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Effect of Ocean Acidification on Tropical
Marine Ecosystems Biodiversity due to
Global Climate Change
Dérilus Dieunel
Noelia Aponte
Rohit Sharma
Yamilis Ocasio
Background and Project Relevance
Introduction
The recent increase in greenhouse gasses due to
human activities is the main cause for global climate
change.
The rise of ocean acidification due to climate change
could have significant effects in tropical marine
ecosystems biodiversity.
The slow growth and adaptation of organisms in
some marine ecosystems makes them vulnerable to
the impacts of climate change.
Background and Project Relevance
Problem
There is a need to describe the effects of
ocean acidification due to climate change
over the biodiversity of major tropical
marine ecosystems that offer diverse
economic and ecological values.
Project Description
Hypothesis
The effect of ocean acidification due to
climate change on the biodiversity of major
tropical marine ecosystems would be
detriment. We expect less species richness and
diversity. The loss of biodiversity is expected
to affect the economic and ecological
services.
Project Description
Main Goal
Determine and describe in detail the
effects that different concentrations of
ocean acidity could have over the
biodiversity of three major tropical marine
ecosystems to understand how it is
affected by climate change.
Project Description
Objectives
Laboratory scale
Create three tropical marine ecosystems: coral reefs,
mangroves and sea grasses.
Describe the effect of each level of acidity in the
richness and biodiversity of three tropical marine
ecosystems.
Global scale overview
Detail description of anthropogenic activities on
tropical marine ecosystems that could potentially
increase ocean acidification.
Methodology
Grow
• Ecosystems: Coral Reef, Mangrove, Sea Grass
• Three tanks per ecosystem
Acidify
• Three levels of acidification, including control with no acidification.
Evaluate
• Biodiversity and richness
• General characteristics
Methodology
Laboratory scale
Construct three different ecosystems at an open
laboratory facility
Use historical data to obtain average environment
conditions for each tropical marine ecosystem: coral
reefs, mangroves and sea grasses.
Grow field proportional biodiversity in each pool for
each tropical marine ecosystem: coral reefs, mangroves
and sea grasses.
Methodology
Coral Reef Ecosystem (Materials)
60 gallon acrylic saltwater fish tank
Sand substrate
Coral reef samples
Methodology
Coral Reef Ecosystem (Procedure)
Add 6 inches of sand at the bottom of tank.
Add saltwater to the tank so that the water
covers the sand by a few inches.
Put the coral reef samples in the tank.
Methodology
Coral Reef Ecosystem (Biodiversity)
Jelly fish
Mollusks
Copepod
Sea urchin
Dogfish
Red sea bream
Methodology
Mangrove Ecosystem (Red Mangroves)
Inhabit shallow saltwater areas, swamps and
lagoons.
In aquariums, the trees stay small but
contain many of the same characteristics as
the larger versions found in nature.
The root system provide filtration and a
habitat for small organisms that may grow
within the aquarium.
Methodology
Mangrove Ecosystem (Materials)
60 gallon acrylic saltwater fish tank
Sand substrate
Red mangrove seed pods
Slender PVC pipes or rigid airline tubes
Grow light or daylight spectrum light
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Methodology
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Mangrove Ecosystem (Procedure)
Add 6 inches of sand at the bottom of tank.
Add saltwater to the tank so that the water covers the
sand by a few inches.
Use gardener's tape to attach one to five seed pods to
small diameter PVC pipes.
Stick the PVC pipes with the seed pods into the sand
in the tank.
Remove the PVC pipe from the plants once the roots
begin to grow.
This process could take a few months.
Methodology
Mangrove Ecosystem (Biodiversity)
Shrimp
Mangrove crabs
Sponge
Oyster
Mud lobster
http://reefk
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Methodology
Sea Grass Ecosystem
Approximately 50 species of sea grass
worldwide, seven reported for Puerto Rico
(Vicente,1992).
The most common species for Puerto
Rico are S. filiforme, T. testudinum and H.
beaudettei.
Methodology
Sea Grass Ecosystem (Materials)
60 gallon acrylic saltwater fish tank
Sand substrate
Seagrass seeds
Biodegradable tape
Methodology
Sea Grass Ecosystem (Procedure)
Add 6 inches of sand at the bottom of tank.
Add saltwater to the tank so that the water
covers the sand by a few inches.
Spread the sea grass seeds into the sand.
Allow to grow and add nutrients if needed.
Methodology
Sea Grass Ecosystem (Biodiversity)
Rough scallop
Snapping shrimp
Common atlantic slipper snail
Gray seastar
Green sea cucumber
Methodology
Laboratory equipment
LabQuest Environmental Science Deluxe Package
Include: pH sensor, temperature probe, conductivity
probe, dissolved oxygen sensor, turbidity sensor, CO2
gas sensor, light sensor
Manufacturer: Vernier
Deluxe Koralia Wavemaker Controller and Koralia Nano
Controllable Pump
Description: wave generator
Manufacturer: Hydor Koralia
Methodology
Data collector and analysis
Powershot D10 Digital Camera
Description: waterproof, dustproof, shock resistant
Manufacturer: Canon
iMac
Description: 27in, 4GB, 1TB hard drive, 3 MG Intel Core processor
Manufacturer: Apple
SAS System Software
Methodology
Acidification Levels
Level A – Control tank – Cero acidification
Level B – pH 7.91
Level C – pH 7.76
Addition of sulfuric acid in different
concentrations to the pools to reach the different
ocean acidity concentration to be studied.
Methodology
Global scale overview
Evaluate historical data of current anthropogenic
activities and ocean acidification effects on tropical
marine ecosystems: coral reefs, mangroves and sea
grasses.
Develop future expectations for the rise in ocean
acidification levels and significant consequences on
tropical marine ecosystems: coral reefs, mangroves and
sea grasses.
Facilities
Greenhouses
Agricultural Experiment Station
South Botanical Garden
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Anticipated Benefits
Global Impact
Create awareness of the impacts of global climate
change in coastal areas and tropical marine
ecosystems.
Promote coral reef, mangrove and sea grass
conservation and restoration plans.
Anticipated Benefits
Community Activities
Organize educational workshops, symposiums and lectures
design to address scientists, students and the community to
inform about the impacts of global climate change.
Create a committee including scientists, students,
volunteers and community members to evaluate, propose
and apply preventive actions against climate change
impacts in coastal areas.
Project Leadership and Personnel
Principal Investigator - Loretta Roberson, Ph.D.
Co-Principal Investigators
Yamilis Ocasio, M.S.
Rohit Sharma, M.S.
Noelia Aponte, B.S.
Dérilus Dieunel, B.S.
Assistants
Francisco Soto
Luis Villanueva
Budget Justification
First Year
Travel expenses – boat gas and maintenance, meals
Grow expenses – 60 gal tanks, samples, seeds, fishes,
nutrients, light sensors
Laboratory equipment – analytical instruments for
chemical analysis, wave generator, digital cameras
Chemical substances and fish food
Data equipment – computer
Assistants salary
Indirect costs
Budget Justification
2nd to 5th Year
Assistants salary
Fish food
Publication costs – Research Notes
Indirect costs
Budget Justification
5th to 10th Year
Assistants salary
Fish food
Workshop and symposium, per year
Committee
Publication costs
Indirect costs
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