plantation america a culture sphere charles wagley1
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7/27/2019 Plantation America a Culture Sphere Charles Wagley1
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•· · ~ . · SIDNEY W. MINTZ
1. The Caribbean as a Socio-cultural Area1
The Caribbean islr,nds, a scattering of some fifty inhabited units
spanning nearly 2,500 miles of sea between Mexico's Yucatan Penin
sula and the north coast of South America, constitute the oldest
colonial sphere of western European overseas expansion. By the second decade of the sixteenth century, these territories were circum
navigated and explored, their aborigines had been dominated and
Spanish colonies established on the largest islands, and the entire
area had been thrust into the consciousness of European monarchs,
philosophers, and scientists. As the primordial sphere of Spain's At
lantic imperium, the Caribbean region symbolized the world's be
ginnings of what Konetzke2 properly called planetary empires,
spanning whole oceans; the massive shift from a thalassic (Mediter
ranean) to an oceanic (Atlantic) orientation,3 that would governEurope's expansive designs for so long thereafter, began with the
Caribbean. And when LOpez de G6mara, addressing himself to
Charles V in 1552, asserted that, after the Creation and the coming
of Christ, the most important event in history had been the discovery
1 of the New World, he was not claiming more than what many in
formed Europeans of the time would have conceded. 4
Soon after their discovery, the Caribbean islands became a spring
board for the Spanish conquest of the American mainland, and a
testing-ground for Reconquista political designs, readapted for usein the administration and control of colonial peoples. After the sub
jugation of highland Mexico and the Andes, the importance of the
islands as areas of settlement in the Spanish imperial system declined
soURCE: Article prepared for the International Commission for a History of
the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind, and issued in the Journalo World History Vol. 9, No.4 (1966):912-37, published by Les Editions deLa Baconniere, Boudry-Neuchatel, Switzerland. Reprinted by permission of
the author and editor, Journal o World History Division of Cultural Studies,United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
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