progressivism. a movement of reformers to address the social problems created by industrialization...

ProgressivProgressivismism

• A movement of reformers to address the social problems A movement of reformers to address the social problems created by industrialization and return order and stabilitycreated by industrialization and return order and stability

Why did the Progressive Era begin?Why did the Progressive Era begin?

What role did Industrialization What role did Industrialization play?play?

• Industrialization created problemsIndustrialization created problems

- all powerful monopolies- all powerful monopolies

- no government regulations- no government regulations

- horrible working conditions- horrible working conditions

- horrible living conditions- horrible living conditions

- overcrowded, crime, and disease - overcrowded, crime, and disease

infested citiesinfested cities

Progressive Era = Reform

Who led the Progressive Who led the Progressive Movement?Movement?

3 important 3 important groups of groups of

peoplepeople

#1 Political Reformers#1 Political ReformersGovernor of WisconsinGovernor of Wisconsin PresidentPresident

• ““Fighting Bob”Fighting Bob”• ChampionsChampions

- the first workers' - the first workers' compensation compensation

systemsystem- railroad rate reform- railroad rate reform- direct legislation- direct legislation- municipal home rule- municipal home rule- open government- open government- the minimum wage- the minimum wage- non-partisan elections- non-partisan elections- the open primary system- the open primary system- direct election of U.S. - direct election of U.S. Senators Senators- women's suffrage- women's suffrage- and progressive taxation - and progressive taxation

Robert La FolletteRobert La Follette

#2 Muckrakers#2 Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed Journalists who exposed social ills in the attempt social ills in the attempt

to initiate reformto initiate reform

MuckrakersMuckrakers• TargetedTargeted

- - corrupt business practices corrupt business practices (monopolies)(monopolies)

- unsafe factory conditions- unsafe factory conditions

- violence against unions- violence against unions

- political machines and boss rule- political machines and boss rule

- RR practices- RR practices

Some notable muckrakersSome notable muckrakers• Ida Tarbell: The History of the Standard Ida Tarbell: The History of the Standard

Oil CompanyOil Company

• Upton Sinclair: The JungleUpton Sinclair: The Jungle

• Lincoln Steffens: The Shame of the CitiesLincoln Steffens: The Shame of the Cities

• Jacob Riis: How The Other Half LivesJacob Riis: How The Other Half Lives

#3 The People#3 The People

Social GospelSocial Gospel• Moral sense of social Moral sense of social

responsibilityresponsibility

• Salvation Army Salvation Army example of fusion of example of fusion of religion and reformreligion and reform

Settlement HousesSettlement Houses• Middle class Middle class

Americans Americans “settling” the inner “settling” the inner city and immigrantscity and immigrants

• Staffed by college Staffed by college women (Eleanor women (Eleanor Roosevelt)Roosevelt)

• Forerunner to Forerunner to social worksocial work

Hull HouseHull House• 1889 Jane Addams1889 Jane Addams• ChicagoChicago• Becomes the modelBecomes the model• Classes in English, Classes in English,

health, crafts, music, health, crafts, music, drama, college extension drama, college extension classes for the ambitious, classes for the ambitious, reading to illiterates. reading to illiterates. Social services for Social services for deserted women and deserted women and widows were provided as widows were provided as well as furniture if well as furniture if possible. Sent nurses out possible. Sent nurses out to help the sickto help the sick

Coffee Room at Hull House

Hull House Nursery

What type of Federal Reform What type of Federal Reform was made? was made?

• Progressive AmendmentsProgressive Amendments

• 1616thth 19131913

• 1717thth 19131913

• 1818thth 19191919

• 1919thth 19201920

• Income TaxIncome Tax

• The Congress shall The Congress shall have power to lay and have power to lay and collect taxes on collect taxes on incomes, from incomes, from whatever source whatever source derived, without derived, without apportionment among apportionment among the several States, and the several States, and without regard to any without regard to any census or enumerationcensus or enumeration

1616thth amendment amendment

1717thth amendment amendment• Direct Election of SenatorsDirect Election of Senators• The Senate of the United States shall be The Senate of the United States shall be

composed of two Senators from each State, composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of each State shall issue executive authority of each State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: …writs of election to fill such vacancies: …

• Prohibition of alcoholProhibition of alcohol• Section 1. After one year from Section 1. After one year from

the ratification of this article the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the liquors within, the importation thereof into, or importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the exportation thereof from the United States and all the United States and all territory subject to the territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.prohibited.

1818thth amendment amendment

• Women Suffrage Women Suffrage (right to vote)(right to vote)

• The right of citizens of the The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged not be denied or abridged by the United States or by by the United States or by any State on account of any State on account of sex. Congress shall have sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this power to enforce this article by appropriate article by appropriate legislation.legislation.

1919thth amendment amendment

What type of state What type of state reform was made?reform was made?

InitiativeInitiative• The people propose and pass a law directlyThe people propose and pass a law directly

ReferendumReferendum• allows legislatures to submit a law to the vote of the allows legislatures to submit a law to the vote of the

peoplepeople

RecallRecall• Allows the people to vote an official out of officeAllows the people to vote an official out of office

Initiative, Referendum, and RecallInitiative, Referendum, and Recall

Give more power Give more power to the people on the to the people on the

STATE LEVELSTATE LEVEL

Questions?Questions?