organomineral fertilizers technologies and market - … · organomineral fertilizers technologies...

Organomineral Fertilizers

Technologies and market

Paulo César TeixeiraJosé Carlos Polidoro

Vinicius BenitesDavid Campos

Brazilian market aspects

2

Brazilian import and domestic production of NPK 2012

76%

55%

26%

45%

94%

6%

Nitrogênio Fósforo Potássio

Source: ANDA and SIACESP, AMABrasilExtracted from ANDA, 2011, Roquetti Filho, 2012 and updated by Polidoro, 2012

Production

Import

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium

3

Soybean and corn are responsible for 54 % of Brazilian's fertilizer consumption

Table: Estimated delivery of fertilizers in Brazil (by crop)

plantation area (1000 ha) total deliveries (1000 ton of productsCrops

Source:

SoybeanMayseSugarcaneCoffeCottonForestsRiceTrigoBeanFumoPastureOrangePotatoBananaSorghumTomato

4

Sources: Junqueira, A. (2006), Abisolo (2013), Sector Companies, and MAPA (2013) Prepared by Polidoro (2013)

2012 = 10 % consumption of NPK fertilizers in Brazil

Growth rate 2005-2012 = 16% per year

1000ton

OM fertilizer

Year

Nutrients / 1000

5

• Prepared by: Prado, R.B.; Laforet, M.R.C.; Pereira, A.M. & Polidoro, J.C. (2013).

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Map of availability and restrictions of PEAT in Brazil

http://www.cetem.gov.br/agrominerais/rochagem_inv_cart.pdf

Mining restrictions in the areas of expansion of the OMF sector

PEAT

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Planted area with sugarcane – 2010.

•Source: CanaSat.

•SP

•GO

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Poultry distribution in Brazil

Chickens - 2007(Units)

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•CENTRO•OESTE 13,4

%

Pigs - 2007(Units)

Swine distribution in Brazil

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Question

Is there enough raw material to meet thedemand for the production of "organicfraction" of the fertilizer in Brazil?

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3.7 kg N m3 3.3 kg P2O5 m3 1.9 kg K2O m3

390,000 tN

348,000 tP2O5

201,000 tK2O

IBGE (2010) – 38.4 millions of swinesContent of NPK

residues of swines in Brazil

Source: IBGE (2010),Embrapa Swine and Poultry(2010), Prepared by Corrêa,JC; Benites, JC and Polidoro,J. C. (2012)

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IBGE (2010) – 5.8 billions de aves

2010 - 8 millions of tons of poultry litter

30 kg N t 32 kg P2O5 t 44 kg K2O t

240000 tN

256000 tP2O5

352000 tK2O

Content de NPK residues of

poultry in Brazil

Source: IBGE (2010),Embrapa Swine andPoultry (2010)Prepared by Corrêa, JC;Benites, JC andPolidoro, J. C. (2012)

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Bone meal

Residue: grams , twigs and other organic wastes

Industrial restaurants wastes

Resíduo de jardinagem

Bovine rumen

brewery sludge

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Other possible raw material

Prohibited!

- 2006: Prohibited the use of chicken manure to feed

ruminants (mad cow disease)

- Restrictions on poultry litter use in fertilization of

pastures (Normative Instruction, N.º 25, July 2009 -

MAPA): allowed to use when performed incorporation into the soil and

grazing only after 40 days

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16

17

18

100 m3/ha

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Nitrogen losses by volatilization

Horas após aplicação do dejeto

N-N

H3 (

kg/h

a)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Testemunho

Injetado

Incorporado

Superficial

29624 48 144 196

Surface application of poultry litter promoted loss of 10.1 kg / ha of NH3 at theend of 296 hours, this loss was 105 % higher than the loss in the othertreatments.

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Control

injected into the soil

Incorporated

Surface

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Market

PeatPoultry litterCakes in general (Castor bean,

filter etc)

Research and Development

Residues of swinesagroindustrial wastes (bone meal, Rumen etc)

Suitable raw materials

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IMPACTS EXPECTED BY THE USE OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS:

•Increased domestic production of organomineral fertilizers

•Decrease by at least 10 % to 25 % in 2020 , the external demand for NPK in Brazil.

•Reduction of environmental pollution risks of pig farming activities , poultry , cattle andsugarcane cutting

•Increased agronomic efficiency of fertilizer by at least 20 % in the crops that useorganomineral fertilizer

•Diversify and decentralize the economic and regional fertilizer production in Brazil.

