promoting health in an environment challenged by climate change: water dr bettina menne, arezzo...

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Promoting health in an environment challenged by climate change: Water

Dr Bettina Menne,

Arezzo 23.11.2010menneb@who.int

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

McMichael et al. 2003

Multiple, complex, causal pathways

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Climate change and water: Too little, too much, too dirty

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Water resource management and access• Total water abstraction in EU

expected to decrease by 10% between 2000 – 2030

• Precipitation decrease by 10%• Differential access in Europe:

e.g. urban rural; east west• Adaptation requires:

– Safe reuse of waste water– Desalinization practices– Increasing resilience of supply

Projected change in mean annual and seasonal river flow between the climate change scenario (SRES A1B, 2071-2100) and the control period (1961-1990). Simulations with LISFLOOD based on an ensemble of 11 RCMs.

Source: Rojas et al. 2012/JRC

Water supply

71%

29%

Rural in-house

Rural other

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Less time between extreme events on average

Projected return periods for the maximum daily temperature that was exceeded on average once during a 20-year period in the late 20th century (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).

Projected return periods for a daily precipitation event that was exceeded in the late 20th century on average once during a 20-year period (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Health and floods

• Disruption of routine hospital care• Rise in infectious disease incidence• Food shortages• Safe water shortages• Mental health problems• Injuries• Carbon monoxide poisoning

1900

-09

1920

-29

1940

-49

1960

-69

1980

-89

2000

-09

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Total number of floods

Decade

Nu

mb

er o

f fl

oo

ds

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Emerging water-related diseases

20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

CryptosporidiosisCampylobacteriosisGiardiasisLegionellosis

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

20%50%80%

Adapted from Parry, 2008

An international challenge ahead

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Table 1. Estimated global annual cost of climate change adaptation (US$ billion):

UNFCCC(2007 prices)

World Bank(2005 prices)

Sector

2030 2010-2050 Period or time point

3.8 - 4.4 2.0 Health sector

9.0 - 11.0 13.7 Water supply

14.0 7.6 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries

- 6.7 Extreme weather

26.8 - 29.4 30.0 Total health-related

56.8 - 193.4 89.6 Total (all)

13.8 - 47.1% 33.4% % health-related

Estimating resources for adaptation

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int11

Ministerial Conferences on Environment and Health: the pillars of the process

• The first Ministerial Conference was held in Frankfurt in 1989, followed by  Helsinki in 1994, London in 1999 and Budapest in 2004

• As an intermediate milestone, in 2007 an intergovernmental meeting reviewed progress in the implementation of the Budapest commitments

• The Fifth Ministerial Conference took place in Parma on 10-12 March 2010.

1989

Frankfurt charter: recognition of a

problem

1999

Call for monitoring and research of the

early human health effects of climate change

2004Call for urgent

action to protect health from

extreme events and emerging

problem of energy

2007IPCC: growing recognition of

health being one of the sectors

mainly affected

2008World Health

Assembly Resolution on

climate change and health

2009

WHO workplan on climate

change and health

2010

Commitment to Act and

European Framework on climate change

and health

2012

Health 2020

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Protecting health from climate change in an environment challenged by climate change

1. Health in other policies

2. Strengthen health systems

3. Raise awareness

4. Greening health services

5. Research, innovation, development

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Adaptation to climate change

New?

Better?

More?

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Small scale water supply

• 80 % of health facilities in country do not have adequate quantity of running water

• 2 pilot sites chosen for developing Water Safety Plans

• One hospital site having water safety plan, including repair and installation of safe water delivery system

• Training on water safety planning • Workshop for facilitators team of 13

professionals from Ministry of Health, for Water Safety Plan in pilot villages

• Training of trainers for hospital plumbing• National advocacy seminar for 40 decision

makers and potential donors

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Increasing expenditures on prevention

Less than 5 % is spent on primary prevention despite huge potential to reduce the growth in health expenditures.

Other

AlcoholUnsafe Sex

TobaccoPhysical Inactivity

Illicit drugs

Environment

Treatment & Overhead

Prevention < 5%

Factors influencing health World-wide health expenditures

US $ 5.3 Trillion

Source: Estimated from OECD, WHO, and Prevention Institute data

• 1% life expectancy increase = 6% GDP growth (OECD)

• 10% decrease in CVD = 1% per capita income growth (2009)

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

A few examples

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

17Thu 12 Jan 2012

Tackling the old and new• Strengthen disease surveillance

– Emerging diseases– Vaccine preventable diseases– Neglected diseases: helminthes

• Cooperation between ML Agreements– IHR and health security – Disaster preparedness and response– Water Protocol

• Focus on win – win – win - win

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Opportunities to link to other regional and global policy processes

Health

Prevention of NCDs

European Environment and Health Process

Rio +20

Health Environment

Prevention of NCDs

Rio +20

European Environment and Health Process

Health2020

Prevention of NCDs

European Union MSs

Environment for Europe

Rio +20

European Environment and Health Process

EnvironmentHealth

Multilateral Environmental Agreements

International Health

Regulation

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

Any questions?

Contact details:

Dr Bettina Menne Program ManagerClimate change, green health services and sustainable development programWHO Regional Office for Europe+ 39 2288150422Email: menneb@who. inthttp://www.euro.who.int/globalchange

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

• More than 894 million; 15% older than 65 years old; 70% live in cities• 22% GDP growth fall of 28% in carbon emissions between 1990 and 2008

• 1/5 of burden of disease is caused by environmental pollution • More than 86% of deaths are from non communicable diseases;

• Growing levels of obesity and infectious disease outbreaks• Rising levels of inequalities

• Increasing financial pressures on health and welfare systems• Important social and technological transformations

• Geopolitical shifts

21

Dr Bettina Menne

menneb@who.int

www.euro.who.int

menneb@who.int

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