organomineral fertilizers technologies and market - … · organomineral fertilizers technologies...
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Organomineral Fertilizers
Technologies and market
Paulo César TeixeiraJosé Carlos Polidoro
Vinicius BenitesDavid Campos
Brazilian market aspects
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Brazilian import and domestic production of NPK 2012
76%
55%
26%
45%
94%
6%
Nitrogênio Fósforo Potássio
Source: ANDA and SIACESP, AMABrasilExtracted from ANDA, 2011, Roquetti Filho, 2012 and updated by Polidoro, 2012
Production
Import
Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium
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Soybean and corn are responsible for 54 % of Brazilian's fertilizer consumption
Table: Estimated delivery of fertilizers in Brazil (by crop)
plantation area (1000 ha) total deliveries (1000 ton of productsCrops
Source:
SoybeanMayseSugarcaneCoffeCottonForestsRiceTrigoBeanFumoPastureOrangePotatoBananaSorghumTomato
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Sources: Junqueira, A. (2006), Abisolo (2013), Sector Companies, and MAPA (2013) Prepared by Polidoro (2013)
2012 = 10 % consumption of NPK fertilizers in Brazil
Growth rate 2005-2012 = 16% per year
1000ton
OM fertilizer
Year
Nutrients / 1000
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• Prepared by: Prado, R.B.; Laforet, M.R.C.; Pereira, A.M. & Polidoro, J.C. (2013).
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Map of availability and restrictions of PEAT in Brazil
http://www.cetem.gov.br/agrominerais/rochagem_inv_cart.pdf
Mining restrictions in the areas of expansion of the OMF sector
PEAT
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Planted area with sugarcane – 2010.
•Source: CanaSat.
•SP
•GO
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Poultry distribution in Brazil
Chickens - 2007(Units)
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•CENTRO•OESTE 13,4
%
Pigs - 2007(Units)
Swine distribution in Brazil
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Question
Is there enough raw material to meet thedemand for the production of "organicfraction" of the fertilizer in Brazil?
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3.7 kg N m3 3.3 kg P2O5 m3 1.9 kg K2O m3
390,000 tN
348,000 tP2O5
201,000 tK2O
IBGE (2010) – 38.4 millions of swinesContent of NPK
residues of swines in Brazil
Source: IBGE (2010),Embrapa Swine and Poultry(2010), Prepared by Corrêa,JC; Benites, JC and Polidoro,J. C. (2012)
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IBGE (2010) – 5.8 billions de aves
2010 - 8 millions of tons of poultry litter
30 kg N t 32 kg P2O5 t 44 kg K2O t
240000 tN
256000 tP2O5
352000 tK2O
Content de NPK residues of
poultry in Brazil
Source: IBGE (2010),Embrapa Swine andPoultry (2010)Prepared by Corrêa, JC;Benites, JC andPolidoro, J. C. (2012)
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Bone meal
Residue: grams , twigs and other organic wastes
Industrial restaurants wastes
Resíduo de jardinagem
Bovine rumen
brewery sludge
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Other possible raw material
Prohibited!
- 2006: Prohibited the use of chicken manure to feed
ruminants (mad cow disease)
- Restrictions on poultry litter use in fertilization of
pastures (Normative Instruction, N.º 25, July 2009 -
MAPA): allowed to use when performed incorporation into the soil and
grazing only after 40 days
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16
17
18
100 m3/ha
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Nitrogen losses by volatilization
Horas após aplicação do dejeto
N-N
H3 (
kg/h
a)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Testemunho
Injetado
Incorporado
Superficial
29624 48 144 196
Surface application of poultry litter promoted loss of 10.1 kg / ha of NH3 at theend of 296 hours, this loss was 105 % higher than the loss in the othertreatments.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
Control
injected into the soil
Incorporated
Surface
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Market
PeatPoultry litterCakes in general (Castor bean,
filter etc)
Research and Development
Residues of swinesagroindustrial wastes (bone meal, Rumen etc)
Suitable raw materials
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IMPACTS EXPECTED BY THE USE OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS:
•Increased domestic production of organomineral fertilizers
•Decrease by at least 10 % to 25 % in 2020 , the external demand for NPK in Brazil.
•Reduction of environmental pollution risks of pig farming activities , poultry , cattle andsugarcane cutting
•Increased agronomic efficiency of fertilizer by at least 20 % in the crops that useorganomineral fertilizer
•Diversify and decentralize the economic and regional fertilizer production in Brazil.
