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A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492

A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492

Earlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations

1. Islam & the Spice Trade Silk Road

2. New Player Europe

Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271

Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.

Better seaworthy ships.

Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration

Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration

1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.

2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.

3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.

4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.

5. Technological advances.

6. Fame and fortune.

THE THREE G’S of THE THREE G’S of ExplorationExploration

• GOLD

• GLORY

• GOD

New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies

Hartman Astrolabe

(1532)

Better Maps [Portulan]

Sextant

Mariner’s Compass

New Weapons and New Weapons and TechnologyTechnology

New Weapons and New Weapons and TechnologyTechnology

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages

First Encounter

• 1492 Columbus sailed ocean blue.

• Looking for India, he landed in West Indies in Caribbean.

• Raped & pillaged

• Took all resources to Spain.

Were Conquistadors motivated by Gold, Glory, or God? Explain your choice.

• Spanish soldiers Spanish soldiers

• Came to Came to conquerconquer!!

• Accompanied by members of Accompanied by members of the Catholic Church to convert the Catholic Church to convert Native AmericansNative Americans

Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Montezuma Montezuma Montezuma Montezuma

vsvs..

vsvs..

TenochtitlanTenochtitlan

• Capital of the Aztec Empire • Hernando Cortes finds it in 1520’s• Montezuma thinks Cortes is a God and gives him

gold• Cortes – 600 soldiers Aztecs – 150,000 – 300,000

people….How did they lose?

The Death of The Death of MontezumaMontezuma

The Death of The Death of MontezumaMontezuma

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez

Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez

• Europeans brought smallpox, tuberculosis and measles

• Unintentional

• Natives had no resistance

• Millions died

– 80% of the Native population

GERMS!

SMALL POX SMALL POX

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:

The The IncasIncas

AtahualpaAtahualpa

vsvs..

Spanish Pattern of Spanish Pattern of ConquestConquest

• Step 1: Live among the people • Step 2: Impose upon them your

culture • Step 3: Marry their women• Step 4: Force your religion on them • Step 5: Make them work for you

(Ecomienda)• Ecomienda was eventually

abolished by Spanish Government in 1542.

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization

Explorers Conquistadores

Mission

arie

s

PermanentSettlers

OfficialEuropeanColony!

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem

PeninsularPeninsulareses

(Spanish Born)(Spanish Born)

CreolesCreoles(White Person (White Person born in New born in New

World – World – Spanish Spanish Descent)Descent)MestizosMestizos

(Mix of (Mix of Spanish/Indian)Spanish/Indian)

MulattMulattosos

(Mix of (Mix of Spanish Spanish

and Black)and Black)

Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas

Juan Ponce de Leon Juan Ponce de Leon goes to Floridagoes to Florida

Spain in AmericaSpain in America

• Fighting Indians, lack of food, resources, and money force Spain to leave Florida in 1562.

• Within months France comes to FL • Spain comes back – forces France

out – est. St. Augustine in 1565 • Build Christian Missions and forts

in the Southwest • Est. presidios in Southwest and

force Native Americans to congregacions

If Spain had never explored the New

World…• 1

• 2

• 3

• Explain why it is important to study the Spanish Conquest of the New World

• 1st Colonial Empire Europe Produced in the New World

• Biggest Colonial Empire since the fall of Rome

• Wealthiest Colonial Empire

• 16th Cen – Spain is most powerful.

Bartolome de las Casas – First Defender of Native Americans • Rushed to see Columbus

when he was 9 years old • Conquistador

– Voyaged to Americas (Haiti and Dominican Republic)

– Managed slaves and trained to be a priest to convert Native Americans and earned wealth

• Change of Heart – 1513 Cuban Massacre: Saw

Spanish massacre Native Americans that welcomed them

– Urged people to give up Indian Slaves and pay back money

– 1537 – Pope wrote Native Americans are free humans

– 1542 – Charles V banned Indian Slavery

Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion

Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion1. Native populations ravaged by

disease.

2. Influx of gold

3. New products introduced across the continents

4. Deepened colonial rivalries.