetalsCeramicsCeramicsSemiconductorsSemiconductorsPolymersPolymersCompositesComposites
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Metals Metals
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Ceramics Ceramics
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Semiconductors Semiconductors
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Polymers Polymers
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?
PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Properties of MaterialsProperties of Materials
MechanicalMechanicalPhysicalPhysical
ElectricalElectricalThermalThermalMagneticMagneticOpticalOpticalDeteriorative Deteriorative
PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?
PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformanceStructureStructure
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
What do we mean by structure?What do we mean by structure?
MacroscopicMacroscopic
MicroscopicMicroscopic
Atomic levelAtomic level
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
BondingBonding
MetallicMetallicBondingBonding
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
BondingBonding
CovalentCovalentBondingBonding
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
BondingBonding
IonicIonicBondingBonding
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
BondingBonding
Van der WaalsVan der WaalsBondingBonding
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Types of bonding in engineering Types of bonding in engineering materialsmaterials
Si, CdSCovalent or ionic/covalent
Semiconductors
PolyethlyneCovalent and secondary
Polymers
Silica (crystalline and amorphous)
Ionic/covalentCeramics and Glasses
Iron, CuMetallicMetal
ExampleBonding CharacterMaterial Type
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Representation of Crystal StructuresRepresentation of Crystal Structures
Atomic hard sphere modelAtomic hard sphere modelLatticesLatticesUnit cellsUnit cells
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
7 Crystal Systems7 Crystal Systems14 Crystal (Bravais) Lattices14 Crystal (Bravais) Lattices
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Atomic Packing FactorAtomic Packing Factor
cellunitofvolumeTotalcellunitainatomsofVolumeAPF =
HomeworkHomeworkCalculate the APF for Calculate the APF for
(Primitive) cubic (Primitive) cubic BCCBCCFCCFCC
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Crytallographic Points, Directions Crytallographic Points, Directions and Planesand Planes
Set up rightSet up right--handed set of axes handed set of axes x, y, x, y, andand zzx, y, x, y, andand zz along the edges of a unit cell along the edges of a unit cell Origin at a lattice pointOrigin at a lattice pointx, y, x, y, andand zz not always mutually perpendicular!not always mutually perpendicular!a, b, a, b, andand cc are the unit length of the three corresponding are the unit length of the three corresponding unit cell edgesunit cell edges
Labelling conventionsLabelling conventionsPointsPoints DirectionsDirections PlanesPlanes101 101 [110][110] (110)(110)111 111 [111][111] (100)(100)
FamiliesFamilies {001} {001} <011><011>¯̄ ¯̄
PY3090 PY3090 –– 11
Basic aim of this short courseBasic aim of this short courseUnderstand how processing affects the Understand how processing affects the
StructureStructurePropertiesProperties
PerformancePerformanceof materialsof materials
What determines a materialWhat determines a material’’s s performance?performance?
ProcessProcess StructureStructure PropertiesProperties PerformancePerformance
Concentrate on Concentrate on metals,semiconductorsmetals,semiconductors
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