pregnancy diagnosis in cow and buffalo...
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Dr Hany Lotfi
Pregnancy diagnosis in cow and
buffalo cow
Dr Hany Lotfi
Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig uinveristy
Dr Hany Lotfi
Is it necessary to diagnose pregnancy ?
Pregnant Non pregnant
Optimum management for the
pregnant animal
Avoid application of abortogenic
drugs
Improve reproductive efficiency and profitability of
commercial dairy farms.
Handling the animal to be
pregnant as quickly as possible
Dr Hany Lotfi
Charater of the pregnancy detection technique
1- Accurate
Sensitive (i.e., correctly identify pregnant animals)
Specific (i.e., correctly identify nonpregnant animals)
2- Determine the pregnancy as early as possible
( without induction of early embryonic death)
6- Able to determine pregnancy status at the time the test is
performed
4- Inexpensive
5- Simple to conduct under field conditions
3- Have the ability to age the conceptus
Dr Hany Lotfi
Method of pregnancy diagnosis
General idea of different methods for pregnancy diagnosis
Detection of the presence of the fetus or the fatal
membrane directly (Rectal palpation, Ultrasonography,
auscultation of the fetal hart beat) or indirectly ( by
dectiion of any component secreted by the placenta or
the fetus in blood or body secretion)
Dr Hany Lotfi
1- History
1- It may be pathological anestrum
2- Some pregnant animal may show estrus symptom
4- The animal may be pregnant without history of
previous breeding
The history is important to detect the proper time at which
the veterinarian can interfere to diagnose pregnancy by
different methods
3- Low estrous detection efficiency
Dr Hany Lotfi
4- Assessment of milk or serum progesterone
Can only be used with known AI or breeding dates
and the test cannot be done randomly in a herd.
Dr Hany Lotfi
Specificity (100%)
Technical errors only may result in false -ve
Sensitivity is low (many false +ve)
- Pathological structure secreting progesterone
( persisatnt CL or lutean cyst)
- Embryonic death after maternal recognition
- Incorrect time of insemination
- Cows with short and long cycles
Dr Hany Lotfi
5- Detection of Pregnancy Associated proteins
- Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG) (15 to 35
days in gestation)
- Pregnancy specific protein (PSP) around 30 days
- Early pregnancy factor (EPF) (24 to 48 h after
fertilization)
Dr Hany Lotfi
6- Transrectal Palpation
Idea
It depend up on
detection of
pregnancy associated
changes in genital
tract (ovary, cervix,
uterus and its
vasscular supply)
Dr Hany Lotfi
Chorion
Allantochorion
(Chorioallantois)
Cotyledon
Amniotic Cavity
Allantoamnion
Yolk
Sack
Allantois
Cavity
Fetal Cotyledon
Maternal Caruncle
III- Uterine changes
Dr Hany Lotfi
4- Uterine content A- Fetus
Gestation Length (days) Finger Widths cm
35 1/2 0.7
42 1 1.5
48 2 3.5
53 3 5.5
58 4 7.5
62 Handless thumb 9.0
65 Hand and thumb 10.5
Amniotic vesicle
No1
No2
Dr Hany Lotfi
2 months Size of a mouse
3 months Size of a rat
4 month Small cat
5 months Large cat
6 months a Beagle dog.
Dr Hany Lotfi
B- Fetal membrane
Endometrial caruncle
Cotyledon Intercotyledonary space
Placentome
Fetal CotyledonMaternal Caruncle
Dr Hany Lotfi
Palpation of the placentome
75 days pea size
100 dime
115 nickel
125 quarter
150 half dollar
> 150 variable movie
Dr Hany Lotfi
IV- Changes in middle uterine artery
Movie
Hyperatrophy Thrilling, Buzz, whirr Fremitus
Dr Hany Lotfi
Estimation of stage of pregnancy by rectal palpation
Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet. Ipisi Contra.
30d * Intrapelvic
or abd.
* Cl.
* Intrapelvic or
at pelvic brim
* Movable
* Slight
enlarg +.
(dorsal
bulging)
* Slight
asymet+.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic
or
• abd
(retractable).
+ ve - ve + ve - ve - Ve - Ve
45d * Intrapelvic
or abd.
* Cl.
* Intrapelvic or
at pelvic brim
* Movable
* enlarg ++.
(dorsal
bulging)
* Slight
asymet++.
*Thinning ++
* Fluct. ++
• Intrapelvic
or
• abd
(retractable).
+ ve - ve + ve - ve - Ve - Ve
60d * Intrapelvic
or abd.
* Cl.
* Intrapelvic or
at pelvic brim
* Movable
• enlarg
+++
Pregnant
horn
distended
with FF
* asymet +++.
*Thinning ++
* Fluct. ++
• Intrapelvic
or
• abd
(retractable).