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Technological aspects

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Technological dogmas of organomineral fertilizers

•They are more effective than mineral fertilizer

•CEC increases and improves soil structure

•Promote benefits on soil microflora

Opportunities for scientific research

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This scenario can lead to some inconsistenttechnical positions in the national market:

•Recommendation of the same dose of organomineral fertilizer in relation to the NPK fertilizer

•Ex. 450 kg/ha of NPK para sugarcane

•Formula NPK: •organomineral 3 – 17 - 10 + micronutrients

•Mineral 8 – 28 - 16

Increase of approximately 50 % of agronomic efficiency of nutrients

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y = -0,005x2 + 2,4077x + 2575,7

R2 = 0,87

y = 0,93 x + 2577,6

R2 = 0,70

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

3100

0 100 200 300 400

Fertilizer, kg ha-1

So

yb

ean

yie

ld, kg

ha

-1

Organomineral 20% P2O5

SSP 21% P2O5

Polinômio (Organomineral 20%P2O5)Linear (SSP 21% P2O5)

Benites et al. (2012)

“Economy” of 50 % of fertilizer

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27

DECREE N. 4.954,

JANUARY, 14, 2004

Organomineral Fertilizer (OM): product resulting from the physical mixture orcombination of mineral and organic fertilizers

BRAZILIAN NORMATIVE N. 25,JULY, 23, 2009

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Solid organomineral fertilizer:

•Total organic carbon : minimum of 8 %• CEC minimum : 80 mmolc / kg• NPK sum higher than 10 %• Maximum humidity 30%

OM Garanties

Fluid organomineral fertilizer:

•Total organic carbon : minimum of 3 %•NPK sum higher than 3 %•Micronutrientes sum higher than 1%

Foliar application

•Total organic carbon : minimum of 8 % •Total organic carbon : minimum of 6 %

Soil application

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Technologies in production of solid organomineral fertilizers:

- POWDER (“Farelado”)-PELLETED BY EXTRUSION-GRANULAR

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•31

Limitation of powder organomineral fertilizers by large-scaleapplication

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Techniques to produce organomineral fertilizer

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•34

•35

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OMF produced with agroindustrial wastes:

"Intelligent” environmental solutions and higher agronomic efficiency than the direct use ofwastes in agriculture

Advantages and disadvantages of composting

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20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

período de compostagem, dias

Te

mp

era

tura

, oC

Termômetro inferior

Termômetro central

Termômetro superior

Temperatura média

Fase Termofílica Fase Mesofílica

There is no FAST composting

composting period, days

Lower thermometerCentral thermometerSuperior thermometerAverage temperature

Thermophilic phase Mesophilic phase

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Tempo em minutos

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120

Em

issã

o de

Am

ônia

(m

g N

-NH

3 m-3

)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Process problem : N-NH3 emission in composting

During the compost rolling, the emission of N-NH3 can be greater than 5x

Source: Lourenço; Corrêa; Higarashi (2010)

Recent researches for minimize losses:

Use of urease inhibitorsApplication of natural zeolites (mineral silicate)

Time, in minutes

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Organomineral Fertilizer Embrapa Technology

Chicken manure + MAP

40

41

grinder-dryer which grinds and dries materials in a single-step process without needing any heat input.

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43

44

•NPK in the granule

The mixture between the organic and the mineral portion (at least in part ) should be performed at the time of processing waste (composting) or during the granulation

process

45 Photo: José Carlos Polidoro

5 - 20 - 2 2 - 20 - 2

Organic matter + MAP Organic matter + H3PO

Compatible with machines and implements that alreadyexist on production systems

•Photo: Guilherme C. Franco

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It can be produced with soluble NPK sources and micronutrients

natural phosphates , agrominerals potassium, organic nitrogensources, etc.

•Photo: V.M. Benites

Conceptual model of a phosphatic organomineral fertilizer produced with filter cake, chicken manure or pig manure (organic compost)

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Advantages

•The "retention" time of the raw material in fertilizer production is

minimal;

•Homogeneity of the mixture;

•High granulation efficiency (>90%);

•Elimination of biological contaminants (helminth eggs and

enteropathogenic microorganisms);

Disadvantages

•No production of humified organic compound in the process (possibleproblem with the product registration as organomineral fertilizer, CEC <80 mmolc kg-1)

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Opportunities for technological innovation in organomineral fertilizers production

Development of biological processes for partial solubilizationof natural phosphates

Optimization of the physical characteristics of organomineralfertilizer for compatibility with mixed mineral granules

Agronomic efficiency evaluation in long-term experiments

- Incorporation of micronutrients in the formula- Incorporation of functional microorganisms- Different formulas- Multinutrients granules- Association of readily soluble sources and intermediate solubility

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phosphate fertilizer

average 5 seasons

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52Agronomic evaluation

Experimental fields FertBrasil Network

National Network of Agronomic Experiments

84 planned field experiments

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Paulo César Teixeira

paulo.c.teixeira@embrapa.br+55 21 2179-4535

THANK YOU!

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