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"Is digital different? New trends and challenges in acquisition and collection development" IFLA Preconference Munich, 30 - 31 July 2003

Alice Keller, ETH Library Zurich

Should Consortia Replace Local Collection Development?

Should Consortia Replace Local Collection Development?

…. of course they shouldn’t!

But why not, actually?

Collections are caused to:• grow, • become larger,• more advanced.

• Good collections don’t develop by chance or coincidence, but by careful planning and selection.

Collection Development: What does it mean?

• Collections are developed along collection profiles defined by user requirements.

• The limits to collection building are– financial constraints,– available space,– resources for processing.

Collection Development: What sets the limits?

• Speaking to colleagues, financial constraints are the greatest limit to collection development: Most librarians would

agree that they should have more funds to fulfil all user requirements.

Collection Development: What sets the limits?

User requirements

Funds

Which are the Users’ Requirements?

Nice to have

Important to have

Core requirements

Which are the Users’ Requirements?Looking at E-Journals at ETH Library

E-Journal Usage: All Titles

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ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

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ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

Focussing on Journals with fewer than 100 Downloads

Focussing on Journals with more than 3’000 Downloads

• Science, Am.Assoc.Adv.Science

• Nature, Macmillan • PNAS, Nat.Acad.Sciences • Journal of Biological Chemistry,

ASBMB• Journal of the ACS, ACS• Lecture Notes in Computer

Science, Springer• Journal of Organic Chemistry,

ACS• Cell, Cell Press• Tetrahedron Letters, Elsevier• Organic Letters, ACS

• Physical Review Letters, APS• Journal of Chemical Physics, AIP• Chemical Communications, RSC• Journal of Physical Chemistry A,

ACS• Physical Review B, APS• Journal of Cell Biology, Rockefeller

Univ. Press• Biochemistry, ACS• Nature Biotechnology, Nature

America• Applied Physics Letters, AIP• Tetrahedron, Elsevier• EMBO Journal, OUP

ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

• 8,3% of the e-journals were never accessed during 2001.

• A further 53% are not accessed more than 50 times.

• 22 journals are accessed more than 3000 times.

Few journals are consulted heavily, many journals are consulted very rarely.

ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

Which are the Users’ Requirements?Looking at E-Journals at ETH Library

Which are the Users’ Requirements?Looking at Databases

• 34% of all accesses are to one database alone.

• 60% of all accesses are to the top 5 databases.

ETH Library, 80 databases with usage statistics, 12 months 2002

Which are the Users’ Requirements?

Nice to have

Important to have

Core requirements

Which are the Users’ Requirements?

What Would Consortia Ideally Include?

Consortium

What Do Consortia Usually Offer?

Consortium

• Financial advantages• Extension of library

collection• Inclusion of new

material Cross Access Additional Access

Consortium Consortium

Consortia - Advantages

• Consortia – especially Big Deals – offer a slice through all zones.

Consortium Consortium

Consortia - Facts

All 3 Consortia (Springer, AP, SciDirect)

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Journal in print collection Increased collection

Advantages of Big Deals: More Titles

ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

All 3 Consortia (Springer, AP, SciDirect)

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Journal in print collection Article Cross Access

Advantages of Big Deals: Cross Access

ETH Library, 3’000 e-journals, 12 months 2001

Consortium Consortium

• Less money left for other materials.

• Consortia “dilute” collection profile.

Consortia - Disadvantages

Consortium Consortium

Consortia - Disadvantages

Collection Development in a Consortial Environment

Collection Development in a Consortial Environment

Academic Libraries of the Future?

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Academic Libraries of the Future?

The Journal That Ate the Library

The Consortium That Ate the Library

GASCO

The Consortium That Ate the Library

GASCO

The Consortium That Ate the Library

Big Deal

Getting Things Right

• It is not consortia, but Big Deals, that are replacing local collection development.

Consortia Big Deals=?

Big Deals– Offer desirable short-term benefits and expanded

information access for users.– On the long run they will weaken the power of

librarians. – Librarians will lose the opportunity to shape the

content or quality of journal literature.

Short-term institutional benefits are achieved at long-term expense of the academic community.

(K. Frazier, 2001)

Getting Things Right: Big Deals

• Consortia – not Big Deals – mark the beginning of a new form of in-depth library cooperation.

• Consortia involve sharing of resources in many areas:

• collection building• computing expertise• server infrastructure• digital preservation• management of electronic resources• increased purchasing power

Getting Things Right: Consortia

New Opportunities for Consortia

• Consortia should be seen as a new hub of in-depth library collaboration in the area of collection development.

• Looking beyond licensing of commercial products:A consortium can act as an ideal nucleus for

innovative forms of library co-operation. This can include building up document

servers, launching digital archives or digitising material.

Finding the Right Partners

• Alliances are powerful tools for a competitive advantage.

• However, consortia are mostly formed on a regional/national basis.

• Powerful consortia should be alliances based on: common interests (e.g. subject areas) strategic or political goals (e.g. coalition of

large libraries of a city) technical co-operations (e.g. common IT

infrastructure)

The Final End

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