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16-Mar-18
Operating Data and Lessons Learned- Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal From Groundwater
Presented by: Kirsten SimsProcess Engineer, Drinking Water Product Manager
April 17, 2019
Confidential
16-Mar-18
Presentation Outline
Introduction: Groundwater Contamination – Nitrate and Perchlorate
1
Sunny Slope Water Company: Case Study for Nitrate Treatment
2Technology Evaluation
Microvi MNE Solution
Operation Data and Lessons Learned
Fontana Water Company: Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal
Pilot Operation- Data and Lessons Learned (so far…)
3
16-Mar-18
United States – Groundwater Nitrate Contamination
Introduction
• “ Nitrate problems will likely worsen for decades…Most nitrate detected in drinking water wells today was originally applied to the surface decades ago.”
• Recommendations Addressing Nitrate in Groundwater, CA State Water Resources Control Board Report to the Legislature, Feb 2013
Retrieved from USGS.gov Jan 20, 2018
• Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) set by EPA at 10 mg/L NO3-N
16-Mar-18
United States – Groundwater Perchlorate Contamination
Introduction
Used as an oxygen-adding component in solid propellant fuels for rockets, fireworks, missiles, etc…, perchlorate interferes with iodine uptake by the thyroid gland
No current state or federal MCL for perchlorate, although California Action Level for perchlorate is 4 ppb
Groundwater contamination is of concern due to highly soluble nature of perchlorate in water
16-Mar-18
Sunny Slope Water Company: Nitrate Removal
• Background: – Pasadena CA- Serves 30,000
– Purchasing blending water (at a premium) to meet the nitrate MCL
• Background: – No existing
infrastructure to accept brine waste
16-Mar-18
Available Nitrate Treatment Technologies
Confidential
Nitrate Treatment Options
Nitrate ReductionNitrate Removal
Ion Exchange Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis Biological
DenitrificationChemical
Denitrification
Produce concentrated waste stream requires disposal/
transport/further treatment
Eliminates NO3 by converting it to N2 Gas Released to atmosphere
16-Mar-18
Available Treatment Technologies
Confidential
Nitrate ReductionNitrate Removal
16-Mar-18
Fundamental Challenges with BiologyThe conventional paradigm for biological water/wastewater treatment is based on
repeatedly growing and then removing microorganisms
Unreliable WastefulEnergy Intensive Large Footprint Costly
16-Mar-18
A New Approach to Biological Treatment
Confiden
tial
Traditional Biological Treatment Microvi MicroNiche Engineered Approach
16-Mar-18
Microvi’s MicroNiche Engineered Approach
Confidential
16-Mar-18
Microvi MNE™: Paradigm Shift
Cell-To-Cell Communication
Population Regulation and Cellular Recycling
16-Mar-18
Available Treatment Technologies
Confidential
16-Mar-18
Confiden
tial
Approval by California Division of Drinking Water (DDW)
16-Mar-18
Confiden
tial
Sunny Slope Demonstration Pilot
16-Mar-18
Sunny Slope: Operations Data and Lessons Learned
Confidential
16-Mar-18 Confidential
Microvi MNE Nitrate System
Biological Reactor Ultrafiltration
MicronutrientsCarbon Source Filtration AidHydraulic Retention Time Pre Chlorination
Efficient Nitrate Removal Effective Post Filtration
Sunny Slope: Operations Data and Lessons Learned
16-Mar-18 Confidential
Biological Reactor: Carbon Source
Initial carbon source proprietary blend
Difficulty consistently achieving nitrate target
Indigenous biological growth in reactor
Changed to acetic acid
Resulted in consistent nitrate removal Significant reduction in indigenous
organism growth – steady state turbidity typically < 0.5 NTU
16-Mar-18 Confidential
Biological Reactor: HRT and Macronutrients
Proprietary Blend Acetic Acid
Ran with long HRT Increased indigenous growth
Proprietary blend included micronutrients
Ran with short HRT (~20 minutes) Indigenous growth reduced
Supplemented small doses of phosphorus to enhance nitrate removal
16-Mar-18
Bioreactor: Nitrate Removal Performance Data
16-Mar-18
Sunny Slope Water Plant
TERNAL USE ONLY - CONFIDENTIAL
20
16-Mar-18
Fontana Water Company: Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal
TERNAL USE ONLY - CONFIDENTIAL
21
Multiple drinking water aquifers under the jurisdiction of Fontana Water Company (FWC), in Fontana, California, are contaminated with elevated levels of nitrate and perchlorate.
