power supply and cooling chapter 4 release 22/10/2010powered by dj
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Power Supply and Cooling
Chapter 4
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 2 of 34Chapter 4
Objectives
Discuss the power supply unitDiscuss power supply components and
connectorsDiscuss cooling devices for the systemTroubleshooting SMPS
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 3 of 34Chapter 4
Power Supply
Accepts the Alternate Current (AC) supply from the power socket in the wall and converts the AC supply to the Direct Current (DC). Now a days power supplies are available in the range of 250W to 400W
Supplies 3.3V, 5V, and 12V to the different components of the system
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Disk Drive Connectors
Motherboard Connector
Power Plug
Power Supply Fan
Cover
Slide 4 of 34Chapter 4
Functions of the Power Supply
Converts AC to DC to supply various components
Generates high-frequency signals during the electric current conversion from AC to DC
Packed in a metal box to prevent damage to system due to high-frequency signals
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 5 of 34Chapter 4
Output Voltages
Various voltages provided by the power supply are:• -12 V (Blue) – required by some of the serial ports
• -5 V (White) – required by some older floppy controllers and ISA bus cards
• 0 V (Black) - ground
• +3.3 V (Orange) – required by processor, DIMMs, PCI/AGP cards
• +5 V (Red) – required by voltage regulators, ISA cards, SIMMs and disk drive logic
• +12 V (Yellow) – used by drive motors and cooling fans
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Slide 6 of 34Chapter 4
Power Supply Control Signals
Power supplies are operated using different control signals
Different control signals are:• PG Signal (5V Grey)
• Power-On (PS_ON) (5V Green)
• +5VSB (Violet) – Always on when AC power input is active, even if the system is turned off
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 7 of 34Chapter 4
Question for GD Time Limit – 3 Mins
What are the different control signals of a SMPS?
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Sl. Control Signals1
2
3
Slide 8 of 34Chapter 4
Form Factors of Power Supply – I
Represents size and shape of the power supply
Must match the form factor of the system case and the motherboard
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Slide 9 of 34Chapter 4
Form Factors of Power Supply – II
Different Form Factors• Advanced Technology Extended (ATX) –
Uses NLX power supply. Does not have a power outlet to connect to monitor.
• New Low Profile Extended (NLX) - NLX motherboard also uses a riser board for the expansion of bus slots and uses true ATX power supplies.
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Slide 10 of 34Chapter 4
Form Factors of Power Supply – III
• Small Form Factor Extended (SFX) – Has two fans to cool the whole system. The output of SFX power supply unit is 90W and is used on smaller systems that do not require a lot of power.
• Low Profile Extended (LPX) - Is also known as slimline form factors because its cases are known as slimline cases. The main goal of this form factor is size reduction.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 11 of 34Chapter 4
Question for GD Time Limit – 4 Mins
What is the significance of form factor on designing the SMPS?
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Slide 12 of 34Chapter 4
Components of the Power Supply
Power supply unit consists of different functional components
Different components of the power supply are:• Power Connectors• Power supply Fans
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Slide 13 of 34Chapter 4
Power Connectors – I
Electrical connector used to carry DC or low frequency AC power Connectors carrying small amount of power are called signal
connectors
Types of connectors
AT power connectors
ATX power connectors
Standard Peripheral connector
Floppy Drive power connectors
2/3 Pin Mini Plug type
connectors
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Slide 14 of 34Chapter 4
Power Connectors – II
AT Power Connector - Two 6 wire connectors named P8 & P9 which are to be connected to the mother board with black wires inside. PC/XT, AT, Baby AT and LPX form factors use AT power connectors
ATX Power Connector – 20/24 pin single connector with mainly 6 types of voltages coming out of it. ATX/NLX form factors use the ATX style power connectors
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 15 of 34Chapter 4
Question for GD Time Limit – 4 Mins
What are the different components of a power supply unit?
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Slide 16 of 34Chapter 4
Power Connectors – III
ATX Power Connector - 24 pin SMPS connector is built with ATX style of power connector.
4 additional pins number 11, 12 and 23 carry the voltage +12 V, +3.3 V and +5 V respectively. Pin number 24 is connected to the Ground.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 17 of 34Chapter 4
Power Connectors – IV
Standard Peripheral Power Connector (Molex) - Use 4 wire connectors. Hard disk drive, CD/DVD drives use this larger size connectors
Floppy Drive Power Connector (Mini/Berg) - 3.5-inch floppy disk drive use smaller size connectors, called as mini-plug
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Slide 18 of 34Chapter 4
PCI-E Connector
Is a 6 pin connector used to provide extra 12 volt power to PCI Express expansion cards. PCI Express motherboard slots can provide a maximum of 75 watts. Many video cards draw significantly more than 75 watts so the 6 pin PCI Express power cable was created.
