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Power Stations
D. Crowley, 2008
Power Stations
To understand how power stations generate electricity
Electricity
Electricity is supplied to the home at 230V, and this electricity is converted into other forms of energy, e.g. heat and light
Complete the worksheet working out the electricity bill between December 1st and September 1st (the top reading is the day usage, charged at 8p per unit and the bottom reading is the night usage, charged at 1.5p per unit)
Electricity
Day units = 1455 (59948 – 58493)
Night units = 500 (4984 – 4484)
Day cost = £116.40 (1455 x 8)
Night cost = £7.50 (500 x 1.5)
Overall cost = £123.90
Power Stations
Most of the electricity we use is generated from non-renewable sources of energy (coal, oil, gas and nuclear) which are burnt in a boiler releasing heat energy
This heats up water, changing it to high pressure steam
This steam drives turbines which are attached to a generator which spins around producing electricity
Smart Meters
Clipbank - News Bite
‘The Government wants every home in the UK to be fitted with new smart energy meters by 2020.’
Why do you think the Government are aiming to do this?
Power Stations
Boilers turn water into steam
Steam drives turbinesTurbines spin generators, producing electricity
Transformers modify the voltage to what is needed
Generators
Generators induce a current by spinning a coil of wire inside a magnetic field, or by spinning a magnet inside a coil of wire
As this happens, a potential difference (voltage) is produced between the ends of the coil, which causes a current to flow
One simple example of a generator is the bicycle dynamo
Power Stations
Your task is to create a poster showing how a power station works using the materials provided
For example: - Crushed carbon rods for the coal Cotton wool for the steam Straws used for turbines and pylons Etc…
High Voltage
Complete the high voltage worksheet
High Voltage
1. Radio; torch; iPod; mobile phone etc…
2. Kettles; washing machine; television; cooker etc…
3. Electricity from a cell is a much lower voltage and does not supply as much energy – mains is the opposite, having a higher voltage and supplying more energy
4. The National Grid consists of wires which carry electricity arounf the country
5. To keep energy loses as small as possible
6. A transformer is a machine which changes the voltage of the electricity
7. A factory will need more energy for the large machinery
8. Stay away from metal objects; do not shelter under isolated trees; shut yourself away in a vehicle etc…
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