These chemicals leached into the aquifer as a result of industrial and agricultural activity in the areas through the years and are of chief concern.
16-Mar-18
Fontana Water Company: Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal
TERNAL USE ONLY - CONFIDENTIAL
22
• CO2 CH4Methanogenesis
• SO4 S-Sulfate Reduction
• ClO4 --_ Cl-Perchlorate Reduction
• SeO4 SeSelenate Reduction
• NO3 N2Denitrification
• O2 H2OAerobic Respiration
The same biocatalyst is used for nitrate and perchlorate treatment
Plants may extend the life of perchlorate-specific Ion Exchange Resins by biologically removing some perchlorate upfront
16-Mar-18
Fontana Water Company: Nitrate and Perchlorate Removal
TERNAL USE ONLY - CONFIDENTIAL
23
16-Mar-18
WesTech Engineering and Microvi Biotechnologies
Questions
16-Mar-18
Appendix
Confidential
16-Mar-18
Ultrafiltration: Filter Aid
• Possible cause – soluble microbial products/EPS
• Potential remedy – small dose of ACH
Fouling Causes Increased CEB Frequency & Reduced Membrane Life
Challenge – Increasing TMP with Incomplete Recovery on Backwash
16-Mar-18
Ultrafiltration: Filter Aid
Result: Immediate arrest of increasing TMP trend and decrease in TMP on each backwash during trial
Trial: Manually dose ACH into aeration tank every ten minutes to achieve an average dose concentration of ~ 2 mg/L as ACH
16-Mar-18
Ultrafiltration: Filter Aid
16-Mar-18
Wastewater Case Studies
Case Study 1: Major UK UtilityMicrovi technologyfor nitrification and BOD/COD removal
Case Study 2: Sydney Water AustraliaMicrovi technology for denitrification
16-Mar-18
Influent EffluentBOD (filtered) 20 - 50 mg/L <10 mg/LNH3-N 10 - 45 mg/L < 1 mg/L
REMOVAL
• 8 month client operation• Single pass - no RAS or WAS• Temperature down to 5° C• TSS into reactor = TSS out of reactor• Microvi able to operate with HRT as
low as 4 hours
Case Study 1 : U.K. Utility
BOD & ammonia removal from primary effluent
CHALLANGE
16-Mar-18
0
10
20
30
40
50
9-Jul 28-Aug 17-Oct 6-Dec 25-Jan 16-Mar
Amm
onia
(mg/
L as
N)
Influent
Pilot configuration adjustments
Reliable ammonia removal at UK WWTP
After initial configuration adjustments, Microvi’s technology achieved consistently low levels of ammonia (generally < 1 mg/L as N)
16-Mar-18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
28-Oct 17-Nov 7-Dec 27-Dec 16-Jan 5-Feb 25-Feb 17-Mar
Filte
red
BOD
(mg/
L)Reliable rapid BOD removal
Microvi’s Aerovi technology consistently achieved <10 mg/L filtered BOD
16-Mar-18
Case Study 2: Sydney Water (Winmalee, Australia)
Influent EffluentNO3-N 2 to 9 mg/L 0.5 mg/L
REMOVAL
OBSERVATIONS
• HRT as low as 22 mins• 6 month client operation• Virtually no sludge • Low doses of C• Process works with variety of C sources
Removal of nitrate from secondary effluent
CHALLANGE
16-Mar-18
Sydney, AU Denitrification performance
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
Nitr
ate
(mg/
L as
N)
Continuous Run 4 (22 mins HRT)
Feed Nitrate (mg/L as N) Effluent Nitrate (mg/L as N)Note: Greyed out area are periods of no flow and/or loss of power to the pilot unit
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