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Slide 19 of 34Chapter 4
Question for GD Time Limit – 4 Mins
Ask the students to write down the output voltage of different color codes of SMPS?
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Slide 20 of 34Chapter 4
Power Supply Fan
Used for cooling the system Located at rear end of power
supply unitBall bearing fans are more
reliable and are long lasting as compared to sleeve bearing fans
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Slide 21 of 34Chapter 4
Factors to be considered before selecting power supply
Size – Should fit in your system caseConnectors – No. of connectors should be
moreWattage – Computers have rating between
300 – 350W and servers have rating 350 – 400W
More information:www.journeysystems.com/power_supply_calculator.php
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 22 of 34Chapter 4
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 1 in the text book:
• To install and uninstall a power supply unit in the system.
• Click on the image to run the video.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 23 of 34Chapter 4
SMPS Uninstall Video
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Click on the image to run the video.
Slide 24 of 34Chapter 4
Types of Cooling Systems - I
System produces heat while it is functioning that can damage the internal components of the system
Fans - System case and the system power supply have a fan in it that helps channel air flow in or out from the system case
Heat sink - Heat sink is used to cool the microprocessor and the other chips on the system
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 25 of 34Chapter 4
Types of Cooling Systems - II
Thermal grease or heat sink compound - Thermal paste or heat sink compound is a fluid substance with grease properties.
Liquid submersion cooling - In this system, all the computer parts are submerged in a thermally conductive liquid. This liquid must have low electrical conductivity in order to make sure that, it will not interfere the normal operation of the computer components.
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Slide 26 of 34Chapter 4
Types of Cooling Systems - III
Liquid cooling system - Liquid cooling is a radiator for the CPU. Liquid cooling system circulates a liquid through a heat sink to the processor of the computer.
Heat is transferred from the processor to the cooler liquid. This hot liquid moves out to a radiator at the back of the case. The radiator transfers the heat to open air outside the case. The cooled liquid is then transferred back to the system and the process continues.
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Slide 27 of 34Chapter 4
Question for GD Time Limit – 4 Mins
What is a cooling system and list the different types of cooling systems?
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Sl. Types of Cooling System
Slide 28 of 34Chapter 4
Air Flow
Use an ATX form factor system - Due to the flow direction of the air from the ATX power supply unit, this form factor is preferred.
Use a large system case – A larger system case allows better flow of the air in the system.
Arrange the internal components – Each component should be placed approximately ¼ inches apart from each other.
Keep the system clean –This protects the system from air blocks due to dust.
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Slide 29 of 34Chapter 4
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 2 in the text book:
• To install a system case fan.
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Slide 30 of 34Chapter 4
Troubleshooting
Various tools can be used to troubleshoot SMPS problem
Due to a faulty power supply, the components of the system may also get damaged
Problem that may occur are:• Power Supply Fan does not Work or Emits a lot of
Sound
• Before Opening SMPS
• Troubleshooting PC problems without opening SMPS
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 31 of 34Chapter 4
Practical
Perform the activity mentioned in Lab no. 3 in the text book:
• To test the SMPS before opening.• Click on the image to run the video.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 32 of 34Chapter 4
Summary – I
Power supply unit supplies power to different system components
Power supply unit converts AC current to DC current Different form factors are PC/XT, AT, Baby AT, LPX,
ATX (NLX), SFX, and WTX Different components such as power connectors and
power supply fan Heat sink compound, liquid cooling system, liquid
submersion cooling, fans and heat sinks are different types of cooling system
Troubleshooting power supply problems is also an essential task for maintaining the system
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
Slide 33 of 34Chapter 4
Explorative Work
Refer to Internet, reference books or magazine to get the information.
Do not copy the information provided in this text book. Consult your faculty for further guidance.
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
SMPS
Sl. Make WattageNo. of Molex connectors available
20/24 pin ATX Connector
Total no. of peripheral connectors
Approx. Cost
Year of Release
1
2
3
4
5
Slide 34 of 34Chapter 4
Mind Map
Draw a mind map to summarize this chapter
Release 22/10/2010 powered by dj
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