production technology of barley
TRANSCRIPT
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Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan
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Barley
Hordeum vulgare
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Introduction
Barley is a rabbi cereal grain crop
Ranked 4th in cereal
Locally called “Jao”(Urdu)
Old English word “Beare”
Latin word Farine “flour”
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History & Origin
Barley was one of the first agricultural domesticates together with wheat, peas etc.
Being grown by babylians , Chinese
Originated in Asia & Ethiopia.
Production started in Mesopotamia
Earliest remains reported in 8000 BC in Iran
Staple food of ancient Egypt
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Crop botany
Family poaceae
Self pollinated
Monocot
Diploid with 14 chromosome
Infloresencence is spike
Has short duration than wheat
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Botanical classification
Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Spermatophyta
Class Monocotyledons
order Cyperales
family Poaceae
genus Hordeun
specie hordeumvulgar
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Importance
HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (PBUH) PRESCRIBED BARLEY
FOR 7 DISEASES
ANIMAL FEED
HEALTHY FOOD
BAKERY PRODUCTS
BEVERAGES
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Health benefits of barley
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National Production
Area 84100ha
Production 71400tons
Yield 0.85tons/ha
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Locality & Soil It is adopted in temperate regions
Optimum temperature for its growth is 15-20 Celsius
Chilling requirement: Needed low temperature for flowering
200-250 mm rainfall needed for barley production
More dependent crop under salt & drought
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Seedbed preparation Barley is adopted to wide range of soils such as less fertile, fertile, or sandy
soils
To prepare soil for barley , plough field with a deep plough twice with
sub-soiler or chisel plough and then level the field by planking
Barley can also be planted on rough seedbed
After weed eradication double ploughing and double planking is also good for
preparation of seedbed
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Seed rate Pure and healthy seed, with germination rate of 85%, is used at the
rate of 30-35kg /acre gives good yield
Seed treatment Barley is vulnerable to diseases such as loose smut, rust, Fusarium
wilt and leaf blight, hence the seed should be treated with
suitable fungicide after consulting the local Extension Department.
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Method of sowing
Barley can be sown like wheat with drill, kera, pora,
broadcast method.
For broadcasting method, seed is soaked in water for 4 to
6 hors.
Seed drill & kera method is best for dry soil
R×R distance = 20-40 cm
Depth = 4 cm (humid), 7 cm in (semi-arid)
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Time of sowing Rain fed areas = 15 Oct. – 10 Nov.
Irrigated areas = 1st Nov - 25 Nov.
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Irrigation• 2-3 irrigations are required
• 1st irrigation should be applied at 12-18 days of germination
• 2nd at tillering & grain development stages
• In case of rains irrigation water can be reduced or delayed
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weeding
Barley is strong competitor of weed
Weeding is usually not required
But to get better yield eradication of weeds can be done
by hand, hoeing or use of weedicides.
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Chemical fertilizers
Barley has required fertilizer in half quantity as compared
to wheat
The use of 1 bag of DAP and 1 bag of Urea will increase
the number of grains per ear which will increase yield.
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N P K
32 kg/acre 23 kg/acre 0
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Harvesting
It should be harvested as soon as it gains physiological
maturity
It’s harvesting starts during the mid of March & continues
till the end of May
It can be harvested with the same thresher which is used
for wheat
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Cultivars & Yield
Expected yield ; 25-30 monds/acre
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Area
KPK
Sindh & Punjab
Arid regions
Cultivars
Frontier-87
Clipper Barley-dwarf Tj-70 Neelam
Haider-93 PK-30046 PK-30118 PK-30109
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International statusCountries Production
Russia 17.9
France 12.9
Germany 12.3
Ukraine 11.8
Canada 9.5
Australia 8.1
Turkey 7.3
United Kingdom 6.8
United States 4.9
Poland 4.0
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Total 152 MMT
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Nutrition facts
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%age of nutrients per 100 g diet
calories carbohydrates suger 4th Qtr
Carbohydrates
CaloriesSugar
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VitaminsVitamins
Vit A Vit C Calcium Iron others
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Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Calcium
Iron
Others
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Business opportunities
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Barley can be used as melting business
It can be widely used in processing industries
Import & export is also a business deficient and abundant
countries
Brewing industries
Medicinal companies
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Prepared by ; Touqeer Yazdan
Thank You !!!Credit goes to ; Tuqir , Sufyan & Kashi
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Questions ?