psychology background and perspectives

Psychology revolves around understanding all the things humans do and reasons behind these behaviors.

Why is this field worthwhile?

Wilhelm Wundt- “Founder of Psychology” – 1879

Why is he important?

What did he study in his lab?

First 2 differing viewpoints:

1.) Structuralism- Edward Titchener◦ Psychology should analyze consciousness into basic

elements and investigate relationships.◦ What was studied? What techniques used?

2.) Functionalism- William James◦ Psychologists should study function (or purpose) of

consciousness, not just structure.◦ What was studied? What were major influences?

What do you think of when you hear this name?

Unconscious- Thoughts below surface of our awareness◦ Major determinant of all our behavior

Behaviorists believe we should only study observable behavior

Clear stance towards Nurture side of Nature/Nurture Debate:

B.F. Skinner

Nature- Behavior is determined by genes (genetic inheritance)

Nurture- Behavior is determined by our environment and experience.

Humanists emphasized unique human qualities, freedom, and potential for personal growth.

Cognitive psychology- Psychologists study cognition (mental processes involved in behavior)◦ Became prominent in 1950’s and 1960’s

Evolutionary Psychology- Examines behavior in terms of what is important for survival or reproduction