pregnancy diagnosis in cow and buffalo...

Dr Hany Lotfi

Pregnancy diagnosis in cow and

buffalo cow

Dr Hany Lotfi

Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig uinveristy

Dr Hany Lotfi

Is it necessary to diagnose pregnancy ?

Pregnant Non pregnant

Optimum management for the

pregnant animal

Avoid application of abortogenic

drugs

Improve reproductive efficiency and profitability of

commercial dairy farms.

Handling the animal to be

pregnant as quickly as possible

Dr Hany Lotfi

Charater of the pregnancy detection technique

1- Accurate

Sensitive (i.e., correctly identify pregnant animals)

Specific (i.e., correctly identify nonpregnant animals)

2- Determine the pregnancy as early as possible

( without induction of early embryonic death)

6- Able to determine pregnancy status at the time the test is

performed

4- Inexpensive

5- Simple to conduct under field conditions

3- Have the ability to age the conceptus

Dr Hany Lotfi

Method of pregnancy diagnosis

General idea of different methods for pregnancy diagnosis

Detection of the presence of the fetus or the fatal

membrane directly (Rectal palpation, Ultrasonography,

auscultation of the fetal hart beat) or indirectly ( by

dectiion of any component secreted by the placenta or

the fetus in blood or body secretion)

Dr Hany Lotfi

1- History

1- It may be pathological anestrum

2- Some pregnant animal may show estrus symptom

4- The animal may be pregnant without history of

previous breeding

The history is important to detect the proper time at which

the veterinarian can interfere to diagnose pregnancy by

different methods

3- Low estrous detection efficiency

Dr Hany Lotfi

2- External sings

Dr Hany Lotfi

3- External ballottement of the fetus

Dr Hany Lotfi

4- Assessment of milk or serum progesterone

Can only be used with known AI or breeding dates

and the test cannot be done randomly in a herd.

Dr Hany Lotfi

Specificity (100%)

Technical errors only may result in false -ve

Sensitivity is low (many false +ve)

- Pathological structure secreting progesterone

( persisatnt CL or lutean cyst)

- Embryonic death after maternal recognition

- Incorrect time of insemination

- Cows with short and long cycles

Dr Hany Lotfi

5- Detection of Pregnancy Associated proteins

- Pregnancy Associated Glycoproteins (PAG) (15 to 35

days in gestation)

- Pregnancy specific protein (PSP) around 30 days

- Early pregnancy factor (EPF) (24 to 48 h after

fertilization)

Dr Hany Lotfi

6- Transrectal Palpation

Idea

It depend up on

detection of

pregnancy associated

changes in genital

tract (ovary, cervix,

uterus and its

vasscular supply)

Dr Hany Lotfi

I- Ovarian changes

1- Finding

Dr Hany Lotfi

2- Position

1 month

3 month

4-5 month

Dr Hany Lotfi

II- Cervical changes

Dr Hany Lotfi

Chorion

Allantochorion

(Chorioallantois)

Cotyledon

Amniotic Cavity

Allantoamnion

Yolk

Sack

Allantois

Cavity

Fetal Cotyledon

Maternal Caruncle

III- Uterine changes

Dr Hany Lotfi

37d 60d

105d 150d

1- Size and symmetricity 2- Wall and content

Dr Hany Lotfi

3- Position

70 d 90 d

120 d 150 d

Dr Hany Lotfi

180 d Near the full term

Dr Hany Lotfi

4- Uterine content A- Fetus

Gestation Length (days) Finger Widths cm

35 1/2 0.7

42 1 1.5

48 2 3.5

53 3 5.5

58 4 7.5

62 Handless thumb 9.0

65 Hand and thumb 10.5

Amniotic vesicle

No1

No2

AV_FMS.mpeg

AV_FMS_Disected.mpeg

Dr Hany Lotfi

Fetus

Dr Hany Lotfi

2 months Size of a mouse

3 months Size of a rat

4 month Small cat

5 months Large cat

6 months a Beagle dog.

Dr Hany Lotfi

B- Fetal membrane

Endometrial caruncle

Cotyledon Intercotyledonary space

Placentome

Fetal CotyledonMaternal Caruncle

Dr Hany Lotfi

Fetal membrane slip

No1

AV_FMS.mpeg

Dr Hany Lotfi

Palpation of the placentome

75 days pea size

100 dime

115 nickel

125 quarter

150 half dollar

> 150 variable movie

pregnancy.mov

Dr Hany Lotfi

IV- Changes in middle uterine artery

Movie

Hyperatrophy Thrilling, Buzz, whirr Fremitus

thrill.mp4

Dr Hany Lotfi

Estimation of stage of pregnancy by rectal palpation

Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.

slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet. Ipisi Contra.

30d * Intrapelvic

or abd.

* Cl.

* Intrapelvic or

at pelvic brim

* Movable

* Slight

enlarg +.

(dorsal

bulging)

* Slight

asymet+.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic

or

• abd

(retractable).

+ ve - ve + ve - ve - Ve - Ve

45d * Intrapelvic

or abd.

* Cl.

* Intrapelvic or

at pelvic brim

* Movable

* enlarg ++.

(dorsal

bulging)

* Slight

asymet++.

*Thinning ++

* Fluct. ++

• Intrapelvic

or

• abd

(retractable).

+ ve - ve + ve - ve - Ve - Ve

60d * Intrapelvic

or abd.

* Cl.

* Intrapelvic or

at pelvic brim

* Movable

• enlarg

+++

Pregnant

horn

distended

with FF

* asymet +++.

*Thinning ++

* Fluct. ++

• Intrapelvic

or

• abd

(retractable).

