propagation of cardamom

TAMIL NADU AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Coimbatore-641003

Production technology of Spice crops PSM 502 (2+1) Assignment onPROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL CARDAMOM BY:-

VISHNU KUMAR MISHRA ID NO 13-533-011 1st M.Sc.(Hort)

PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES IN SMALL

CARDAMOM

Cardamom : An introduction

Queen of spices

Habitat – Western Ghats

Cross pollination crops

perennial , monocot , herbaceous

Area- 71,170 ha, Production- 11,000 t Max. production- Kerala (8545t) 2011-2012

Seed propagation

Vegetative propagation

Rapid clonal propagation

Micro propagation

Types of propagation

Seed propagation

Steps –

Primary nurserySelection of seeds Pre sowing Seed treatmentSowingMulching Secondary nursery -bed nursery -poly bag nursery

Sloppy land Raise the bed:20cm ht, 1 m width,

convenient length Soil solarisation

Primary nursery

Seed extraction from ripen capsule in sept-oct

Seed collection from mother plant having:-

Vigorous growth High yielding Compact panicle High % of fruit set Free from pests and diseases More no. of tillers

Selection of seeds

After picking capsules are immersed in water Seed extraction with gently press Seeds are wash in water to remove mucilage Seed are smeared with wood ash and shade

dried Acid treatment for better germination Temperature have greater influence on

germination

Pre sowing Seed treatment

Treatment Mode DurationGermination percentage

(increase or decrease over control)

Con. Nitric acid Soaking five minutes

nine per cent increase

Conc. Hydrochloric acid

Soaking five minutes

Increased germination

25 per cent Nitric acid

Soaking 10 minutes

55 per cent increase (fresh seeds) 25 per cent increase (six to eight months old seeds)

25 per cent Acetic acid 25 per cent Hydrochloric acid 25 per cent Nitric acid

Soaking 10 minutes

90 per cent germination

Acetone Soaking 10 minutes

Increased germination

Line sowing 1 kg of seed to get 5000 seedling, i.e. half

kg seed for an acre Cover with thin layer sand Germination starts in about 22-25 days Avoid direct sunlight, rainfall by providing

pandal

Sowing

Mulching

With paddy straw & dry leaves Sometimes with coconut coir dust & goose berry leaves

Bed nursery Poly bag nursery

Secondary nursery

Preparations of bed same as primary nursery Cattle manure thoroughly mixed with soil Seedling transplanted at 4-5 leaf stage in

June -July at 20-25 cm distance Nutrition: 45g N, 30g P2O5 & 60g K2O in three

equal splits at 45 days interval

Polythene bags size: 20x20 cm & 100 gauge thickness

Bags filled with jungle top soil, cowdung and sand (3:1:1)

Then transferred to main field in first week of June after 10 months of sowing

Bed nursery

Poly bag nursery

Vegetative propagation

Through division of rhizomes

- Portion of rhizome with one old and one young shoot

- Bear earlier than seedling

Rhizomes of cardamom

Planting unit: one grown up sucker & a young growing shoot

Trenches with 45 cm width, 45 cm depth, length convenient opened

Rapid clonal propagation

Filled with jungle soil, compost, & top soil

Planting units are planted at 1.8x0.6m spacing

Overhead protection by erecting pandal Irrigation once in week, fertilizers given @ 48:48:96g NPK in two split doses

32-42 suckers produced from one planting unit after 12 months

Hence in one hectare of clonal nursery about 1,48,144 – 1,94,439 plants produced in 12 months

Micropropagation

“… the art and science of multiplying plants in vitro.”

“… the art and science of multiplying plants in vitro.”

First commercial level tissue culture production Explant- young sprouting tillers (8-10 cm) in

march to may is ideal Tissue cultured plants are harden in sand filled

cups in mist chamber at 80% RH

Micro propagation

1. Selection of plant material

2. Establish aseptic culture

3. Multiplication

4. Shoot elongation

5. Root induction / formation

6. Acclimatization

Micropropagation stages

Procedure Preparation of media(Schenk & Hidebrandt

Medium)

Transplant of explant in media

For shoot induction , addition of BAP, KN & Coconut milk each @ 0.5mg/l and also IAA 2mg/l growth factors D- Biotin and calcium pantothenate @ 0.1mg/l

The bud elongation takes place on M1 medium Transfer of shoots in fresh medium after every 5 weeks

Primary culture is transferred to shoot multiplication medium M2 Achieve a ht of 30-40 mm in 12 weeks

White’s rooting medium used for rooting and further shoot elongation Rate of multiplication 1:3/month

Rooting percentage 86-93%

4-5 cm rooted shoots transferred for hardening and acclimatization

Planting medium:- sterilized top soil and compost

Plantlets are acclimatized in nursery for 2-3 months transferred to main field at stage of 20-30 cm ht

Starting material forMicropropagation

Tip bud

Leaf

Axillary bud

Internode

Root

Callus formation

Shoot organogenesis

Rooting

Hardening process

THANK YOU