+ ve - ve ± ve - ve - Ve - Ve
Dr Hany Lotfi
Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet. Ipisi Contra.
90 d *at pelvic
brim or
abd.
* Cl.
* Intrapelvic or
at pelvic brim
* Movable
• Pelvic brim
• abd
(retractable).
+ ve
Non G.H
- ve - ve Rat - Ve - Ve
120 d * at pelvic brim
* Movable
• * abd (non
retractable).
Not
important
2.5 x1.5
Nickle
- ve Small cat + Ve
8mm
- VeNon
reachable
150 d * at pelvic brim
* Fixed strong
arm sring
• * abd (you
can reach
the most
caudal part
only).
Not
important
3x2
Half dollar
- ve Difficult
to be
palpated
++ Ve
1cm
±VeNon
reachable
180 d * at pelvic brim
* Fixed strong
arm sring
• * abd (you
can reach
the most
caudal part
only).
Not
important
4x3 - ve Difficult
to be
palpated
+++ Ve
1.3cm
+Ve
1cm
Non
reachable
* Increase on
the size and
softer in
texture
Dr Hany Lotfi
Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet. Ipisi Contra.
210 d * at pelvic brim
* Fixed strong
arm sring
* abd (you
can reach
the most
caudal part
only).
Not
important
5x4 - ve Difficult
to be
palpated
Continuous
blood flow
++Ve
1cm
Non
reachable
* Increase on
the size and
softer in
texture
240 d * at pelvic brim
* Fixed strong
arm sring
* abd (you
can reach
dorsal
surface)
Not
important
6x5 - ve Fetal part
can be
palpated
Continuous
blood flowNon
reachable
* Increase on
the size and
softer in
texture
270 d * at pelvic brim
* Fixed strong
arm sring
* abd (you
can reach
dorsal
surface)
Not
important
8x5 - ve Fetal part
can be
palpated
Continuous
blood flowNon
reachable
* Increase on
the size and
softer in
texture
Movie Movie
Dr Hany Lotfi
Summary for pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation
Pregnancy diagnosis in
intrapelvis or retractable uterus
Pregnancy diagnosis in non
retractable uterus
1- Feel the uterus for asymmetry
2- Feel the uterus for the amniotic
vesicle, the fetal membrane slip,
or the fetus
1- Try to slip anterior to the cervix
2- Try to feel for a fetus or
Placnetome
3- Palpate the middle utreine artery
for hypertrophy and fremitus
Dr Hany Lotfi
The Golden Rules of Rectal Pregnancy Exam
1. Pregnancy determination should be the first step of the genital
examination. And do not treat a cow for any reproductive disorder
unless you are certain that the animal is non-pregnant.
2. No animal should be classified as non-pregnant unless the uterus
has been retracted and both uterine horns are examined their
entire length.
3. No animal should be classified as pregnant unless at least one
positive sign of pregnancy is recognized
4. If you cannot reach to proper decision re-examine the cow at a
later date even you are experienced person .
Dr Hany Lotfi
Stage Uterine
Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
30 - 45d * Slight enlarg +.
(dorsal bulging)
* Slight asymet +.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
+ ve - ve + ve - ve
Differential diagnosis
3rd degree
endometritis
* Slight enlarg +.
(homogenous)
* No asymet.
* Thick wall
*doughy
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
- ve - ve - ve - ve
Stage Uterine
Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
60-90 days * enlargement
* asymet +++.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
+ ve - ve ± ve ± ve
pyometra* enlarg +.
(homogenous)
* Mostly symet.
* Thick wall
*doughy
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
- ve - ve - ve - ve
Dr Hany Lotfi
Stage Uterine
Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
30-90day * enlarged
* asymet +.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
+ ve - ve ± ve ±ve
Hyro, muco
metra
* enlarged
* Sym or Asymet.
* thin wall
*Fluctuate
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
- ve - ve - ve - ve
Stage Uterine
Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
60-90 days * enlargement
* assem +++.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
+ ve - ve + ve ± ve
Tumor * enlarg +.
(localized)
* Mostly Asymet.
* Thick wall
localized)
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
- ve - ve - ve - ve
Dr Hany Lotfi
Stage Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
90day * enlarged
* asymet +.
*Thinning ++
* Fluct. ++
• Intrapelvic or
abdominal
+ ve - ve - ve +ve
Distended
bladder* No biforcation
* Large sac. * Thin wall
* Fluct.++
• Intrapelvic or - ve - ve - ve - ve
Stage Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.
slip.
fetus
Placen. A.V Fet.
90 days * enlargement
* asymet +++.
*Thinning +
* Fluct. +
• Intrapelvic or
• abd (retractable).
+ ve - ve - ve + ve
Ruminal
Sac
* Large Sac
* No biforcation
* Thick wall • Intrapelvic but
can be pouched
to abd
- ve - ve - ve - ve
* According to
content
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