promoting health in an environment challenged by climate change: water dr bettina menne, arezzo...
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Promoting health in an environment challenged by climate change: Water
Dr Bettina Menne,
Arezzo [email protected]
Dr Bettina Menne
Water resource management and access• Total water abstraction in EU
expected to decrease by 10% between 2000 – 2030
• Precipitation decrease by 10%• Differential access in Europe:
e.g. urban rural; east west• Adaptation requires:
– Safe reuse of waste water– Desalinization practices– Increasing resilience of supply
Projected change in mean annual and seasonal river flow between the climate change scenario (SRES A1B, 2071-2100) and the control period (1961-1990). Simulations with LISFLOOD based on an ensemble of 11 RCMs.
Source: Rojas et al. 2012/JRC
Water supply
71%
29%
Rural in-house
Rural other
Dr Bettina Menne
Less time between extreme events on average
Projected return periods for the maximum daily temperature that was exceeded on average once during a 20-year period in the late 20th century (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).
Projected return periods for a daily precipitation event that was exceeded in the late 20th century on average once during a 20-year period (1981–2000) (IPCC, SREX, 2011).
Dr Bettina Menne
Health and floods
• Disruption of routine hospital care• Rise in infectious disease incidence• Food shortages• Safe water shortages• Mental health problems• Injuries• Carbon monoxide poisoning
1900
-09
1920
-29
1940
-49
1960
-69
1980
-89
2000
-09
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Total number of floods
Decade
Nu
mb
er o
f fl
oo
ds
Dr Bettina Menne
Emerging water-related diseases
20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
CryptosporidiosisCampylobacteriosisGiardiasisLegionellosis
Dr Bettina Menne
20%50%80%
Adapted from Parry, 2008
An international challenge ahead
Dr Bettina Menne
Table 1. Estimated global annual cost of climate change adaptation (US$ billion):
UNFCCC(2007 prices)
World Bank(2005 prices)
Sector
2030 2010-2050 Period or time point
3.8 - 4.4 2.0 Health sector
9.0 - 11.0 13.7 Water supply
14.0 7.6 Agriculture, forestry and fisheries
- 6.7 Extreme weather
26.8 - 29.4 30.0 Total health-related
56.8 - 193.4 89.6 Total (all)
13.8 - 47.1% 33.4% % health-related
Estimating resources for adaptation
Dr Bettina Menne
Ministerial Conferences on Environment and Health: the pillars of the process
• The first Ministerial Conference was held in Frankfurt in 1989, followed by Helsinki in 1994, London in 1999 and Budapest in 2004
• As an intermediate milestone, in 2007 an intergovernmental meeting reviewed progress in the implementation of the Budapest commitments
• The Fifth Ministerial Conference took place in Parma on 10-12 March 2010.
1989
Frankfurt charter: recognition of a
problem
1999
Call for monitoring and research of the
early human health effects of climate change
2004Call for urgent
action to protect health from
extreme events and emerging
problem of energy
2007IPCC: growing recognition of
health being one of the sectors
mainly affected
2008World Health
Assembly Resolution on
climate change and health
2009
WHO workplan on climate
change and health
2010
Commitment to Act and
European Framework on climate change
and health
2012
Health 2020
Dr Bettina Menne
Protecting health from climate change in an environment challenged by climate change
1. Health in other policies
2. Strengthen health systems
3. Raise awareness
4. Greening health services
5. Research, innovation, development
Dr Bettina Menne
Small scale water supply
• 80 % of health facilities in country do not have adequate quantity of running water
• 2 pilot sites chosen for developing Water Safety Plans
• One hospital site having water safety plan, including repair and installation of safe water delivery system
• Training on water safety planning • Workshop for facilitators team of 13
professionals from Ministry of Health, for Water Safety Plan in pilot villages
• Training of trainers for hospital plumbing• National advocacy seminar for 40 decision
makers and potential donors
Dr Bettina Menne
Increasing expenditures on prevention
Less than 5 % is spent on primary prevention despite huge potential to reduce the growth in health expenditures.
Other
AlcoholUnsafe Sex
TobaccoPhysical Inactivity
Illicit drugs
Environment
Treatment & Overhead
Prevention < 5%
Factors influencing health World-wide health expenditures
US $ 5.3 Trillion
Source: Estimated from OECD, WHO, and Prevention Institute data
• 1% life expectancy increase = 6% GDP growth (OECD)
• 10% decrease in CVD = 1% per capita income growth (2009)
Dr Bettina Menne
17Thu 12 Jan 2012
Tackling the old and new• Strengthen disease surveillance
– Emerging diseases– Vaccine preventable diseases– Neglected diseases: helminthes
• Cooperation between ML Agreements– IHR and health security – Disaster preparedness and response– Water Protocol
• Focus on win – win – win - win
Dr Bettina Menne
Opportunities to link to other regional and global policy processes
Health
Prevention of NCDs
European Environment and Health Process
Rio +20
Health Environment
Prevention of NCDs
Rio +20
European Environment and Health Process
Health2020
Prevention of NCDs
European Union MSs
Environment for Europe
Rio +20
European Environment and Health Process
EnvironmentHealth
Multilateral Environmental Agreements
International Health
Regulation
Dr Bettina Menne
Any questions?
Contact details:
Dr Bettina Menne Program ManagerClimate change, green health services and sustainable development programWHO Regional Office for Europe+ 39 2288150422Email: menneb@who. inthttp://www.euro.who.int/globalchange
Dr Bettina Menne
• More than 894 million; 15% older than 65 years old; 70% live in cities• 22% GDP growth fall of 28% in carbon emissions between 1990 and 2008
• 1/5 of burden of disease is caused by environmental pollution • More than 86% of deaths are from non communicable diseases;
• Growing levels of obesity and infectious disease outbreaks• Rising levels of inequalities
• Increasing financial pressures on health and welfare systems• Important social and technological transformations
• Geopolitical shifts
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