+ ve - ve ± ve - ve - Ve - Ve

Dr Hany Lotfi

Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA position FM.

slip.

fetus


90 d *at pelvic

brim or

abd.

* Cl.

* Intrapelvic or

at pelvic brim

* Movable

• Pelvic brim

• abd

(retractable).

+ ve

Non G.H

- ve - ve Rat - Ve - Ve

120 d * at pelvic brim

* Movable

• * abd (non

retractable).

Not

important

2.5 x1.5

Nickle

- ve Small cat + Ve

8mm

- VeNon

reachable


* Fixed strong

arm sring

• * abd (you

can reach

the most

caudal part

only).

Not

important

3x2

Half dollar

- ve Difficult

to be

palpated

++ Ve

1cm

±VeNon

reachable


* Fixed strong

arm sring

• * abd (you

can reach

the most

caudal part

only).

Not

important

4x3 - ve Difficult

to be

palpated

+++ Ve

1.3cm

+Ve

1cm

Non

reachable

* Increase on

the size and

softer in

texture

Dr Hany Lotfi

Stage Ovarian Cervical Uterine MUA position FM.

slip.

fetus



* Fixed strong

arm sring

* abd (you

can reach

the most

caudal part

only).

Not

important

5x4 - ve Difficult

to be

palpated

Continuous

blood flow

++Ve

1cm

Non

reachable

* Increase on

the size and

softer in

texture


* Fixed strong

arm sring

* abd (you

can reach

dorsal

surface)

Not

important

6x5 - ve Fetal part

can be

palpated

Continuous

blood flowNon

reachable

* Increase on

the size and

softer in

texture


* Fixed strong

arm sring

* abd (you

can reach

dorsal

surface)

Not

important

8x5 - ve Fetal part

can be

palpated

Continuous

blood flowNon

reachable

* Increase on

the size and

softer in

texture

Movie Movie

pregnancy diagno.mp4

pregnancy diagnosis .mp4

Dr Hany Lotfi

Summary for pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation

Pregnancy diagnosis in

intrapelvis or retractable uterus

Pregnancy diagnosis in non

retractable uterus

1- Feel the uterus for asymmetry

2- Feel the uterus for the amniotic

vesicle, the fetal membrane slip,

or the fetus

1- Try to slip anterior to the cervix

2- Try to feel for a fetus or

Placnetome

3- Palpate the middle utreine artery

for hypertrophy and fremitus

Dr Hany Lotfi

The Golden Rules of Rectal Pregnancy Exam

1. Pregnancy determination should be the first step of the genital

examination. And do not treat a cow for any reproductive disorder

unless you are certain that the animal is non-pregnant.

2. No animal should be classified as non-pregnant unless the uterus

has been retracted and both uterine horns are examined their

entire length.

3. No animal should be classified as pregnant unless at least one

positive sign of pregnancy is recognized

4. If you cannot reach to proper decision re-examine the cow at a

later date even you are experienced person .

Dr Hany Lotfi

Stage Uterine

Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.

slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

30 - 45d * Slight enlarg +.

(dorsal bulging)

* Slight asymet +.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic or

• abd (retractable).

+ ve - ve + ve - ve

Differential diagnosis

3rd degree

endometritis

* Slight enlarg +.

(homogenous)

* No asymet.

* Thick wall

*doughy

• Intrapelvic or


- ve - ve - ve - ve

Stage Uterine


slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

60-90 days * enlargement

* asymet +++.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic or


+ ve - ve ± ve ± ve

pyometra* enlarg +.

(homogenous)

* Mostly symet.

* Thick wall

*doughy

• Intrapelvic or


- ve - ve - ve - ve

Dr Hany Lotfi

Stage Uterine


slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

30-90day * enlarged

* asymet +.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic or


+ ve - ve ± ve ±ve

Hyro, muco

metra

* enlarged

* Sym or Asymet.

* thin wall

*Fluctuate

• Intrapelvic or


- ve - ve - ve - ve

Stage Uterine


slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

60-90 days * enlargement

* assem +++.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic or


+ ve - ve + ve ± ve

Tumor * enlarg +.

(localized)

* Mostly Asymet.

* Thick wall

localized)

• Intrapelvic or


- ve - ve - ve - ve

Dr Hany Lotfi

Stage Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.

slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

90day * enlarged

* asymet +.

*Thinning ++

* Fluct. ++

• Intrapelvic or

abdominal

+ ve - ve - ve +ve

Distended

bladder* No biforcation

* Large sac. * Thin wall

* Fluct.++

• Intrapelvic or - ve - ve - ve - ve

Stage Size, Ass. Wall,cont position FM.

slip.

fetus

Placen. A.V Fet.

90 days * enlargement

* asymet +++.

*Thinning +

* Fluct. +

• Intrapelvic or


+ ve - ve - ve + ve

Ruminal

Sac

* Large Sac

* No biforcation

* Thick wall • Intrapelvic but

can be pouched

to abd

- ve - ve - ve - ve

* According to

content

Dr Hany Lotfi

7- Pregnancy diagnosis by ultrasonography

Dr Hany Lotfi

embryonic vesicle

27d of gestation35d of gestation

Dr Hany Lotfi

50d

90d

skeleton of the foetus

and cotyledones visible at the top

Dr Hany Lotfi

Comparison of early pregnancy diagnosis techniques

Technique Early diagnosis Sensitivity

+ve diagnosis accuracy

Specificity

-ve diagnosis accuracy

Rectal palpation

Transrectal

ultrasound

Milk progesterone

Early pregnancy factor ++++

+++

++

+

++++

+++

++

+

++++

++++

+++

+

pregnancy diagnosis in cow and buffalo...

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