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Technological aspects
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Technological dogmas of organomineral fertilizers
•They are more effective than mineral fertilizer
•CEC increases and improves soil structure
•Promote benefits on soil microflora
Opportunities for scientific research
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This scenario can lead to some inconsistenttechnical positions in the national market:
•Recommendation of the same dose of organomineral fertilizer in relation to the NPK fertilizer
•Ex. 450 kg/ha of NPK para sugarcane
•Formula NPK: •organomineral 3 – 17 - 10 + micronutrients
•Mineral 8 – 28 - 16
Increase of approximately 50 % of agronomic efficiency of nutrients
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y = -0,005x2 + 2,4077x + 2575,7
R2 = 0,87
y = 0,93 x + 2577,6
R2 = 0,70
2500
2600
2700
2800
2900
3000
3100
0 100 200 300 400
Fertilizer, kg ha-1
So
yb
ean
yie
ld, kg
ha
-1
Organomineral 20% P2O5
SSP 21% P2O5
Polinômio (Organomineral 20%P2O5)Linear (SSP 21% P2O5)
Benites et al. (2012)
“Economy” of 50 % of fertilizer
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DECREE N. 4.954,
JANUARY, 14, 2004
Organomineral Fertilizer (OM): product resulting from the physical mixture orcombination of mineral and organic fertilizers
BRAZILIAN NORMATIVE N. 25,JULY, 23, 2009
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Solid organomineral fertilizer:
•Total organic carbon : minimum of 8 %• CEC minimum : 80 mmolc / kg• NPK sum higher than 10 %• Maximum humidity 30%
OM Garanties
Fluid organomineral fertilizer:
•Total organic carbon : minimum of 3 %•NPK sum higher than 3 %•Micronutrientes sum higher than 1%
Foliar application
•Total organic carbon : minimum of 8 % •Total organic carbon : minimum of 6 %
Soil application
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Technologies in production of solid organomineral fertilizers:
- POWDER (“Farelado”)-PELLETED BY EXTRUSION-GRANULAR
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•31
Limitation of powder organomineral fertilizers by large-scaleapplication
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Techniques to produce organomineral fertilizer
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•34
•35
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OMF produced with agroindustrial wastes:
"Intelligent” environmental solutions and higher agronomic efficiency than the direct use ofwastes in agriculture
Advantages and disadvantages of composting
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20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
período de compostagem, dias
Te
mp
era
tura
, oC
Termômetro inferior
Termômetro central
Termômetro superior
Temperatura média
Fase Termofílica Fase Mesofílica
There is no FAST composting
composting period, days
Lower thermometerCentral thermometerSuperior thermometerAverage temperature
Thermophilic phase Mesophilic phase
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Tempo em minutos
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
Em
issã
o de
Am
ônia
(m
g N
-NH
3 m-3
)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Process problem : N-NH3 emission in composting
During the compost rolling, the emission of N-NH3 can be greater than 5x
Source: Lourenço; Corrêa; Higarashi (2010)
Recent researches for minimize losses:
Use of urease inhibitorsApplication of natural zeolites (mineral silicate)
Time, in minutes
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Organomineral Fertilizer Embrapa Technology
Chicken manure + MAP
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grinder-dryer which grinds and dries materials in a single-step process without needing any heat input.
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•NPK in the granule
The mixture between the organic and the mineral portion (at least in part ) should be performed at the time of processing waste (composting) or during the granulation
process
45 Photo: José Carlos Polidoro
5 - 20 - 2 2 - 20 - 2
Organic matter + MAP Organic matter + H3PO
Compatible with machines and implements that alreadyexist on production systems
•Photo: Guilherme C. Franco
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It can be produced with soluble NPK sources and micronutrients
natural phosphates , agrominerals potassium, organic nitrogensources, etc.
•Photo: V.M. Benites
Conceptual model of a phosphatic organomineral fertilizer produced with filter cake, chicken manure or pig manure (organic compost)
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Advantages
•The "retention" time of the raw material in fertilizer production is
minimal;
•Homogeneity of the mixture;
•High granulation efficiency (>90%);
•Elimination of biological contaminants (helminth eggs and
enteropathogenic microorganisms);
Disadvantages
•No production of humified organic compound in the process (possibleproblem with the product registration as organomineral fertilizer, CEC <80 mmolc kg-1)
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Opportunities for technological innovation in organomineral fertilizers production
Development of biological processes for partial solubilizationof natural phosphates
Optimization of the physical characteristics of organomineralfertilizer for compatibility with mixed mineral granules
Agronomic efficiency evaluation in long-term experiments
- Incorporation of micronutrients in the formula- Incorporation of functional microorganisms- Different formulas- Multinutrients granules- Association of readily soluble sources and intermediate solubility
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phosphate fertilizer
average 5 seasons
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52Agronomic evaluation
Experimental fields FertBrasil Network
National Network of Agronomic Experiments
84 planned field experiments
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