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A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
A Map of the Known A Map of the Known World,World, pre- 1492pre- 1492
Earlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier ExplorationsEarlier Explorations
1. Islam & the Spice Trade Silk Road
2. New Player Europe
Nicolo, Maffeo, & Marco Polo, 1271
Expansion becomes a state enterprise monarchs had the authority & the resources.
Better seaworthy ships.
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
Motives for European Motives for European ExplorationExploration
1. Crusades by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia.
2. Renaissance curiosity about other lands and peoples.
3. Reformation refugees & missionaries.
4. Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue.
5. Technological advances.
6. Fame and fortune.
THE THREE G’S of THE THREE G’S of ExplorationExploration
• GOLD
• GLORY
• GOD
New Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologiesNew Maritime New Maritime TechnologiesTechnologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
New Weapons and New Weapons and TechnologyTechnology
New Weapons and New Weapons and TechnologyTechnology
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus [1451-1506][1451-1506]
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
Columbus’ Four Columbus’ Four VoyagesVoyages
First Encounter
• 1492 Columbus sailed ocean blue.
• Looking for India, he landed in West Indies in Caribbean.
• Raped & pillaged
• Took all resources to Spain.
Were Conquistadors motivated by Gold, Glory, or God? Explain your choice.
• Spanish soldiers Spanish soldiers
• Came to Came to conquerconquer!!
• Accompanied by members of Accompanied by members of the Catholic Church to convert the Catholic Church to convert Native AmericansNative Americans
Fernando CortezFernando CortezFernando CortezFernando Cortez
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs
Montezuma Montezuma Montezuma Montezuma
vsvs..
vsvs..
TenochtitlanTenochtitlan
• Capital of the Aztec Empire • Hernando Cortes finds it in 1520’s• Montezuma thinks Cortes is a God and gives him
gold• Cortes – 600 soldiers Aztecs – 150,000 – 300,000
people….How did they lose?
The Death of The Death of MontezumaMontezuma
The Death of The Death of MontezumaMontezuma
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez
Mexico Surrenders to Mexico Surrenders to CortezCortez
• Europeans brought smallpox, tuberculosis and measles
• Unintentional
• Natives had no resistance
• Millions died
– 80% of the Native population
GERMS!
SMALL POX SMALL POX
Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
The First Spanish The First Spanish Conquests:Conquests:
The The IncasIncas
AtahualpaAtahualpa
vsvs..
Spanish Pattern of Spanish Pattern of ConquestConquest
• Step 1: Live among the people • Step 2: Impose upon them your
culture • Step 3: Marry their women• Step 4: Force your religion on them • Step 5: Make them work for you
(Ecomienda)• Ecomienda was eventually
abolished by Spanish Government in 1542.
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Cycle of Conquest & Cycle of Conquest & ColonizationColonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
The Colonial Class The Colonial Class SystemSystem
PeninsularPeninsulareses
(Spanish Born)(Spanish Born)
CreolesCreoles(White Person (White Person born in New born in New
World – World – Spanish Spanish Descent)Descent)MestizosMestizos
(Mix of (Mix of Spanish/Indian)Spanish/Indian)
MulattMulattosos
(Mix of (Mix of Spanish Spanish
and Black)and Black)
Native IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack Slaves
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
European Empires in the European Empires in the AmericasAmericas
Juan Ponce de Leon Juan Ponce de Leon goes to Floridagoes to Florida
Spain in AmericaSpain in America
• Fighting Indians, lack of food, resources, and money force Spain to leave Florida in 1562.
• Within months France comes to FL • Spain comes back – forces France
out – est. St. Augustine in 1565 • Build Christian Missions and forts
in the Southwest • Est. presidios in Southwest and
force Native Americans to congregacions
If Spain had never explored the New
World…• 1
• 2
• 3
• Explain why it is important to study the Spanish Conquest of the New World
• 1st Colonial Empire Europe Produced in the New World
• Biggest Colonial Empire since the fall of Rome
• Wealthiest Colonial Empire
• 16th Cen – Spain is most powerful.
Bartolome de las Casas – First Defender of Native Americans • Rushed to see Columbus
when he was 9 years old • Conquistador
– Voyaged to Americas (Haiti and Dominican Republic)
– Managed slaves and trained to be a priest to convert Native Americans and earned wealth
• Change of Heart – 1513 Cuban Massacre: Saw
Spanish massacre Native Americans that welcomed them
– Urged people to give up Indian Slaves and pay back money
– 1537 – Pope wrote Native Americans are free humans
– 1542 – Charles V banned Indian Slavery
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion
Impact of European Impact of European ExpansionExpansion1. Native populations ravaged by
disease.
2. Influx of gold
3. New products introduced across the continents
4. Deepened colonial rivalries.