production technology of barley

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Barley

Hordeum vulgare

Introduction

Barley is a rabbi cereal grain crop

Ranked 4th in cereal

Locally called “Jao”(Urdu)

Old English word “Beare”

Latin word Farine “flour”

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

History & Origin

Barley was one of the first agricultural domesticates together with wheat, peas etc.

Being grown by babylians , Chinese

Originated in Asia & Ethiopia.

Production started in Mesopotamia

Earliest remains reported in 8000 BC in Iran

Staple food of ancient Egypt

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Crop botany

Family poaceae

Self pollinated

Monocot

Diploid with 14 chromosome

Infloresencence is spike

Has short duration than wheat

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Botanical classification

Kingdom Plantae

Phylum Spermatophyta

Class Monocotyledons

order Cyperales

family Poaceae

genus Hordeun

specie hordeumvulgar

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Importance

HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) PRESCRIBED BARLEY

FOR 7 DISEASES

ANIMAL FEED

HEALTHY FOOD

BAKERY PRODUCTS

BEVERAGES

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Health benefits of barley

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

National Production

Area 84100ha

Production 71400tons

Yield 0.85tons/ha

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Locality & Soil It is adopted in temperate regions

Optimum temperature for its growth is 15-20 Celsius

Chilling requirement: Needed low temperature for flowering

200-250 mm rainfall needed for barley production

More dependent crop under salt & drought

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Seedbed preparation Barley is adopted to wide range of soils such as less fertile, fertile, or sandy

soils

To prepare soil for barley , plough field with a deep plough twice with

sub-soiler or chisel plough and then level the field by planking

Barley can also be planted on rough seedbed

After weed eradication double ploughing and double planking is also good for

preparation of seedbed

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Seed rate Pure and healthy seed, with germination rate of 85%, is used at the

rate of 30-35kg /acre gives good yield

Seed treatment Barley is vulnerable to diseases such as loose smut, rust, Fusarium

wilt and leaf blight, hence the seed should be treated with

suitable fungicide after consulting the local Extension Department.

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Method of sowing

Barley can be sown like wheat with drill, kera, pora,

broadcast method.

For broadcasting method, seed is soaked in water for 4 to

6 hors.

Seed drill & kera method is best for dry soil

R×R distance = 20-40 cm

Depth = 4 cm (humid), 7 cm in (semi-arid)

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Time of sowing Rain fed areas = 15 Oct. – 10 Nov.

Irrigated areas = 1st Nov - 25 Nov.

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Irrigation• 2-3 irrigations are required

• 1st irrigation should be applied at 12-18 days of germination

• 2nd at tillering & grain development stages

• In case of rains irrigation water can be reduced or delayed

weeding

Barley is strong competitor of weed

Weeding is usually not required

But to get better yield eradication of weeds can be done

by hand, hoeing or use of weedicides.

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Chemical fertilizers

Barley has required fertilizer in half quantity as compared

to wheat

The use of 1 bag of DAP and 1 bag of Urea will increase

the number of grains per ear which will increase yield.

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

N P K

32 kg/acre 23 kg/acre 0

Harvesting

It should be harvested as soon as it gains physiological

maturity

It’s harvesting starts during the mid of March & continues

till the end of May

It can be harvested with the same thresher which is used

for wheat

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Cultivars & Yield

Expected yield ; 25-30 monds/acre

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Area

KPK

Sindh & Punjab

Arid regions

Cultivars

Frontier-87

Clipper Barley-dwarf Tj-70 Neelam

Haider-93 PK-30046 PK-30118 PK-30109

International statusCountries Production

Russia 17.9

France 12.9

Germany 12.3

Ukraine 11.8

Canada 9.5

Australia 8.1

Turkey 7.3

United Kingdom 6.8

United States 4.9

Poland 4.0

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Total 152 MMT

Nutrition facts

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

%age of nutrients per 100 g diet

calories carbohydrates suger 4th Qtr

Carbohydrates

CaloriesSugar

VitaminsVitamins

Vit A Vit C Calcium Iron others

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Vitamin A

Vitamin C

Calcium

Iron

Others

Business opportunities

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Barley can be used as melting business

It can be widely used in processing industries

Import & export is also a business deficient and abundant

countries

Brewing industries

Medicinal companies

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Thank You !!!Credit goes to ; Tuqir , Sufyan & Kashi

Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan

Questions ?