prokaryote/eukaryote/ organelle qq/notes€¦ · organelle qq/notes prokaryotic eukaryotic...

Prokaryote/Eukaryote/

Organelle QQ/Notes

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

Organelles

Quick Question 1

What are the

three properties

of all cells?

I. Prokaryotic Cells

• single-celled organisms

• earliest & most primitive

• forms of life on earth

• include bacteria and archaeans

• no nuclei • (pro means before, thus before nucleus)

• no membrane organelles

• some have a cell wall

• Multi-celled organisms

• true nuclei (eu means true)

• Has membrane organelles

• cell membrane in animals

• cell wall in plants

II. Eukaryotic Cells

Compare and

Contrast Pro and

Eukaryotic cells

Quick Question 2

Organelle- tiny organ that performs an individual tasks

III. Cell Organelles

• Thin membranes not visible in light

microscope

• Divide interior of cell into

compartments

• Abbreviated ER – smooth and rough

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Manufactures proteins

• Location for Translation of RNA into

proteins

i. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Quick Question 3

What are the building

blocks of proteins?

Why is the rough ER

crucial to cell

function?

• Creates lipids and steroid messengers

• organizes

• Lacks ribosomes

ii. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Information center of cell

• Spherical shape

• Largest organelle, readily visible

• Centrally located

• Positioned by filaments

Quick Question 4 Why is the nucleus

the information center?

B. Nucleus

• Double layer membrane pinched together at

nuclear pores

• outer membrane • continuous with the rough ER

• Inner membrane • Embedded with proteins

• Pores that serve as molecular

channels that restricts passage

of molecules except RNA and

some proteins.

C. Nuclear Envelope

Why do you

think proteins

are so

necessary?

Quick Question 5

• “Worker Bees”

• Where RNA is made

into proteins

• Proteins are

necessary for

carrying out

the functions of life

D. Ribosome

You will learn all about this in IS ¾!

• Golgi Bodies • Individual, flattened stacks of membranes

• Collectively called the Golgi complex

• Function in Molecule Collection,

Packaging, Distribution

• In charge of Delivery, the “FedEx” of the

cell

E. Golgi Complex

• The Garbage men!

• Membrane bound organelles

containing digestive enzymes

• Break down worn-out cell parts

• Recycles material into new structures

• Digest pathogens engulfed by white blood cells

F. Lysosome

• Microtubular Assembly Plants

• Present in animal and protist cells

• Occur in pairs near nuclear envelope

• Help move DNA during Mitosis

F. Centrioles

H. Mitochondria

• Cell's Chemical Power Plant

• Present in all organisms

• Bounded by double membrane

a. Outer membrane

is smooth

b. Inner membrane

is folded into

contiguous layers

called cristae

• Possesses own DNA

• Capable of replication

I. Chloroplasts

• Where photosynthesis occurs

• Found in plants and algae

• Bounded by double membrane

• Internal membranes form disk-shaped thylakoids

(look like pancakes)

• Photosynthetic pigments

on thylakoid surface

• Possess own DNA

• Can reproduce

J. Cytoskeleton

• Interior framework of cell

• Provides structure

K. Flagella and Cilia

• Two types of

locomotion

• Flagella: whip

like action

• Ex: tail of

bacteria

• Cilia: wave like

motion

• Ex: hairs in

your ear

Let’s see what you

got!

Name as many

organelles and their

functions as you can

Quick Question 6