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PC
The Owner’s Perspective
on
Crane Wheel Load
Considerations
The Owner’s PerspectiveThe Owner’s Perspective
onon
Crane Wheel Load Crane Wheel Load
ConsiderationsConsiderations
PC
Wheel Load ConsiderationsWheel Load ConsiderationsWheel Load Considerations
New Wharf Design Preparation
Larger Cranes on Existing Wharves
New Wharf Design PreparationNew Wharf Design Preparation
Larger Cranes on Existing WharvesLarger Cranes on Existing Wharves
PC
Evolution of Wheel LoadsEvolution of Wheel LoadsEvolution of Wheel Loads
In Virginia andOther Ports
In Virginia andIn Virginia andOther PortsOther Ports
PC
1959 1959 PacecoPaceco
340 tons340 tons
PC
1967 1967 PacecoPaceco482 tons482 tons
PC
1969 1969 PacecoPaceco
730 tons730 tons
PC
1972 1972 PacecoPaceco 868 tons868 tons
PC
1985 1985 KoneKone Dual Hoist 1094 tonsDual Hoist 1094 tons
PC
1990 1990 CemcoCemco 954 tons954 tons
PC
1997 1997 NoellNoell 1157 tons1157 tons
PC
2003 ZPMC 1656 tons2003 ZPMC 1656 tons
PC
2004 ZPMC Elevating Girder Crane 1826 tons2004 ZPMC Elevating Girder Crane 1826 tons
PC
2005 ZPMC Twin Forty 1858 tons2005 ZPMC Twin Forty 1858 tons
PC
Preparations for Designinga New Wharf –
Operational Considerations
Preparations for DesigningPreparations for Designinga New Wharf a New Wharf ––
Operational ConsiderationsOperational Considerations
Crane Type
Crane parameters
Brief Case Study
Crane TypeCrane Type
Crane parametersCrane parameters
Brief Case StudyBrief Case Study
PC
Single HoistSingle Hoist
Dual HoistDual Hoist
oror
PC
Standard A FrameStandard A Frame
Low profileLow profile
oror
PC
Twin TwentyTwin Twenty
Twin FortyTwin Forty
oror
PC
Rope Tow TrolleyRope Tow Rope Tow TrolleyTrolley
Machinery on Machinery on TrolleyTrolley
oror
PC
Specialty CranesSpecialty Cranes
PC
Other Operational ConsiderationsCrane parameters
Other Operational ConsiderationsOther Operational ConsiderationsCrane parametersCrane parameters
Outreach
Lift height
Backreach
Rated capacity
Local storm wind
OutreachOutreach
Lift heightLift height
BackreachBackreach
Rated capacityRated capacity
Local storm windLocal storm wind
PC
Case StudyVirginia Wharf Expansion
Case StudyCase StudyVirginia Wharf ExpansionVirginia Wharf Expansion
PC
PC
Crane TypeCrane TypeCrane TypeSingle Hoist or Dual Hoist ?
Rope Tow Trolley (RTT) or Machinery on Trolley (MOT) ?
Single Hoist or Dual Hoist ?Single Hoist or Dual Hoist ?
Rope Tow Trolley (RTT) or Machinery on Rope Tow Trolley (RTT) or Machinery on Trolley (MOT) ?Trolley (MOT) ?
PC
Advantages of MOTAdvantages of MOTAdvantages of MOT
Reduced maintenance expense • less wire rope
• Fewer sheaves
• No wire supports
Potential for increased reliability.
Reduced maintenance expense Reduced maintenance expense •• less wire ropeless wire rope
•• Fewer sheavesFewer sheaves
•• No wire supportsNo wire supports
Potential for increased reliability.Potential for increased reliability.
PC
Disadvantages of MOTDisadvantages of MOTDisadvantages of MOTIncreased wheel loads – 15 – 30%Potential wheel slipHeavier festoonIncreased energy consumptionSlower trolley accelerations
Increased wheel loads Increased wheel loads –– 15 15 –– 30%30%Potential wheel slipPotential wheel slipHeavier festoonHeavier festoonIncreased energy consumptionIncreased energy consumptionSlower trolley accelerationsSlower trolley accelerations
PC
VIT Operator Tests VIT Operator Tests APL CranesAPL Cranes
PC
Crane ParametersCrane ParametersCrane Parameters
Outreach 26 wide
Lift height 130 feet Backreach 75 feet
Rated capacity 65/80 tons
Storm wind 110 mph ASCE Basic
Outreach 26 wide Outreach 26 wide
Lift height 130 feet Lift height 130 feet BackreachBackreach 75 feet75 feet
Rated capacity 65/80 tons Rated capacity 65/80 tons
Storm wind 110 mph ASCE BasicStorm wind 110 mph ASCE Basic
PC
Resulting Wharf DesignResulting Wharf DesignResulting Wharf DesignBasis:• Rope tow trolley cranes• 1 out of 8 cranes to be a specialty crane
Elevating Trolley Girder • Increase in crane parameters
Wheel load requirement +40%over existing 100 ft gage wharf
Basis:Basis:•• Rope tow trolley cranesRope tow trolley cranes•• 1 out of 8 cranes to be a specialty crane1 out of 8 cranes to be a specialty crane
Elevating Trolley Girder Elevating Trolley Girder •• Increase in crane parametersIncrease in crane parameters
Wheel load requirement +40%Wheel load requirement +40%over existing 100 ft gage wharfover existing 100 ft gage wharf
PC
Controlling Wheel Loadsfor Larger Cranes on Existing
Wharves
Controlling Wheel LoadsControlling Wheel Loadsfor Larger Cranes on Existing for Larger Cranes on Existing
WharvesWharves
PC
Reduce Structural MaterialReduce Structural MaterialReduce Structural Material
Boom
Leg and beam members
BoomBoom
Leg and beam membersLeg and beam members
PC
Lattice BoomLattice Boom
vicevice
Box Beam BoomBox Beam Boom
PC
Redistribute WeightRedistribute WeightRedistribute Weight
Change trolley stow location
Change boom stow position
Change trolley stow locationChange trolley stow location
Change boom stow positionChange boom stow position
PCChanging Boom Stow PositionChanging Boom Stow Position
PC
Other Ways to ReduceWheel Loads
Other Ways to ReduceOther Ways to ReduceWheel LoadsWheel Loads
Reduce wind loads• Aerodynamic shaped members• Narrower members
Limit Outreach
Reduce wind loadsReduce wind loads•• Aerodynamic shaped membersAerodynamic shaped members•• Narrower membersNarrower members
Limit OutreachLimit Outreach
PCLimited OutreachLimited OutreachNew Cranes on Existing WharfNew Cranes on Existing Wharf
PC
Justify Higher Wharf LoadsJustify Higher Wharf LoadsJustify Higher Wharf LoadsRevaluate wharf design• Strut and tie method
Review pile driving records
Load test wharf
Strengthen the wharf - expensive
Revaluate wharf designRevaluate wharf design•• Strut and tie methodStrut and tie method
Review pile driving recordsReview pile driving records
Load test wharfLoad test wharf
Strengthen the wharf Strengthen the wharf -- expensiveexpensive
PC
Bottom LineBottom LineBottom Line
New wharf …………..Plan Ahead
Existing wharves……….Be creative
New wharf …………..New wharf …………..Plan AheadPlan Ahead
Existing wharves……….Existing wharves……….Be creativeBe creative
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