optima optimisation for sustainable water resources management

OPTIMA Optimisation for Sustainable

Water Resources Management

October 28, 29th 2004

Malta kick-off meeting

National Centre for Remote Sensing - TUNISIA

Tunisian case study

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Water resources state

• Water resources are unevenly distributed in geographic and seasonal terms

(Over 77% of the volume of dam water is stored in the North)

• Population growth and socio-economic development: growth in water need

• Increasing pressure on the country capacity to provide this scarce resource

• Renewable groundwater is estimated to be about 1319 million m3/ year

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33

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Connections (overall)Drinkable water (provision)…………………………….96,4%Drinkable water (household connection)………….79,1%

Sanitation (urban)Connection rate………………………………………….81%

Water consumption :Water consumption in urban environment…….109 L/day/Inh

Annual water Demand per sector and per inhabitant:

Irrigation: 425 m3/yearDomestic: 55 m3/yearIndustry : 35 m3/year

• North: satisfying• South: lack of resources

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[0 – 20]

[21 – 40]

[41 – 70]

[71 – 150]

[> 150]

Price rangem3/term

0,215/DT/m3

0,028 0,1700 40 70

3,860DT20

0,430/DT/m3

0,269

0,430

0 70 150

7,600DT

0,650

20

0,170 0,269 0,445

0,650

0,269 0,445

0 70 150

7,820DT0,497

0,790

20

0,170

[150, …]

0,017/DT/m3

0,135/DT/m3

0 20

1,310

FixedFees/term Water cost

Sanitation fees

Water & waste water pricing:

0,215/DT/m3

0 400,028 0,170

201,310DT

Exemple:0.135 x 10m3 + 0.017 m3 x 10 + 1.310 = 2.830 DT

1 DT = 0.65 €

55

Water resources Issues

Over exploitation of surface and groundwater

Urban extension generates a conflict between :

• Water consumption,• Water Waste

Exploitation

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Intensive irrigation using different kinds of water:

• Drinkable water,• Treated water• Drilled water (superficial and deep wells)

66

High salinity:• Salinity ratio < 1.5g/l : reserved for drinking water :

83%• 1.5g/l < salinity ration <5g/l : can be used for irrigation of resistant crop type 14

%• >5g/l : desalinization : 3

%

Quality2/2

Capacity

36 billion m3/year

4,570 Billion m3 /year2,7 Billion m3/year: surface water

1,870 Billion m3/year: Ground water

Evaporation: 80 %!!!!!

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Tunisian Water Policy

• Skill development to satisfy water demand without rationning water

• Diversification of hydraulic infrastructure to retain and manage Water Resources

• Progressive law adaptation

• Water is institutionalised and managed by 3 ministries

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 Key Stakeholders

Ministry of A.E.H.R Ministry of E.T.P Ministry of Public Health

SONEDE DGRE DEGTH CRDA APAL DGAT ANPEONAS

Regional Agencies

Laboratories and units

Regional Agencies

99

 Key End-users

• The major consumer of Land and Water

Agriculture

• Constitues a major source of pollution by nitrogen, phosphates and pesticides.

• Irrigated lands represent about a third of the hole agricultural areas

• Agriculture now uses about 83% of the country’s water resources

1010

Tourism

Householders

Industry

• The industrial sector water consumption: 69.2 Mm3/year

Wastewater is estimated to be about 275 Mm3 / year

(110 Mm3 / year)

(380 Mm3 / year)

(30 Mm3 / year)• The touristic sector water consumption: 4.5 Mm3/year

•The drinking water supply consumption: 175.1 Mm3/year

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Case study

1212

Geographic location

1313

Case study State

Area: 1140 km2

Coastline length: 100 km

Extent: from Ras Sidi Ali Mekki to Ras FartasCoastline Type: wide and numerous sandy beaches Marine bottom Type: Sandy and muddy

Area: 630 km2

Coastline length: 53 km

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Case study state

• The increase in the economic and human activities terribly affects the coastline

• Two major rivers flow across the Gulf of Tunis

1. in the north MEDJERDA river (1000Mm3/year) 2. in the south MELIANE river (230 Mm3/year)

• The Gulf of Tunis undergoes: 1. an urban development 2. concentration of socio-economic activities

• Domestic wastewater • Industrial wastewater• runoff water

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Data collection

1. Geographic data

• satellite images in different resolution (10 m, 2.5 m, and 1 meter) • Arial photographs

• DEM in high resolution 25 meters

• Coverages

• View and simulation in 3 Dimensions

• Land use maps

• Maps in 1/25.000 Scale

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2. Meteorological data

• Temperature time-series

• Rainfall time-series

• Wind speed and direction

3. socio-economic & bibliographic data

• Statistics

• National and regional reports ( state of environment – Land use Master

Plans)

• Studies

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Conclusion

• We carried out many profitable studies about the Tunisian Water Resource Management

• The reports and results of much research study are difficult to be obtained from other institutions ( Lack of communication )

• Reinforce the relationship between local all partners

Information-holders