physical science vocabulary week 10. 1) hydrogen symbol – h atomic number – 1 combines with...

PHYS

ICAL S

CIENCE

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

10

1) HYDROGENSymbol – HAtomic Number – 1Combines with oxygen to form

water

2) HELIUMSymbol – HeAtomic number – 2Was used to make the first gas

lasers

3) LITHIUMSymbol – LiAtomic number – 3Used to make small batteries

for cameras, calculators and pacemakers

4) BERYLLIUMSymbol – BeAtomic number – 4Found naturally in gems; gives

emeralds their color

5) BORONSymbol – BAtomic number – 5Used to make heat resistant

glass like Pyrex.

6) CARBONSymbol – CAtomic number – 6Makes diamonds

7) NITROGENSymbol – NAtomic number – 7Makes up 78% of air.

8) OXYGENSymbol – OAtomic number – 8Used as liquid rocket fuel.

9) FLUORINESymbol – FAtomic number – 9Used in spray cans.

10) NEONSymbol – NeAtomic number – 10Used in lights because it glows

orange or red

1) SODIUMSymbol – NaAtomic Number – 11Sodium is used to transfer heat out

of nuclear reactors.

2) MAGNESIUMSymbol – MgAtomic Number – 12Magnesium is used in fireworks and

flares because it gives off a bright white light when it burns.

3) ALUMINUMSymbol – AlAtomic Number – 13Aluminum is used in airplane

wings.

4) SILICONSymbol – SiAtomic Number – 14Silicon makes up flint, which Native

Americans used for tools and weapons.

5) PHOSPHORUSSymbol – PAtomic number - 15Phosphorus is used to make things

glow.

6) SULFURSymbol – SAtomic Number – 16Sulfur is used in gunpowder.

7) CHLORINESymbol – ClAtomic Number – 17Chlorine was used in World War I as

a poison gas.

8) ARGONSymbol – ArAtomic Number – 18Argon is the gas used to fill light

bulbs and fluorescent bulbs.

9) POTASSIUMSymbol – KAtomic Number – 19Potassium is used to make

explosives.

10) CALCIUMSymbol – CaAtomic Number – 20Calcium is a major component in

marble.

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

12

1) PURE SUBSTANCE

Made from one type of atom or one type of molecule only

2) COMPOUND

Made of more than one type of atom bonded together; pure

3) MIXTURE

Two or more elements or compounds combined physically; not pure

4) IRON

Atomic Number – 26Symbol – FeIron is used to make magnets.

5) NICKEL

Atomic Number – 28Symbol – NiNickel only makes up 25% of a

nickel.

6) COPPER

Atomic Number – 29Symbol – CuPennies are only coated in

copper.

7) SILVER

Atomic number – 47Symbol – AgSilver compounds are used to

‘seed’ clouds and make rain.

8) GOLD

Atomic number – 79Symbol – AuGold, silver and copper are all

in the same group, 11.

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

11

9) MERCURY

Atomic number – 80Symbol – HgMercury is the only metal that

is a liquid at room temperature.

10) LEAD

Atomic number – 82Symbol – PbOxides of lead are used to

make crystal.

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

13

1) COVALENT BOND

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more electrons, especially pairs of electrons, between atoms.

2) IONIC BOND

A chemical bond between two ions with opposite charges, characteristic of salts. Also called electrovalent bond.

3) VALENCE ELECTRON

An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.

4) CHEMICAL BOND

Any of several forces, especially the ionic bond, covalent bond, and metallic bond, by which atoms or ions are bound in a molecule or crystal.

5) CHEMICAL REACTION

a process that involves changes in the structure and energy content of atoms, molecules, or ions

6) CHEMICAL FORMULA

a representation of a substance using symbols for its elements parts

7) CHEMICAL EQUATION

a representation of a chemical reaction using symbols of the elements to indicate the amount of substance of each reactant and product

8) REACTANT

A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction.

9) PRODUCT

A substance resulting from a chemical reaction.

10) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASSa fundamental principle of

physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

14

1) ELEMENT

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by any ordinary chemical means

2) COMPOUND

A pure substance that forms when two or more elements join chemically

3) MIXTURE

A type of matter that forms when two or more substance combine without joining together chemically

4) HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

A combination of substances in which different components are easily observed

5) HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

A combination of substances in which the appearance and properties are the same throughout

6) COEFFICIENT

A number written before a chemical formula which shows how many molecules of a compound are present

7) SUBSCRIPT

A small number written to the right and slightly below a chemical symbol to tell the number of atoms of that element in the substance

8) PHYSICAL CHANGE

Altering the physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance

9) CHEMICAL CHANGE

Occurs when a substance is changed into a new substance with different properties

10) ATOMIC MASS

The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

15

1) ENERGY

The ability to do work or cause changes to occur

2) WORK

Application of a force to an object to move it a certain distance in the direction of the force

3) MECHANICAL ENERGY

The energy associated with the motion of an object

4) THERMAL ENERGY

Total amount of energy in all of the particle contained in a sample of matter

5) HEAT

The transfer of thermal energy between two objects at different temperatures

6) CHEMICAL ENERGY

The energy that is stored in chemical bonds

7) ELECTRICAL ENERGY

The energy that results from the flow of moving charges

8) ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

Energy resulting from the motion of the charged particles within atoms

9) SOUND ENERGY

Energy given off by a vibrating object

10) NUCLEAR ENERGY

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom as a result of strong nuclear forces

VOCABULARY

WE

EK

16

1) KINETIC ENERGY

Energy resulting from the motion of an object

2) POTENTIAL ENERGY

Stored energy

3) LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY

States that while energy may be changed from one form to another, energy is neither created nor destroyed

4) FRICTION

A force that opposes the motion of an object

5) SCIENTIFIC QUESTION

A precise question that can be answered through observation, measurement, testing or analysis

6) SCIENTIFIC METHOD

A series of organized steps that guide the investigative process

7) HYPOTHESIS

A possible answer to a scientific question

8) EXPERIMENT

A procedure designed to test a hypothesis

9) VARIABLE

Any factor that can affect the results of an experiment

10) CONTROL GROUP

Experimental setup that represents the norm and shows what would happen in the absence of any changes regarding the independent variable.